In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen (1643), he and Du, a friend from the same county, organized the "Southwest Friendship Association" (later changed to "Qiuzi Association") and became the descendants of the "Jizi Association". The following spring, the peasant uprising swept the north. Wan Chun claimed to be "Jiangzuo Youth" and wrote to 40 hometown Kunming, asking for volunteers to contribute to the emperor.
In the second year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1645), the Qing soldiers went south, and at the end of Chun Dynasty (15), they rebelled with their father and teacher in Songjiang. After the failure, Xia drowned himself. However, he followed Chen Zilong to contact the Taihu Rebel, advised Wu Yi, the leader of the Rebel, and continued to engage in anti-Qing activities. Not only that, the rebels in Taihu Lake were surrounded and destroyed. Escape after a spring outing. The will to regain the light is unshakable. Due to the distress of state affairs, he wrote "The Great Funeral", which was brilliant in literary talent and sad in love words. Everyone who saw it sighed and was surprised.
In the spring of the fourth year of Shunzhi, the Ming emperor named Xia as "Wenzhong" and granted Chun as the Sheren of Zhongshu. Chun wrote a thank-you list, together with a list of dozens of people who resisted the Qing Dynasty and regained sight, and gave it to Xie, a scholar who specializes in maritime correspondence, and sent him to Zhoushan to dedicate it to King Lu. Xie was waiting for the boat at Que, but was captured by Qing soldiers and put in the prison of Wu Taishou. After the failure of Wu's anti-Qing movement, the Qing authorities got all the books written by Chun and others, so Hong Chengchou, the military governor of Nanjing, obeyed the will of the Qing Regent and ordered the arrest according to the roster to ensure that the gang was caught in the net.
Wan Chun took refuge in Jiashan's father-in-law's house, but was secretly prevented from going west. He returned to Songjiang, decided to cross the sea to Wang Lu, and then made a big plan. Unfortunately, he was arrested by the Qing authorities at the end of June and taken to Nanjing for trial. When the ship passed by Xilin Mountain (Chenshan Mountain), I thought of my teacher Chen Zilong and wrote a poem "Night Crying in Xilin Mountain" to express my condolences. The boat crossed the Wujiang River and wrote a poem "Night Crying in Wujiang River" in memory of Wu Yi.
When he was taken to Nanking, Hong Chengchou personally interrogated him and persuaded him to surrender, saying, "What does a child know? How can you call a soldier a traitor? Fall into the thief's middle ear by mistake! When you surrender, you won't lose your official position. " Wan Chun stood upright, didn't kneel, pretended not to know that the interrogator was Hong Chengchou, and replied loudly: "I heard that Mr. Hengjiu (Hong Chengchou) was an outstanding figure in the dynasty, and the battle between Songshan and Xingshan was bloody. The first emperor mourned for the T-shirt and moved Hua Yi. I have always admired his loyalty. Young as he is, how can he die and serve his country? " When the left and right officers told him that the "adult" in his class was Hong Chengchou, Wan Chun even said quietly, "Mr. Hengjiu has been dead for a long time, and the world has heard about it. He once offered sacrifices to seven altars, and the son of heaven came in person and left with tears in his eyes, and his ministers sobbed. How inverse acts you are to pretend to be his name and be loyal to you! " Hong Chengchou was flustered and speechless. At that time, Qian Chang was also arrested and was very depressed. Wan Chun encouraged him to say, "If you are generous to your husband, wouldn't it be a great husband to see Chen Gong underground?" Make money all night. Talking and laughing in prison. The poem written from arrest to imprisonment, entitled "Southern Crown Grass", is a work dedicated to the world, hurting people, caring for friends and mourning the dead. It is generous and sad and has been passed down through the ages. Based on his father's collection of political essays "Continued Records", this paper analyzes the reasons for the demise of the Hong Guang Dynasty in the Southern Ming Dynasty. As the saying goes, "Du Nan government, the smaller the territory, the bigger the official; The fewer counties, the bigger the officials; The poorer the wealth, the richer the official. It's called three evils. Third, if you oppose politics, Wu will not die? " Therefore, Guo Moruo marveled that "Wan Chun is not only a poet, but also a talented person who is ready for history." On September 19, he was taken to the source and beheaded. When he was executed, he stood without kneeling and looked the same. He was only 17 years old when he died. After his death, his friends Du and Shen collected his body and buried it next to the summer tomb in Dangwan Village.
