I'm a counselor. I'd like to introduce how psychological counselors do counseling and how visitors can cooperate to make counseling achieve the expected results.

According to the textbook "Professional Qualification Examination for Psychological Counselors", psychological counseling is to help clients solve psychological problems through various techniques and methods by professionals, that is, psychological counselors, using psychology and related knowledge and following psychological principles.

By definition, psychological counselors need to understand the experience of visitors, explain the causes of psychological problems, explain the principle and pain of each attack of visitors, and give scientific, feasible and easy-to-operate rehabilitation ideas and routes according to the situation of visitors.

As a visitor, we should actively cooperate with the consultant, do not conceal the information the consultant needs, consult on time, and complete relevant homework according to the requirements of the consultant, such as experience, reflection, relaxation training and so on.

Because psychological counselors are a relatively new profession, there are not many mature and capable psychological counselors, and their ability to solve psychological problems is not strong. Visitors and their families also have some vague understanding that psychological counseling is just a chat and does not cooperate well. Therefore, the improvement of psychological counseling and the improvement of its effect are a slow process and take a long time.

Hello, let me answer this question. I can have a preliminary understanding of psychological counseling through the following aspects.

First, what is psychological counseling

Psychological counseling refers to the process of giving psychological help and seeking solutions to people with psychological adaptation problems by using psychological methods. People who need to solve problems and come for help are called visitors or customers, and consultants who provide help are called consultants. Visitors tell, ask and discuss their psychological discomfort or obstacles through language, writing and other communication media. With their support and help, we can find out the causes of psychological problems through joint discussion, analyze the crux of the problem, and then seek the conditions and countermeasures to get rid of the predicament and solve the problem, so as to restore psychological balance, improve the adaptability to the environment and improve physical and mental health.

Second, under what circumstances do you need psychological counseling?

Some people misunderstand that only mental patients or mental patients need psychological counseling. In fact, psychological counseling has two common purposes:

1, self-growth

Learn more about yourself through consultation and become a better self. Teacher Zeng Qifeng, a psychologist, once said that it is a wise and elegant choice to find someone to do psychological analysis when you have money and leisure. Because it can let you know yourself, so you can live slowly and calmly.

Step 2 Treat psychological problems

For example, if you have been depressed for more than two weeks, your interest has declined for more than two weeks, and your thinking and actions have been slow for more than two weeks, all these signs indicate that your mind has caught a cold. You can find a professional psychological counselor and restore your mental health by establishing a consulting relationship. But remember, only psychiatrists can diagnose and prescribe drugs. Counselors can't diagnose mental illness for you, but they can get to know you through relationships and communication.

General psychological counseling can solve: emotional, state, mild and moderate psychological problems. If it is a serious psychological disorder and needs the support of drugs, the psychological counselor will recommend you to go to the hospital for diagnosis after preliminary evaluation, and ask the psychologist to prescribe drugs to cooperate with psychological counseling. In addition, you must follow the doctor's advice when taking the medicine, and you can't stop taking the medicine and change the dose without authorization.

Third, the setting of psychological counseling.

1. Appointment: On the one hand, it is to avoid frequent random contact during consultation, which will make visitors feel unsafe. On the other hand, it is also to ensure that the consultant has a rest time, so that he can have enough time to sort out his thoughts after consultation and prepare for the next visitor. Psychological counselors generally do not accept temporary visitors unless it is a crisis intervention.

2. Charge: It is a necessary setting in the psychological counseling industry, and the effect of free psychological counseling is not good. The setting of consulting fee can effectively promote visitors' stronger initiative motivation and stimulate their potential to solve problems.

3. Setting of consultation time: The setting of psychological consultation time is generally: individual consultation is 50 minutes/time; 90 minutes/time for couples and family consultation; Group consultation is 90 minutes/time. The frequency of consultation is generally 1-2 times/week. The frequency can be discussed with the consultant according to the actual consultation demand, and the consultation frequency will be adjusted according to the consultation process or goal. Psychological counseling is charged according to the agreed starting and ending time, and even if it is late, it ends according to the agreed time. Counseling courses range from several months to several years.

