According to Records of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi walked into Yuanmingyuan five times. The first time was November 11th, the 46th year of Kangxi. At that time, Yuanmingyuan was Yin's imperial garden.
The last time Emperor Kangxi walked into Yuanmingyuan was on March 25th, Kangxi 6 1 year. Emperor Kangxi, 69, Yong Zhengdi, 45, and Emperor Qianlong, 12, had a historic meeting, which was the only meeting recorded in the history books. Now it seems that this garden should be carefully decorated by Yong Zhengdi. Emperor Kangxi especially liked peony flowers. Yong Zhengdi built a peony pavilion in Yuanmingyuan and invited his father to watch it. When Emperor Kangxi was in high spirits, he saw his grandson Li Hong, the later Emperor Qianlong, among the flowers.
Emperor Kangxi had 35 sons and more than 50 grandchildren. Most of these grandchildren have never even seen grandpa's face. It's the first time that Emperor Qianlong has grown so big. It is said that Emperor Kangxi especially liked his wit and intelligence, and later praised the mother of Emperor Qianlong in person for giving birth to such a good son, which was a "blessed person". In this way, Emperor Kangxi made an exception and brought Li Hong to his side to raise him. First I lived with him in Changchun Garden, and then I took him to the summer resort, which lasted for nearly half a year until Emperor Kangxi died in Changchun Garden this winter.
There has always been such a saying in history. It was precisely because Emperor Kangxi took a fancy to his grandson Li Hongzhang that he finally surrendered the Qing Dynasty to Yong Zhengdi. After Emperor Long ascended the throne, he specially inscribed the plaque of "Ji 'en Hall" on the Peony Pavilion. On the one hand, he expressed his gratitude to his grandfather, and at the same time, he said that he would never forget that he made his fortune here.
As a royal garden, Yuanmingyuan got rid of the high walls of the Forbidden City, the hot summer and the monotony of lattice buildings. Because of this, Yuanmingyuan became the place where emperors Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng lived and lived for many years, until Emperor Xianfeng fled to Jehol in the Second Opium War, and the park was burned by British and French invaders. As Emperor Qianlong said in his poem, "The Forbidden City is surrounded by red walls, so it is better to have a garden."
The emperor usually moved from the Forbidden City to Yuanmingyuan before the Lantern Festival in January. The empress dowager, the queen's concubine, the prince and princess and other family members also moved into the garden. After winter, the emperor's family moved back to the palace ouchi from Yuanmingyuan. Twice a year, it was called "big relocation" at that time. After Yong Zhengdi ascended the throne, according to the requirements of etiquette system in Qing Dynasty, he stayed in mourning for his father for 27 months in the palace, and then he was able to enter Yuanmingyuan as an emperor for the first time in August of Yongzheng three years. After that, he lived in Yuanmingyuan for a long time every year, with the shortest 185 days and the longest 247 days, until he died in Yuanmingyuan on August 23, 2003. 1 1 year, Yong Zhengdi visited Yuanmingyuan 47 times, staying for 23 14 days, with an average of 2 10 days per year. Almost two-thirds of the time was spent in Yuanmingyuan.
Just like the Forbidden City in Yuanmingyuan, the previous achievements were wasted, and the subsequent achievements were wasted. The bedrooms in Yuanmingyuan are mainly concentrated in Qingyan Scenic Area in Kyushu, which is located in the north of Guangming Hall in Zheng Da, where the emperor handles state affairs. The former dynasty and the harem are on the same axis. The palace is located on an island, with lakes in front and back, and four bridges across the stream on the left and right.
The Qingyan Temple in Kyushu is the master bedroom of the emperor, which is equivalent to the hall of mental cultivation in the Forbidden City. Since the early years of Yongzheng, there have been bedrooms in the hall for Kang heating, which are called Dongnuange and Xinuange respectively. According to records, during the Qianlong period, whenever winter came, 324 heating stoves were installed in the bedroom of the emperor's empresses in Yuanmingyuan. During the Daoguang period, there were three temples in the west of Qingyan Temple, Kyushu. Emperor Xianfeng likes to live in this hall. In the eleventh year of Xianfeng, when Emperor Xianfeng died in the summer resort, in order to prevent the minister from monopolizing power, he specially gave a seal of "Imperial Reward" and a seal of "Disciple" to the five-year-old emperor, and asked the court decree to affix these two seals before it could take effect. Empress Dowager Cixi is the biological mother of the little emperor, and the seal of Tong Ren Tang is in her charge. Later, Empress Dowager Cixi and others finally staged a coup and let them listen to politics.
When the emperor lived in Yuanmingyuan, his ministers followed him to study in the garden. In the Qing dynasty, the prince was called the elder brother, and the elder brother's study was called the "upper study". The upper study room of Yuanmingyuan is located in the depth of Fuyuan Gate in the east of Qian Chao District, separated from the Ruyi Hall of the Royal Academy of Painting by a wall. It consists of two small islands connected to the north and south. Yong Zhengdi's autographed "Sven Zaizi" and other four plaques hung in the hall.
The prince officially entered school at the age of 6, and the instructor was appointed by the emperor. The class time is from 5 am to 2: 30 pm, and then we have dinner together after school. The afternoon course is military training. Martial arts training places are called high mountains and flowing water, which also have different meanings. According to the records in the archives, the prince only has five days off to study in a year, and only New Year's Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, the emperor's birthday and his own birthday can relax.
According to the records of the Qing dynasty, there were 2000 servants in this garden at its peak. There are not only officials, eunuchs and maids in charge of garden affairs, but also craftsmen, farmers, sericulturists, lamas and Taoist priests.
There were 620 eunuchs in the heyday of Yuanmingyuan. They are mainly responsible for the daily life of the emperor's empresses. One of them is a skilled eunuch, who is usually responsible for guarding and practicing pike, broadsword and bow and arrow. It was these highly skilled eunuchs who, when the invaders invaded Yuanmingyuan later, picked up the backward weapons in their hands and made some tenacious resistance, and finally won a sigh of relief for the people of China.
Let's talk about the craftsman service in the garden. In the fifty-two years of Qianlong, the number of craftsmen in Yuanmingyuan was 667, and it increased to 908 in the ten years of Jiaqing. Their responsibilities are very detailed: 703 gardeners are responsible for the sanitation of the park; 54 gardeners, responsible for garden maintenance and flower placement; 54 doormen, responsible for opening and closing the inlet and outlet water gates; There are also three sailors in charge of the emperor's cruise ship Fengxiang in the park for many years. There are 184 boats in the park, which are mainly managed by eunuchs.
Since the second year of Yongzheng, Yuanmingyuan has set up a special barracks, which consists of the Eight Banners Barracks and the Three Banners Barracks of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The Yuanmingyuan military camp has a maximum of 6847 people and a maximum of 3244 official horses. Around Yuanmingyuan, a total of 133 outposts are set up.
Around Yuanmingyuan, eight barracks were built to protect the army. The Eight Banners system in Qing Dynasty is a combination of military and civilian, which is not only an army organization, but also a household registration organization. The top officer of each battalion, the battalion, always has 12 houses, which are decreasing in turn, but ordinary soldiers also give three houses for their wives and children to live in. It is entirely conceivable that the security forces are not very effective in getting married and having children. The weapons and equipment of the barracks are mainly pike, bow and arrow, broadsword and so on. A shotgun that can shoot the shot put is considered as a "sharp weapon in the army".
In ad