Xia's father and son's tomb is located in the open space in the north of Dangwan Village in Xiaokunshan. There are platforms around the stone barge tomb. The cemetery is half-moon-shaped, about 2 meters high and 30 meters wide, covering an area of more than two acres. In 196 1, Comrade Chen Yi wrote "Tomb of Summer Peace" in ten big characters, and each word was full of gods, which reflected Mr. Chen's admiration and admiration for these two national heroes.
Xia Wanchun was born in Chongzhen for four years, namely 163 1. At this time, the Ming society was only 13 years away from extinction, which can be described as internal troubles and foreign invasion. Since the apocalypse, political abuse has made people poor and rich. Although Chongzhen was determined to save the defeat after taking office, it was already a spent force. In addition, he is headstrong, suspicious, unwilling to listen to harsh advice and trusting courting eunuchs. Therefore, he not only contributed to the sharpening of contradictions within the ruling class, but also "self-destructed the Great Wall", fell into a trap, killed Yuan Chonghuan and other loyal ministers, and gave the Qing soldiers outside the customs the opportunity to invade. At the same time, from 1628, a peasant uprising broke out in northern Shaanxi, where the famine was the worst. The embattled Emperor Chongzhen focused on "beating bandits", vigorously levied exorbitant taxes and levies, and arrested Ding Shenjun to deal with the peasant uprising, which made the country chaotic and politics out of control.
At the same time, in the south, where culture, ideology and commodity economy are relatively developed, the spirit of the times, which demands individual liberation and opposes the shackles of Neo-Confucianism, is also developing widely. Many literati, who are well-read in poetry and concerned about their country and people, form various schools or societies according to their own literary concepts or fields of activity to fight against decadent eunuchs. Including the famous Lindong Party. After the party, organized societies composed of middle and lower intellectuals of the landlord class and ordinary citizens appeared, and their father Xia was one of the founders of these societies. Xia Wanchun, a genius, was born in Huating County (now Songjiang County, Shanghai) in the south of the Yangtze River before the thunderstorm.
After birth, the Xia family was beaming, and relatives and friends came to congratulate them on giving birth to their son at the age of 35. The weaker Xia family finally survived. Everyone rushed to the cradle and praised the black-eyed baby for its fullness, intelligence and cuteness. At the moment, this child lying in the cradle is nicknamed Duan Ge, whose big name is Wan Chun, and whose old name is Xiao Yin. I don't know how good those people who are happy to bend over and watch him laugh are. Their talents and their teaching will affect his short life 17, and make this 17 year leave a glorious page in history forever, and because of him,
In literature, like Xia, he advocated inheriting the tradition of the seven sons in the early Ming Dynasty and the patriarchal clan system of poetry in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties in order to revitalize the national luck. His talents are well-known in the local and Jiangnan provinces, especially in not reading dead books and paying attention to current events, which is rare in the pedantic late Ming Dynasty. His hatred of eunuchs and sympathy for the people deeply touched the hearts of students, and Wan Chun's literary achievements were also deeply influenced by it.
Even now, his relationship with Xia Wanchun is very ideal and perfect. They were teachers and students, like-minded friends, and later became comrades-in-arms. His influence is no less than that of Xia.
