Unify the whole country in 280.

2. The Eight Kings Rebellion:

In 290 AD, Sima Yan died, and his son Sima Zhong, who succeeded to the throne, was mentally handicapped, while Empress Jia Nanfeng took power.

In order to seize power, Empress Jia colluded with the vassal states, which led to Sima's Eight Kings leading troops into Beijing to seize power, and triggered the civil war of 16 "Eight Kings Rebellion".

3, five sloppy China

In 304 AD, Li Xiong, the leader of the Miao people, became the king of Chengdu.

Liu Yuan, a Hun, set out from Shanxi.

The country began to split.

Liu Yuan died in 3 10, and his son Liu Cong succeeded him.

The following year, he invaded Luoyang and took control of the Jin royal family.

Sima Ye succeeded to the throne in Chang 'an.

In 3 16, Liu Yao attacked Chang 'an, killed Sima Ye the following year, and the Western Jin Dynasty perished.

The northern region entered the era of five lakes and sixteen countries.

After 4.3 17, in the Sixteen Kingdoms Period of Wuhu:

The north has been in a melee. Han and Zhao were destroyed by the post-Zhao of Schleswig, and the post-Zhao was destroyed by Mr. Murong's former Yan.

The former Qin annexed the former Yan and the former Liang, captured Sichuan recovered by the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and unified the north.

Then he wanted to go south to destroy the Eastern Jin Dynasty. As a result, it was defeated in the Battle of Feishui in 383 and soon perished.

The north is divided into Houqin, Beiyan, Beiliang, Xia Dynasty and Southern Yan.

The south is quite stable.

The landlords in the south of the Yangtze River made Si Marui emperor and established the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

5. Southern and Northern Dynasties:

Southern Dynasties: The Eastern Jin Dynasty destroyed Cheng Han, Southern Yan and the later Qin Dynasty and became a separatist regime south of the Huaihe River.

In 420, Emperor Wudi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty forced Emperor Gong of the Eastern Jin Dynasty to give way, and the country was named Song, and history entered the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Song was the first of the four generations in the Southern Dynasties.

In 479, Xiao Daocheng, the secretariat of Southern Yanzhou, took advantage of political chaos to destroy the Song Dynasty and proclaimed himself emperor, with the same title, that is, the second generation of Southern Dynasties.

In 502 AD, the royal family ZSZSZSZ set out from Xiangyang to attack Jiankang, the national title Liang, and the Southern Qi perished.

Xiao Yan reuse villain Hou Jing, physical death.

Chen Baxian attacked Jiankang in the name of eliminating Hou Jing and established the Chen Dynasty.

Northern dynasties:

The Northern Wei Dynasty destroyed Beiyan, Beiliang and Xia, and unified the North in 439.

In 493, Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital to Luoyang to promote the integration of all ethnic groups into the Han nationality.

In 523, Six Towns Rebellion broke out in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and its strength was greatly damaged.

In 528, the change of the river yin broke out and the central government fell into chaos.

In 53 1 year, Gao Huan, the secretariat of Jinzhou, took the opportunity to capture Luoyang and made Yuan Emperor.

Control state affairs.

In 534, Xiu Yuan didn't want to be a puppet, so he fled to Chang 'an and took refuge in Yu Wentai. The following year, Xiu Yuan fell out with Yu Wentai and was poisoned by Yu Wentai.

Yu Wentai made Yuanbao the emperor, with Chang 'an as its capital, namely the Western Wei Dynasty.

At the same time, Gao Huan established Yuanshan Bamboo Slips as the emperor and his capital in the Eastern Wei Dynasty.

The Northern Wei Dynasty officially split.

In 550, Gao Yang, the son of Gao Huan, abolished the Eastern Wei Dynasty, became emperor and established the Northern Qi Dynasty.

In 557, Yu Wentai's son Yu Wenjue abolished the Western Wei Dynasty and established the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

In 577, the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Northern Qi and unified North China.

In 58 1 year, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, Duke of Northern Zhou Dynasty, Zen, and Emperor Jingdi of Northern Zhou Dynasty established Sui Dynasty.

In 589, Jiankang was invaded and Nanchen perished.

In 590, he marched into Lingnan and formally unified the whole country.

Historical expansion information after Sui Dynasty;

Sui dynasty:

Sui Wendi Sui Wendi made many reforms.

Politically, he strengthened feudal centralization of authority by establishing a political system of "three provinces and six departments"; Economically, he adopted the farmland system since the Northern Dynasties, which promoted the development of agriculture.

Culturally, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty admired Buddhism.

Shortly after Yang Di ascended the throne, Yang Guang carried out excessive and cruel expropriation and rule, which led to a large-scale peasant uprising and the collapse of Sui Dynasty rule. Yang Guang caused extremely serious chaos at the end of Sui Dynasty, resulting in a sharp drop in population to more than 2 million households, leaving a serious division at the end of Sui Dynasty.

the Tang Dynasty

When Li Yuanli Shimin started his army, there was only one place in Taiyuan. After he entered Guanzhong, Li Yuan established the Tang Dynasty in 6 18.

Later, Li Yuan and Li Shimin gradually eliminated many separatist forces at the end of the Sui Dynasty in the Tang Dynasty, unified them and ended the chaos at the end of the Sui Dynasty.

After Li Shimin acceded to the throne, he conquered many foreign enemies such as Turkic, Tuyuhun, Western Regions and Xueyantuo, and expanded and occupied Hetao, Monan, Mobei, Western Regions and Annan, and established rule in these areas, which enabled the Tang Dynasty to rule these areas for a long time.

Politically, the Tang Dynasty perfected the political system of "three provinces and six departments"; Improve the education system; A more complete law has been promulgated.

Economically, the implementation of the land equalization system, rewarding land reclamation and stabilizing farmers' lives have further freed farmers from the semi-serf-like personal attachment in Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties and achieved a relatively independent position.

Tang adopted a loose policy on commerce, convenient transportation, unified currency and weights and measures, and commodity trade and cultural exchanges were unprecedentedly active.

In the capital Chang 'an, there are as many as "220 trips" by Chinese and foreign businessmen. It is a place where envoys and business people gather, and it is also an open international city.

The handicraft industry in the Tang Dynasty was also very developed, with both government-run workshops and private workshops. Silk, gold and silver wares and "Three Colors of the Tang Dynasty" have all reached the point of perfection.

In the Tang Dynasty, Confucianism was no longer "exclusive", but allowed Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism to coexist, which objectively promoted political opening and national integration and promoted economic, cultural and artistic prosperity.

The strength of the Tang Dynasty was strong, its prestige spread far and wide in East Asia, and there were few foreign invasions. Most farmers are exempt from military service.

In this fresh and free air, people in the Tang Dynasty were full of self-confidence and formed a noble, free, generous, cheerful and healthy style in culture.

Before and after the prosperous Tang Dynasty, prose, poetry, legends, architecture, music, painting, sculpture, acrobatics, dance, calligraphy and arts and crafts all made rapid achievements, reaching prosperity far beyond the Qin and Han Dynasties.

The Tang Dynasty dared and was willing to absorb foreign cultures and integrate the cultures of all ethnic groups in China. Its literature and art had distinct characteristics of the times in both content and form.

The spread of the culture of the Tang Dynasty overseas had a far-reaching impact on Iran, Japan, Korea, the South Asian subcontinent, the Eastern Roman Empire and even Africa.