Israel originally refers to a nation rather than a place name, and the earliest record can be found in BC 12 1 1. [7] In the history of the past 3,000 years, Jews regarded Israel as the core of their national and spiritual life, calling it the "Holy Land" or "Promised Land". Israel has a special meaning in Judaism, including temple relics and related religious ceremonies, which are the important foundation of modern Jewish tradition. [8] Since 1200 BC, a series of Jewish dynasties have existed in this area for more than 1000 years [9].

After the rule of Assyria, Babylon, Persia, Greece, Rome, Byzantium and other ancient countries, Jews gradually declined and were expelled in this area. Especially after a large-scale uprising was suppressed in 132, the Roman Empire expelled the Jews from this area and changed the place name to "Syria-Palestine" in an attempt to erase the traces of thousands of years of ties between Jews and this land. [10] Even so, a small number of Jews remain in Palestine, but the main Jewish population has moved from southern Israel to the north. Messina and Talmud, the two most important Jewish classics, were also written in this period. In 638 AD, Muslims seized control of the region from the Byzantine Empire, and then several Muslim countries ruled the region. Including the Umayyad dynasty, Abbasi dynasty, as well as the Huamei and Mongolia, it was ruled by Mamluk from 1260 to 15 16, and later became a province of the Ottoman Empire in 15 17.

For centuries, many exiled Jews have been trying to return to Israel. /kloc-there were several small waves of return in the 0/8th century, with numbers ranging from several hundred to several thousand. 1878, the first large Jewish farm colony appeared in petatikva. The first wave of large-scale regression began at 188 1. In order to escape persecution, Jews scattered in other parts of the world began to return to Palestine, the land of this ancient Jewish country. Jews bought land from the Ottoman Empire and Arabs and settled there. With the increase of Jewish residents, their relationship with Arabs is becoming increasingly tense.

1896, theodor herzl, a Viennese journalist and playwright, launched the Zionist movement (also known as the "Zionist movement"), calling on Jews all over the world to return to their homeland and resume their way of life. 1897 On August 29th, in Basel, Switzerland, he convened the first "World Zionist Congress", which decided to establish "a homeland (or country) recognized by the public and guaranteed by law". The Jewish National Fund and the Palestinian Land Development Corporation were established to help Jews from all over the world immigrate to Palestine.

The development of Zionism promoted the second wave of return (1904- 19 14), and about 40,000 Jews returned to China to settle down. 19 17, British foreign secretary Belfo issued the Balfour declaration: "Your Majesty's government is in favor of establishing a Jewish homeland in Palestine and will do its utmost to promote its realization". From 65438 to 0920, the League of Nations entrusted Britain with jurisdiction over Palestine. 1922, Britain divided the trusteeship into two parts: the east (now Jordan) was inhabited by Arabs and the west by Jews.

After World War I, Jews set off the third and fourth waves of return. In a Palestinian uprising that broke out in 1929, Arabs killed 133 Jews. Then there were several riots in 1936- 1939. In this regard, the United Kingdom issued a white paper in 1939, stipulating that after 39 years, Jews can immigrate to 75,000 people within five years and will no longer accept Jewish immigrants. This white paper is regarded by many Jews and Zionists as a betrayal of Jews and a violation of the Balfour Declaration. Arabs didn't stop there, they wanted to stop Jewish immigration completely.

From 65438 to 0933, the German Nazi Party came to power and set off the fifth wave of Jewish return. 1940, Jews accounted for 30% of the total local residents. Later, the final settlement of Jews in Europe further promoted the return of Jews. From 1944 to 1948, about 200,000 Jews came to Palestine through various channels. After World War II, there were 600,000 Jewish residents in Palestine [1 1].

1947, in view of the escalating violent conflict between Jews and Arabs and the frustration of peace efforts, the British government decided to leave the Palestinian trusteeship [12]. Since the end of 19, the number of Jewish immigrants has been increasing steadily. Influenced by the Holocaust in World War II, the idea of Jewish revival has gained more and more international support. The United Nations established the "Special Committee on Palestine", and in 10, the United Nations General Assembly voted on "1947 United Nations partition plan", and 33 countries agreed (including the United States and the Soviet Union), 13 countries opposed, and 10 countries abstained, and passed a resolution: Today's Jordan, Jews and Arabs have about. In developed areas, the division plan generally adopts the principle of taking care of traditional settlements and evenly distributing population. However, considering the influx of a large number of Jewish refugees in the future, the sparsely populated Negev desert in the south was included in the Jewish state. As a result, Jews gained more territory with a relatively small population.

1947165438+1October 29th, the day when the United Nations adopted the partition plan, David Ben-Gurion accepted it, but the Arab League did not. The top leaders of the Arab League Committee ordered a three-day violent attack on Jewish civilians in Israel, attacking buildings, shops and residential areas, and then the underground militia armed by Jewish organizations launched a counterattack. These battles quickly spread to large-scale conflicts, which led to the Israeli war of independence in 1948 [13].

1948 18 On May 4th, the day before the end of the British trusteeship period, the State of Israel was formally proclaimed. Israel was admitted to the United Nations on May 6th.