Besides Chen Zilong, Wan Chun's teacher is Zhang Pu, a native of Taicang. He is one of the founders of Fu She, and his masterpiece "The Monument to the Tomb of Five People" has been read by people and selected as a textbook for senior high schools. Zhang Pu is also a good friend of Xia. He likes Wan Chun very much. He often patiently explained the difficult problems in the book to him, but he died young. He was only 40 when he died. At that time, Xia Wanchun was less than 12 years old.
Among the teachers who completed Chun were Shi Kefa and Huang Daozhou, the righteous men who fought against Qing Dynasty, and Wu Zhikui, who later worked as Chun's staff. On the other hand, their honest articles have brought Xia Wanchun a more rigorous and heroic education. In addition, it is worth mentioning that there are five special people who are "lifelong friends and mentors". In addition to the above-mentioned sister Hou Wenzhong and brother-in-law Qian, another person later died tragically. After the Qing soldiers entered Zhejiang, the Jinshi in Chongzhen was afraid of being pulled out to be an official and humiliated, and decided to die. But his family is very strict with him. One day, when his wife accidentally left, he blocked the door and hanged himself. After the family found out, they broke the wall and saved him. He was in pain and asked his family, "Why bother me!" Finally, he committed suicide. This kind of behavior was not uncommon among intellectuals at that time. Influenced by Confucian culture, they didn't sell themselves for glory like Hong Chengchou, nor did they live in seclusion to protect themselves, but vowed to die for justice. This spirit is extremely tragic.
One of the important reasons why I was lucky enough to meet so many good teachers is that Xia was not carried away by the praise of his son because of the influence of the traditional culture of the motherland for thousands of years. Instead, she clearly realized that her son must be educated in character and character, and chose a group of good teachers in this field for him. For this, Xia Wanchun will be grateful to his father all his life.
To sum up, Xia Wanchun's rapid growth and eventually becoming a young hero in history, in addition to his own good qualifications and subjective conditions of hard study, family background, family environment, education, friends, society and times all played a great role, and his words and deeds were guided by the belief of serving the country formed at an early age. The development of everything is from quantitative change to qualitative change. Little by little, the influence of the environment and the words and deeds of his elders for more than ten years laid a solid foundation for his outstanding performance in a special and great era.
After arriving in Changle county in the summer, he began to abolish the disadvantages, promote the advantages and eliminate the disadvantages, and vigorously carry out his own reform plan. The central content of his policy of governing the country is "using ancient religion". Because he is a man who advocates retro, he opposes the use of exorbitant taxes and levies on the people, advocates the people-oriented thought of "comforting the weak and warming up at home", and strives to realize what Confucius called "great harmony", that is, governing the society in the late Ming Dynasty with the way of the ancients. Because of his honesty and selflessness, and his familiarity with Confucian classics, he established a perfect legal system. And because he is good at judging difficult problems, Changle county is at peace with the people, and the people all applaud. Even people from other places came to ask Xia's adult to adjudicate disputes, and they were all satisfied.
In a short time, the Dashun regime in Li Zicheng controlled a vast area south of the Great Wall and north of the Huaihe River. The peasant army ordered the aristocratic bureaucrats of the Ming Dynasty to hand over huge sums of money, severely suppressed a number of big bureaucrats and landlords who committed the most heinous crimes, and at that time the poor applauded.
However, intellectuals and officials deeply influenced by feudal orthodoxy were deeply saddened to hear the news. This is a historical limitation and cannot be demanding. Because for literati, loyalty to the monarch and patriotism are intertwined and inseparable. Loyalty to the monarch is the pillar of feudal ethics. Without it, it is impossible to have the education of all intellectuals in Xia, Qing and feudal times. This restriction also gave the Qing rulers an excuse to unite with the Han landlord class to establish the Qing regime.
Xia, the demise of the Ming Dynasty and the emperor's suicide, which had been appreciated and promoted by Emperor Chongzhen, all dealt him a great blow. I lost my mother and my husband, and I have just achieved something in my career, and there is no way out. In an instant, he suddenly lost his goal in life.