4. Abide by the principle of confidentiality: this is the basis for establishing and maintaining the trust relationship between consultants and visitors, and it is also the guarantee for the credibility of consulting work. No matter in individual consultation or group consultation, we should strictly abide by the principle of confidentiality and respect the personal privacy of visitors, unless it involves confidentiality exceptions such as endangering the safety of ourselves or others. If the case discussion or teaching is required due to professional needs, the written consent of the visitors should be obtained, and relevant information that can identify the visitors should be hidden.

Fourth, how to choose a good consultant

When you decide to do psychological counseling, you have taken the first step to face the problem bravely. Generally speaking, it is best to choose a local psychologist for face-to-face consultation, and the effect is the best.

1. When choosing a consultant, you should pay attention to check his/her professional qualifications and know his/her organization. The first one or two times is a two-way selection process, establishing the relationship between consultation and interview.

2. Counselors and visitors are also matched. Choose a counselor who suits you, that is, a counselor who makes you feel comfortable and trustworthy. If the psychologist's personal style doesn't suit you, please refer to it in time. There's nothing to be ashamed of. After all, we paid for it.

3. If psychologists exaggerate their abilities too much, for example, some family arrangers who use family arrangement technology claim that they can use cosmic energy, and some hypnotists claim that they can let you go back to the third generation, please use critical thinking in time, clear your mind and apply for referral.

Fifth, the effect of psychological counseling.

1, an effective factor of psychological counseling

1) Establish a harmonious and trusting consulting relationship between consultants and visitors, or a professional relationship of interpersonal communication.

2) visitors' strong attitude towards the motivation of seeking treatment, and their confidence and awareness of exploring changes. It is the biggest variable that affects the consulting effect.

3) There is a set of theories and methods that both sides believe in.

4) The characteristics of consultants. Accurate empathy, unrequited enthusiasm and sincere attitude, rich theoretical foundation and skillful consulting skills are very important for achieving positive consulting results.

5) Promote the cognitive change, emotional adjustment and behavior improvement of visitors. The ultimate goal of all consultations is to inspire visitors to change their self-awareness and stimulate their ability to cope with emergencies.

2. Evaluation of consulting effect

1) visitors' self-evaluation of the consulting effect. Just like a patient who used to have a stomachache, now he says that his stomach is gone and he feels good about himself.

2) The recovery of social function of visitors. The psychological problems that used to affect social functions have now been restored. For example, I didn't want to go to work at first, but now I can go to work normally, and then I can interact with people normally, which improves the efficiency of work and study.

3) The evaluation of visitors by people around you, especially family, friends and colleagues. For example, others report that tourists stop losing their temper, throw things and get along well with their parents.

4) Comparison of psychometric results of visitors before and after consultation. For example, through counseling, the scale scores of some psychological symptoms of visitors have been changed, which shows what effect counseling has achieved.

5) The improvement degree of some symptoms of visitors.

When evaluating the consulting effect, it is necessary to dynamically and comprehensively analyze various related factors and consider the social and cultural background in order to make the most reasonable analysis.

Psychology teacher Zuo Shu is happy to answer your questions!

I am a psychological counselor who is engaged in psychological consultation. I usually like to write some small articles. You mentioned ""

Do you know anything about psychological counseling? I wrote an article on this issue before and published it on the WeChat platform, just to share it with you.

First, psychological counseling is an exotic product.

As we know, psychological counseling is an exotic product. For its explanation, let's first look at the definition of foreign insiders.

The British Psychological Counseling Association (BAC) explains psychological counseling in this way. The word psychological counseling implies working with different individuals, or referring to a relationship between psychological counselors and visitors that may be helpful to them, giving them active support in times of crisis, giving them psychotherapy, or guiding them to help others solve problems.

