Eighth grade political knowledge point book 1
Lesson 8 Competition and Win-Win Cooperation
First, competition? Cooperation?
1. Two aspects of competition:
(1) Positive effects of competition P90 Paragraph 1
(2) Negative effects of competition P90, paragraph 2
2. The harm of jealousy P9 1
The rule of competition is fairness.
Morality and law are the basic principles that we must abide by in competition.
The purpose of the competition is to surpass ourselves, develop potential, stimulate learning enthusiasm, improve work efficiency, learn from each other's strengths and make progress together.
5. The importance of cooperation:
(1) Cooperation is the basis of sharing, and sharing is the inevitable result of cooperation. The core of cooperation is to develop the spirit of collectivism. In social life, no one can exist alone without the group, because the strength of the individual is limited after all. Only by cooperating with others can we have the courage to face difficulties and the strength to overcome them.
[2] The power of cooperation is enormous.
⑶ Cooperation is the soil for successful career. Cooperation can unite strength, inspire thinking, broaden horizons, stimulate creativity, and cultivate compassion, altruism and dedication. Sincere cooperation will enable us to share the joy of success, and mutual assistance and reciprocity will enable us to achieve greater victory.
Second, cooperation! Competition!
1. The relationship between competition and cooperation: interdependence, you have me and I have you.
2. The connotation of competition in cooperation
On the one hand, group cooperation encourages competition among members; On the other hand, the competition among members promotes the improvement of group competitiveness.
We learn the meaning of competition in cooperation.
Only by learning to compete in cooperation can we achieve full cooperation and reasonable competition. The harmony and unity of competition and cooperation will make our collective stronger and each of us will make faster progress.
4. How to "compete in cooperation"?
(1) To compete in cooperation, we should respect our competitors and learn from them. To learn from each other's strong points and make joint efforts is our competitive goal in cooperation.
(2) Competition is an effective way of cooperation. For us, we should be good at identifying our own advantages, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and dare to compete with others.
(3) Competing in cooperation, not judging heroes by success or failure. In the face of the success of the competition, we should make persistent efforts and make further progress. In the face of the failure of the game, we should sum up our experience and catch up.
2. Cooperation in competition
"Competition in cooperation and cooperation in competition" are two interdependent aspects.
The significance of cooperation in competition P98 Paragraph 1
How to "cooperate in competition"
Our cooperation in competition should embody the principle of "win-win".
Competitors can't repel each other, resulting in both losses, but should promote each other and improve together. This is the true meaning of cooperation in competition.
⑵ Handle your relationship with others. Learn to appreciate others, discover their strengths, and learn from others with an open mind; Learn to understand and forgive others, and don't hold grudges because of differences and misunderstandings during competition or cooperation.
⑶ "Cooperation in Competition" requires us to form a team spirit. The core of team spirit is collectivism, cooperation and sharing, willingness to contribute, and personal interests subordinate to team interests.
Meaning: Team spirit is a group spirit of consistency, mutual support, close cooperation and selfless dedication formed within the team.
Lesson 9 The heart is wider than the world of others.
First, a hundred rivers are full of tolerance.
1. All men are different.
(1) Tolerance refers to generosity and tolerance, and it is forgiveness and indifference to others.
(2) "Harmony without difference", seeking common ground while reserving differences is the basis of inclusive cooperation.
(3) Everyone makes mistakes and needs tolerance.
2. tolerate others and accept yourself.
The importance of tolerance:
Tolerance is a virtue. If we are tolerant, we can solve people's difficulties, make up for their mistakes, carry forward their advantages and forgive their shortcomings; If we are tolerant, we can win friendship and get more friends.
(2) Tolerance is a state. When a person sincerely tolerates the faults of others, his realm will rise to a higher level; When a person learns tolerance, he has mastered an effective method of self-improvement.
(3) Life experience tells us that we are good at tolerance and benefit others and ourselves. Tolerance allows the other party to learn from it and re-examine their behavior; Tolerance can keep you away from troubles and hatred and experience the peace and satisfaction of mind brought by tolerance.