Xia once visited Shi Kefa to discuss the restoration plan. Due to the rapid collapse of the Nanming regime, Xia failed to display his talents and still wanted to make a difference in this forest town. At that time, the rule of Manchu in Jiangnan was not stable, and there were many righteous teachers, and the residual military power of Ming Dynasty was also scattered among them. Therefore, Xia secretly wrote to his former student, Wu Zhikui, the deputy commander-in-chief of Jiangnan in the Ming Dynasty, to discuss the preparation of taking Suzhou together, then recovering Hangzhou, and then invading Nanjing in the south, in order to keep half of Jiangnan in the Ming Dynasty. At that time, Xia Wanchun, who was only fifteen years old, got married in a hurry and immediately joined the brigade with his father. Unfortunately, Wu Zhikui has no long-term strategy, and the army will be more slack. Not only did Suzhou city not fall, but these rabbles were also defeated.
Bad news came one after another, but Xia Yue became more and more calm and decided to commit suicide. The villagers advised him to take advantage of the chaos to cross the sea to Fujian, where he used to be a local official, recruiting troops and restoring his vitality. Xia Si thought twice, and did not agree, fearing that things would fail again and be humiliated forever. Songjiang Qing generals have long heard of Xia's name, saying that only he is a mountain, and he must be a big official. Qingjiang also said that even if Mr. Xia didn't want the new dynasty to be an official, he could come out to meet him. Xia compared herself to a "virtuous woman" and clearly expressed her determination not to work for the two dynasties.
He wrote to his good friend Chen Zilong and others to explain what had happened, and then talked calmly with his family. He deliberately handed over the unfinished anthology Surviving Records to his only son, Xia Wanchun, and told him to destroy the family army, serve the country loyally, and complete the voluntary recovery on behalf of his father. Then, Xia committed suicide in Songjiang pond. It is wrong to say that he "threw himself into the abyss and died" in Ming history. Xia's suicide is a kind of caesarean section similar to Japanese. His brother, son, wife and concubine all stood solemnly and sadly by the water. The water in Songtang is very shallow, only reaching the waist of Xia. The great genius suffocated in the water. The clothes on his back were not wet, and he died for his Ming Dynasty.
As a son, Xia Wanchun is very sad. Seeing his father's heroic sacrifice, he strengthened his determination to die for his country.
As for him, he and Xia were scholars in the same year and also famous writers at that time. Originally, I wanted to die with Xia, but Xia entrusted him to his mother's wife, and he had a grandmother in his nineties to support himself, so he endured the misfortune and cut his hair and became a monk, hiding in the country. When King Lu was in power in the Ming Dynasty, Chen secretly accepted the appointment of King Lu, and together with him instigated Wu, the magistrate of Songjiang in the Qing Dynasty, to oppose the Qing Dynasty. Before dawn, the mutiny failed. Not only was Wu killed, but also he was arrested. On the way to Nanjing, I finally made the same life choice as my friend Xia: diving to commit suicide.
My father respected teachers and respected Taoism. In the misty eyes of young Xia Wanchun, these two loyal models gradually became the ultimate models of people with lofty ideals throughout the ages.
Before he died, Xia Wanchun wrote to the King of Lu and asked for a gift for his father. King Lu attached great importance to his youth and loyalty to Daming, and named him "Sheren" and "Youchunfang Youzhongyun" and "Wenzhong" in summer. All this has greatly inspired Xia Wanchun's fighting spirit against the Qing Dynasty and regaining sight.
Soon, when he heard that the "White-headed Army" led by Wu Yi was active in Taihu Lake (the soldiers of this team were marked with white cloth on their heads and were regarded as the "Dai Xiao" of the Ming Dynasty), Xia Wanchun was overjoyed and quickly took all the gold and silver in his family with his teacher Chen Zilong to join the army as Wu Yi's army.
