In ancient times, weapons were differentiated from production tools, that is, from the invention of weapons to the invention of gunpowder and widely used in war. Cold weapons appeared in the early stage of the development of human society and evolved from labor tools such as farming and hunting. With the development of war and production level, they have gone through a process of development and perfection from low to high, from single to diverse, from complex to unified.

2. In the era of thermal weapons,

A.D. 1 132, China's militarist stereotypes in the Southern Song Dynasty? Invented the musket, the earliest tubular firearm in the world military history. It is the originator of modern tubular firearms. By the end of the Southern Song Dynasty (1259), people in Shouchun Prefecture had created a musket, which used giant bamboo as the barrel and fired bullets (including black powder, ceramic tiles, broken iron, stones and so on). ).

When it is detonated, the flame is ejected from the muzzle, and the bullet flies out and scatters to kill the opponent. This is the real origin of modern shotguns.

/kloc-in the 3rd century, gunpowder and metal tube-shaped firearms from China were introduced to Europe, and muskets developed rapidly. /kloc-At the beginning of the 5th century, the Spanish invented the matchlock gun. Later, it was copied by the Ming dynasty and called bird's nest.

Until AD 1525, the Italian Finch invented the flint gun, changed the match rope ignition to flint, and gradually overcame the influence of climate, simplified the shooting procedure, improved the shooting accuracy and could shoot at any time.

The invention of the afterloading gun was a major change in firearms in the19th century, which ended the 500-year history of loading bullets from the muzzle with a rifle probe and was called "a new era of light weapons and infantry tactics" by some history books.

3. In the era of nuclear weapons,

Nuclear weapons refer to weapons of great destruction related to nuclear reactions, including hydrogen bombs, atomic bombs, neutron bombs, three-phase bombs and antimatter bombs.

1945 The nuclear weapons dropped on Nagasaki, Japan caused mushroom clouds as high as 18 km. It marks that the weapons stage of mankind has entered the nuclear weapons stage.

4. In the information war era,

2 1 century, the rapid development and wide application of high technology promoted the development of weapons and equipment, the evolution of combat mode, the innovation of military theory and the change of organizational system, and triggered a new military revolution.

Information warfare will eventually replace mechanized warfare and become the basic form of future warfare. Information-based war refers to a war that takes place in the information age, is based on information, and uses information-based weapons and equipment as war tools.

Information warfare will not change the nature of war, but war directors must consider the outcome and consequences of war, and first pursue how to realize the strategy of "defeating the enemy without fighting" in strategic guidance. Traditional warfare at the expense of large-scale physical destruction will be greatly constrained and restricted.

Extended data:

The human war appeared in the late primitive society. According to archaeological data, the earliest war appeared in the early stone age in the middle of 2 1 century BC. This shows that from primitive people to the beginning of 2 1 century BC, in the long history of about two or three million years, the history of war is less than 10 thousand years (in other words, tens of thousands of years).

The war in primitive society is a conflict between clans and tribes or tribal alliances. In order to compete for natural wealth such as land, rivers and mountains, and even to snatch marriage and national revenge, it later evolved into a primitive war. This kind of war is essentially different from the war in class society.

It has no political purpose and the nature of class oppression and slavery. Prisoners of war were either killed or eaten. Later, with the development of productivity and animal husbandry, patriarchy replaced matriarchal system, agriculture, handicrafts and commodity production developed, the means of production were surplus, private property appeared, masters and slaves appeared, and private ownership and class sprouted.

So that "the war between ancient tribes has begun to degenerate into continuous robbery of livestock, slaves and treasures on land and at sea, becoming a normal business." (The Military Anthology of Karl Marx and Engels, Volume II, page 4 13) The increasingly frequent wars have driven the primitive commune system to disintegrate, and mankind has entered a slave society.

Since then, war has become a political tool and the highest means of class struggle. Private ownership, class oppression and the conflict of economic interests have become the basic roots of war. The wars of plunder and anti-plunder, oppression and anti-oppression, aggression and anti-aggression, hegemony and anti-hegemony, expansion and anti-expansion have become unique and inevitable phenomena in class society.

By the 1980s, there had been 1453 1 wars in the world, which lasted for more than 3,500 years. Imperialism and hegemonism are the roots of modern wars. At present and in the future, there are many factors leading to war.

Among them, the main factors are competing for spheres of influence, territorial disputes, border disputes, plundering strategic resources, competing for markets, ideological struggles, religious contradictions, ethnic contradictions and so on. These factors are the direct causes of modern wars.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Cold Weapon Age

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Baidu encyclopedia-nuclear weapons

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