3. Tolerance is principled, so we should pay attention to strategy.
4. Being tolerant of yourself means accepting yourself, that is, facing your true self realistically, instead of being critical, demanding or ashamed of yourself; Don't sell yourself short, completely deny yourself, and don't be conceited.
Second, put yourself in others' shoes and be kind to others.
1. Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you.
(1) "Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you" means: Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you.
What is the requirement of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you"?
The essence of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" is to care, respect and understand others.
(2) "I want to stand up and stand up, I want to touch people." Meaning: While seeking our own survival and development, we should also help others to survive and develop.
"I want to stand up and stand up. I want to touch people." What are the requirements for us? P 106
2. Understand first and be kind to others.
(1) The essence of empathy and kindness to others: put yourself in others' shoes, that is, think about what others think and understand first.
In communication, we need to understand and understand each other.
(2) Empathy
Empathy is a psychological experience process between people. Empathy is an indispensable psychological mechanism for understanding.
What does empathy require of us?
The essence of empathy: pay close attention to the communication object and go deep into each other's inner world.
(3) Learn to understand and appreciate others.
We should cherish the things around us more. The more grateful, the more understanding, the more friendly and the more loving we are.
Third, respect you, me and him equally.
1. All men are created equal.
(1) Expression of equality: Equality between people is concentrated in equality in personality and legal status.
In terms of personality, each of us is a subject with independent consciousness and has the dignity of being a human being, which should not be underestimated. In terms of legal status, each of us enjoys legal rights and fulfills legal obligations equally.
(2) Manifestations of inequality: wealth oppresses people, talents oppresses people, power oppresses people, and power oppresses people.
The difference between money and status cannot go beyond personal dignity, let alone the equality of people's legal status.
(3) How to treat the differences between people? P 1 10
(4) Pay attention to the disadvantaged groups: the disadvantaged groups in society (women, the elderly, minors, the disabled, migrant workers, laid-off workers, etc.). ), we should consciously safeguard their legitimate rights and interests and provide them with help within our ability.
2. Respect begins with me.
(1) Respect others: reasons, concrete manifestations (or how to respect others)
(2) Respect for society: reasons and concrete manifestations (or how to respect society)
(3) Respect for nature: reasons, concrete manifestations (or how to respect nature)
Lesson 10 Always be honest.
First of all, honesty is golden.
1. Keep your word and keep your promise.
(1) Integrity means honesty and trustworthiness. "Honesty" means being honest, upright, doing things honestly and seeking truth from facts; "Faith" means having credit, stressing credibility and keeping promises.
(2) the promise must be fulfilled
(3) the consequences of dishonesty
2. Be trustworthy to people and responsible for things.
(1) Keeping faith with people and being responsible for things are the basic requirements of honesty. It is a positive and responsible attitude to abide by credit and put it into concrete actions.
"Be an honest man and do things honestly" is the code of conduct that people advocate, and doing practical things is the guarantee of personal foothold and career success.
(2) Be cautious about promises.
(3) We should practice honesty and morality in big and small matters.
We should face up to the big and small things we do seriously. There are no big and small things in life. Life is made up of small things, and honesty is reflected in small things. When we do great things, we should also exercise restraint and organically unify our work with our life.
Second, be an honest person.
1. code of integrity
(1) the relationship between honesty and trust P 1 19
(2) the specific requirements of the code of good faith
Rule of Honesty 1: Insisting on seeking truth from facts is one of the rules of honesty. The basis of honesty is to respect objective facts. Realistically expressing the true colors of things is the starting point of honesty and trustworthiness.
Code of Integrity 2: When it comes to conflicts of interest, the code of integrity requires us to stand on the side of the interests of most people.
Code of good faith 3: When immediate interests conflict with long-term interests, the code of good faith requires us to stand on the side of long-term interests.
Rule 4 of good faith: In the case of conflict between emotion and law, the rule of good faith requires us to stand on the side of law.
2. Honest wisdom
(1) Combining the requirements of honesty with specific situations (2) The relationship between honesty and privacy P 122
(3) The relationship between honesty and lying P 123 (4) The core of honesty is kindness.