Wu Yi, Japanese, Jinshi origin, Wujiang people. He used to be an active member of the Fu Society, good at poetry, and fond of reading art books. When Beijing fell into Li Zicheng, he was an alternate officer in Beijing. Thanks to the help of a monk, Wu Yi was lucky to escape from Dongbianmen. Later, recommended by Shi Kefa, Wu Yi held the post of "Chief of Staff" (similar to the military and political commissar) in the Axe King regime. When he left Yangzhou to receive his salary, Yangzhou fell into the hands of the Qing army. The Qing Dynasty went like lightning and soon occupied Wu Yi's hometown of Wujiang. County magistrate Zhu Guozuo fell to the Qing Dynasty and killed a student, Wu Jian. He accused Zhu Guozuo of being a traitor. Wu was furious, led several people into the county government, captured Zhu Guozuo alive, beheaded traitors and scum in front of him, and declared anti-Qing. At the beginning of recruitment, Wuyi's "Whitehead Army" developed rapidly, and many former local water thief leaders such as "Barefoot Zhang San" joined in one after another. At the moment when ethnic contradictions rose to the most important social contradictions, these people changed from "thieves" to "government troops", which dealt a heavy blow to the Qing army on the vast surface of Taihu Lake. The most beautiful battle fought by Bai Shoujun was the "great victory in dividing the lake", which wiped out more than 3,000 enemies, wiped out more than 20 middle and junior officers and harvested more than 500 warships. Of course, this temporary victory was mainly due to the fact that the Qing army did not effectively organize an excellent water army at that time, which made the "Whitehead Army" show great power.
The news of victory came. Both the Nanming Longwu regime and the Lu court sent people with "imperial edicts", and Wu Yi was promoted to the rank of general ZTE and a knight. Outside the cloud nine, Wu Yi and the generals of the "Whitehead Army" began to underestimate their enemies. Many soldiers born as water thieves showed their true colors and plundered everywhere. However, the Qing army stepped up its preparations. In Haiyan World War I, the "Whitehead Army" was defeated, and Xia Wanchun was separated from Wu Yi and others because of the army defeat. As for Chen Zilong, he had already seen before the Battle of Haiyan that Wu Yi's rabble could not achieve great things, so he left the "Whitehead Army" in the name of raising money and wanted to develop further.
After the defeat of Wu Yijun, his father, wife and daughter all threw themselves into the lake to avoid being humiliated by the Qing prisoners. Wu Yi himself fled into the lake and persisted in the anti-Qing struggle.
/kloc-in the summer of 0/646, Wuyi heard the rumor that Liu of Jiashan County, who was appointed by the Qing Dynasty, wanted to "do whatever it takes" and sent someone to contact him. Unexpectedly, this Liu Zhifu is a traitor who uses power for personal gain. He spread his ideas "anyway" only to seduce Wu Yi. When Liu saw that Wu Yi personally delivered it, he immediately sent a reply and invited Wu Yi to the county government for dinner. Wu Yi didn't suspect fraud, but just took a few people to the meeting. It's easier to get in than to get out of The Hongmen Banquet. Liu Su has informed a large number of Qing soldiers to ambush. As soon as Wu Yi entered the scene, he immediately arrested the leader of the "White-headed Army" and quickly sent him to Hangzhou for execution.
When Xia Wanchun heard the news, he immediately took it in vain, set up a cenotaph for Wu Yi in Wujiang, cried and hanged himself with the literati, and wrote two poems, Wujiang Crying and Fish Clothes, to pay homage to Wu Yi, expressing his determination to avenge himself.
/kloc-in the early spring of 0/647, when it was learned that Su Song, the prefect appointed by the Qing Dynasty, wanted something from him, the young man immediately sprouted great hope of recovery, and hurried to bridge the gap between Wu and the righteous teacher in eastern Zhejiang, actively preparing himself for the war and fighting to the death. Wu (the name is not pleasant to hear, "there is no sign of victory") seeks to vent, and his generals will report his plan to Manchu first. Wu, one soldier and one pawn, has been captured. On the other hand, in the east of Zhejiang, it was raining all night, and just after the Yi Shi navy left the shore, a hurricane suddenly came, and most people were drowned and suffocated. The Qing court attached great importance to Wu's case and arrested people everywhere. Chen Zilong and others were arrested first. On the way to the escort, Chen Zilong committed suicide by drowning.