Although this explanation makes clear the essence and working state of psychological counseling, it is too complicated, but it also conforms to the thinking characteristics of the British.

Second, how do domestic psychological counseling circles interpret psychological counseling?

Above, we introduced the foreign explanations of psychological counseling. Let's take a look at the definition of psychological counseling in China. This definition is the definition of psychological counseling in Chapter 6 of Psychological Counseling, which was compiled by China Employment Training Technical Guidance Center and China Mental Health Association after the national professional qualification of psychological counselors was promulgated in 2002. This textbook holds that psychological counseling is a process in which psychological counselors help clients solve psychological problems. The editor thinks this is a broad explanation, which refers to a professional activity, including various statements about psychological counseling; Rather than in a narrow sense, it only refers to specific "psychological consultation" such as psychoanalysis. I agree with this definition, which is concise and to the point, pointing directly to the essence of the problem.

Third, psychological counseling is a method to help people solve psychological confusion.

Psychological counseling, as a method to soothe the individual's mind, what does it mean in the eyes of ordinary people?

From the beginning of the 20th century, 1900 Austrian psychiatrist Freud used psychoanalysis to treat visitors in Vienna. From 65438 to 0907, American psychologist William Vitmer founded the Journal of Clinical Psychology and Children's Behavior Correction. Since the birth of psychological counseling as a professional practice and theoretical discipline, there have been various definitions. Each school of psychological counseling is explained from its own academic background and development, and each definition emphasizes different ideas and principles of psychological counseling as a way of helping.

According to the statistics of John mcleod, a professor of psychological counseling in university of abertay dundee, England in 2000, before 1980, there were more than 400 theories (schools) of psychological counseling and psychotherapy in the world. After entering the 1980 s, there has been a trend of integration and unification of various theories. Psychology and medical circles generally believe that psychoanalysis (psychodynamics), cognitive behaviorism, humanism and family therapy represent the most basic characteristics of human emotional and behavioral problems, and also reflect the development trend of psychology.

The above answers are for your reference only. I hope my answer can help you.

Thanks again for the invitation!

I studied psychological counseling when I was in graduate school, and later I engaged in some internships and jobs related to counseling.

I don't know what I know about psychological counseling. But I can talk about my own ideas.

From different schools, different theories and different angles, we all have our own perspectives to understand psychological distress, such as our personality development, our ability to resist stress, our emotional adjustment and so on.

But no matter how we analyze it, we all know one thing: for a long time, there will be some moments that make you feel helpless and sleepy.

At this time, two factors help us. One is our own internal strength, which can be varied. Whether it is your willpower, your optimism, your excellent adjustment ability, your expectation for the future, or some wonderful life experiences in the past, these are your internal resources. Another factor is your external resources, including your friends, your family, your kind and friendly interpersonal relationships, etc.

Of course, sometimes these two aspects are ineffective, or it may be that this is too difficult. And your resources are scarce. At this time, you need another kind of energy to help you, guide you and explore with you why you are so difficult. This energy can have many functions, it can be companionship, it can be guidance, it can be helping you.

But the end point is that we have to come out together. This energy that we can borrow may be psychological counseling.

I think we have all met such a moment, and we all need such a person to accompany us to help us see ourselves clearly and repair ourselves slowly.

My humble opinion.

Psychological counseling is a major, that is, psychological counselors, who use psychology and related knowledge, follow psychological principles, and help clients solve psychological problems through various techniques and methods.

This is the definition of psychological counseling in textbooks.

Everyone has his own understanding of "what is psychological counseling", and psychological counselors with different backgrounds may have different answers to this question, which are all correct.

In my opinion, among the knowledge to be used in psychological consultation, psychological knowledge is only the foundation, and in fact it is more of that kind of "related knowledge". "Related knowledge" includes attainments in philosophy, nature, society, art, literature, history and other fields, the interpersonal skills, psychological counseling ability, personal experience and supervision of consultants, and the relatively mature and perfect personality of consultants is particularly important.

What problems can't psychological counseling solve?