How to quickly recite political knowledge points
A, graphic memory method
Methods of improving memory effect by graphic memory method. The main feature of graphic memory method is "strong visualization".
There are two kinds of diagrams: intuitive and logical.
The design steps of the visual diagram are as follows:
1, according to the content of the concept or principle to be memorized, choose an example that is easy to be graphically represented;
2. Grasp the similarity between examples and concepts and principles to design graphics;
3. Organize the text of graphics.
The design steps of logical diagram are as follows:
1, find out the knowledge points contained in the theory;
2. According to the internal connection of knowledge points in theory, express it with simple words and lines.
Second, the list memory method
A memory method of comparing or contrasting related materials in the form of a list, so as to remember their characteristics and the relationship between materials.
There are many forms of lists, mainly including lists, explanatory tables, system tables, comparison tables, statistical tables and so on.
The main steps of the list are:
1, according to the needs of memory, first classify the materials and see what kind of charts are suitable for.
2. Find and summarize the main features and characteristics of materials, and compare the similarities and differences of different materials.
3, according to the specifications and forms of different types of forms.
4. Fill in the main contents of the materials one by one on the basis of the form.
There is no need to memorize by rote when using the list memory method, because often a chart is sorted out, and the brain has formed a deep imprint.
Third, summarize the memory method
The method of refining the materials to be memorized and grasping the key contents for memorization. This method is characterized by deleting complex and simplifying, high concentration and improving memory efficiency.
The specific methods of using generalized memory method are as follows:
1, abbreviation. Simplify and omit long words, names and concepts.
2. Content cohesion. For complex materials, we can find keywords from memory materials.
3. Key tips. Summarize the materials comprehensively and list the key points as a reminder of memory.
Fourth, regular memory method.
Find and deduce the essential and inevitable connection and memory method in remembering things. Because the law is universal and repetitive, as long as we grasp this commonality, we can connect it with personality.
Five, outline memory method
The outline memorization method is characterized by intuition, generality and strong organization.
I saw it once and was deeply impressed. This is its intuition. Simplify the complex and turn the many into the few, which is its commonality; Orderly and distinct, this is its orderliness. Writing an outline is the main thread of writing materials.
Six, fun memory method
Interest is closely related to memory. Direct interest in learning materials and things to remember is the internal motivation to promote people's effective memory.
The specific approach is:
1. Compile some learning materials into memorable stories and songs, or give them concrete and intuitive images;
2. Organize special lectures and defense meetings around learning materials, and organize various knowledge contests;
3. For the knowledge that is boring but needs to be memorized, it is necessary to "break through a little" in order to bring comprehensive interest;
4, use the method of induction to mobilize interest, and keep interest at an appropriate pace.
How should political achievements be improved?
Preview before politics class
/kloc-read through the textbook in 0/0 minutes, draw the unknown knowledge points with watercolor pen, and draw the important and difficult points with guiding plan. If you have confidence in yourself, you should do some exercises after class. It doesn't matter if you can't do it, because the teacher didn't say it.
Attend a political class.
Listen to the teacher carefully and keep up with the pace of the teacher; Take notes carefully and don't be distracted. Focus on what you can't preview. The focus is on the common points that teachers talk about in class, such as definitions. And listen to what you can't preview.
Review politics after class.
Reviewing the past and learning the new is actually taking yesterday's knowledge to learn today; Yesterday is knowledge, today is knowledge. Politics is a subject based on memory. Only by reviewing knowledge points frequently can we improve our academic performance.
Eighth grade encyclopedia volume 1 related articles on political knowledge points;
★ People's Education Edition Grade 8 Volume 1 Political Knowledge Points
★ Political knowledge points in the first volume of the second day of the Ministry
★ Summary of eighth grade political knowledge points
★ Summary of political knowledge points in the first volume of the eighth grade
★ Complete works of political preparation knowledge points in the first volume of the eighth grade.
★ The first volume of the eighth grade political midterm examination paper contains the answer.
★ People's Education Edition Grade 8 Politics Volume 1 Review Outline
★ Summary of knowledge points in the first volume of eighth grade politics (2)
★ The first volume of the eighth grade political unit 1 knowledge points
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