Xia Wanchun's throat was full of salty tears and blood. Because he himself was on the wanted list of the Qing government, he once hid in Jiashan's father's home as a soldier. /kloc-in the summer and July of 0/647, he decided to cross the sea to join the army of Wang Lu regime. Before he left, filial Xia Wanchun went back to his hometown to visit his biological mother and prepared to say goodbye to his parents before he left. There were many spies in the Qing court, and Xia Wanchun was discovered as soon as he got home. The Qing court joined forces to arrest the young hero. As he was a recidivist of the imperial court, he was immediately taken to Nanjing for trial.
The 80 days spent in Nanjing is the last 80 days of the life journey of Xia Wanchun, a hero of 16 years old. In the meantime, he not only outwitted the great traitor Hong Chengchou, but also cleverly humiliated the Manchu eagle dog. Moreover, he encouraged himself to write many poems and words, expressing the pride of "this life has passed away" and the resentment of "the revenge of home and country has not been reported".
At the beginning of his detention, Xia Wanchun wrote the word "picking mulberry seeds" and expressed his heartfelt feelings of national subjugation. Hong Chengchou, the great traitor, was the first leader of Manchu court to preside over the Zhaofu in the south of the Yangtze River. When he heard that Qian and his father-in-law (Mu Dan) were arrested, he was very proud, so he wanted to hand over Er Wengxu himself, so that he could not only attract "talents" for the Manchu master, but also put "Dede" gold powder on his face.
In the old court in Nanking, Hong Chengchou sat in a high position and asked Xia Wanchun, who was summoned below, "Boy, what do you think? How can you call a soldier a rebel? " . He must have been cheated and entered the army by mistake. "If you submit to the Qing Dynasty, you will be a US official."
Xia Wanchun was unmoved and asked Hong Chengchou, "Who are you?"
"This is Lord Hong!" The official of the tiger scolded him. Another jailer whispered, "This is Mr. Hong Hengjiu (Hong Chengchou)."
Xia Wanchun pretended not to know and snapped at him. "Hum, the class must be fake. Mr. Hong Hengjiu was an outstanding figure in Ming Dynasty. He fought bravely in Songshan, Xingshan and Beilu (Manchu), and his blood was spilled in Zhang Qu. The first emperor (Emperor Chongzhen) heard about the earthquake and wrote poems himself. It is precisely because I admire Mr. Hong Hengjiu's loyalty that I want to die for my country and die for my country to emulate the heroic behavior of the martyrs. "
The warders are embarrassed at this time. Hong Chengchou was totally embarassed on the table. A man came up and snapped, "Hong hit you!"
Xia Wanchun's clear voice smiled: "Don't lie to me! Mr. Hong Hengjiu died early in Daming State Affairs. The son of heaven once came to the temple to offer a personal sacrifice, and tears spilled all over his face, and the ministers sobbed. " How dare you resist thieves and ugly people? Don't you dare use Mr. Zhong Lie's name and wear a hat to promise Mr. Hong. What a thief! "
Hong Chengchou sweated profusely, the old dog's lips trembled, and the little hero's words and deeds hit a sore spot in the depths of his soul, making the renegade man as embarrassed as an arrow. On the contrary, it is not as good as a boy of humble birth in Jiangnan 16 years old. It's a pity to die! (A similar story happened to Sun Zhaokui, the "White-headed Army" who was arrested with Wu Yi. After he was taken to Nanjing, he was also the presiding judge of Hong Chengchou. Facing the "Governor" of the Qing Dynasty with a braid, Sun Zhaokui smiled contemptuously and asked Lord Hong in his class, "We also had a martyr named Hong Chengchou in the Ming Dynasty. You won't have the same name as that adult, will you? " Shamed the big traitor severely. )
Suddenly, my father-in-law Qian (Mu Dan), supported by long-term torture, suddenly fell to the ground with a loud noise. When Xia Wanchun saw this, he quickly stepped forward to help Zhang Yue and shouted, "My Lord, you have made an alliance with Mr. Chen Zilong and I Wan Chun at the same time, determined to fight the enemy in Jiangnan. Today, we can die together, and we can meet Mr. Chen Zilong generously in the subway. This is a great event in a person's life. Why are you so angry! " After listening to his son-in-law, Mr. Qian gritted his teeth and endured the pain.