First of all, psychological counseling can't help you judge whether your boyfriend really loves you or not, and there's no way to persuade you to divorce-but psychological counseling can help you identify your own needs, let you see your role and position in this intimate relationship, and at the same time enable you to make appropriate choices for yourself.

Secondly, psychological counseling can't help you solve the problem of your boss's wage arrears, nor can it help you find a new job that makes you satisfied-but psychological counseling can let you see the responsibilities you need to bear in some cases, how you should mobilize your own resources to effectively deal with the external environment, and psychological counseling can also help you recognize your potential advantages and find a development field that suits you, especially the internal strength that can carry forward your advantages.

Finally, some people mistakenly think that psychological counseling is "to make me feel better", but in fact it is just the opposite. In the process of psychological counseling, visitors' feelings are often ups and downs, and overall they are mixed. In the consulting room, some visitors need to go back and experience those traumatic experiences according to their different problems and the counselor's learning background, so as to release the negative emotions accumulated in their bodies and liberate their hearts.

What problems can psychological counseling solve?

Through psychological counseling, people can learn more about themselves, know what needs they have, what expectations they have for themselves and others, and what ways they can help them meet their needs, especially what they are worried about.

Through psychological counseling, people can have the opportunity to see their true selves, strive to be their true selves, participate in relationships and society in a way that is conducive to happiness, remove psychological obstacles that affect success and happiness, and then harvest the life they really want.

Through psychological counseling, people can have the opportunity to repair the psychological trauma caused by their early experiences, make their emotions more healthy and stable, and thus be intimate and harmonious in social, career and emotional relationships, while maintaining boundaries.

For those who need psychological counseling, he or she must first understand that psychological counseling has nothing to hide, and the inner entanglement must be opened, so that your doubts can be answered and your body and mind will be healthier. At the same time, the society should also popularize the common sense of psychological counseling, so that people can know more and better about psychological counseling!

I have consulted for more than 200 hours, and I have also provided thousands of hours of consultation as a full-time psychological counselor. I am familiar with it.

Psychological counseling refers to the process of giving psychological help and seeking solutions to people with psychological adaptation problems by using psychological methods. Psychological counseling is generally conversational and non-drug, which is used to solve various psychological problems such as marital feelings and workplace stress. For serious mental-related diseases, such as schizophrenia and major depression, you need to go to a psychiatric department for treatment. When hallucinations and suicidal thoughts are basically controlled, psychological counseling can be assisted.

I am a psychology major. I'll get it.

Many psychologists will also feel confused, because the research object is psychological phenomenon, and this potential non-objective factor is influenced by many factors. But there is a sentence that well expresses the significance of psychology: "society has expectations for us!" " "

In reality, someone always tells you not to think too much, to look forward and to read between the lines. You should forget this unpleasant past, but that's just a way to avoid and escape. It doesn't solve the problem in essence, just like you swept a pile of moldy food under the carpet. On the surface, that pile of garbage disappeared, but in fact, it didn't disappear, but it was hidden under the carpet and corroded your carpet. Until it rotten a corner, let you suffer more losses. Now, you learn to live in peace with the original mental pain, and relieve and recognize those things through scientific psychological adjustment, just like sweeping that pile of garbage out from under the carpet, so that it will no longer interfere with your emotions and torture your mind.

Simply put, with the continuous development of society, many times we will encounter all kinds of mental and psychological shocks, and everyone will have imperfect experiences and traumatic experiences. Just like the study after the earthquake, your beloved books were shattered and scattered all over the floor. What psychology should do is to rearrange this messy place. Many negative experiences are like some negative seeds. Once buried, they may grow evil fruits. The ultimate goal of psychological counseling is simple: "You can rely on your own strength to return to inner peace and experience the happiness that has disappeared for a long time."

I need to emphasize that in many societies, practitioners under the brand of psychological consultation are not real psychologists. Because the construction of psychology in China is still gradually improving, many people just made profits under the banner of psychology in the early days.