Hong Chengchou was silent for a long time and had to wave. Today, the foot soldiers took them back to prison. Then report to the Qing court, and plan to sentence Xia and Qian to death.
The details of the above history can't be found in the "official repair" history books of Manchu royal servants and scholars. But from Qu Dajun, a great genius in the late Ming Dynasty who was named as "the second minister" by Emperor Gan, in his book A Record of the Four Dynasties. This thinker who devoted his whole life to troubled times is deeply corrupted in his own morality, but in his heart, he can't help showing his eager desire and deep respect for this loyal man. Knowing that his future was numbered, Xia Wanchun wrote his immortal work "Mother in Prison" in prison, and sent it to Shi Sheng, the second mother in his hometown, and Lu Shi, his biological mother.
From the autumn of 65438 to September of 0647, more than 30 anti-Qing righteous men, including Xia Wanchun, died generously in Nanjing Xicheng. Holding a ghost knife, the fierce executioner, facing the sixteen-year-old boy standing in front of him with a good face and good looks, his hands that cut off countless heads trembled involuntarily, and finally he could only close his eyes and gnash his teeth before he dared to go under the knife. ...
Xia Wanchun's wife, Qin Zhuan, was devastated by the death of her parents. She was very weak. A few months later, she gave birth to a boy, but the child seemed to feel too much human suffering in his mother's body and died soon. Hagar finally has no queen. Qin Zhuan's brother Mo Qian finally saw through the world of mortals and became a monk. Qin Zhuan, who was only eighteen or nineteen years old, cut her hair and became a monk, and lived a lonely life.
Xia Wanchun, the son of that particular historical era, is also an ordinary person with flesh and blood. Of course, his thoughts still have a narrow side. For example, he was deeply influenced by feudal literati, and he regarded Zhu Ming dynasty as orthodox, because patriots at that time often regarded loyalty to the monarch as a form of expressing patriotic thoughts and engaging in patriotic activities, which was an inevitable limitation of patriots in all feudal times, but these limitations could not hide his dazzling brilliance, especially when the national crisis was deep. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Guo Moruo's drama "Southern Crown Grass" adapted from Xia Wanchun's deeds excited many Chinese people who vowed to save the motherland with blood! Today, although we live in peacetime, our obligations to the motherland have not changed, and the passion of young people for progress and truth has not changed. Therefore, we can also draw a lot of strength from him.
For teenagers, Xia Wanchun is an indelible example, and his success in life and career is worth pondering. There are many records about prodigies in history, but most of them are just meteors in the sky, which lose their luster after a while. Wang Anshi's famous "Upper Zhong Yong" analyzes this situation and criticizes the incorrect methods of cultivating child prodigies in society. Indeed, these talented children may become useful talents in the future, but blind flattery and pandering can only make these immature children lose their initiative and sober understanding, get carried away and stop learning, so most children will soon run out of Jiang Lang and indulge in adult's command and mechanical creation like Zhong Yong, thus "losing everyone".
Although Xia Wanchun was only 17 years old, he had an indelible glory in the late Ming literary world. In his short life, Xia Wanchun wrote 12 poems, 337 poems of various styles, 4 1 words, 4 songs and 12 articles.
14 years old, after participating in the anti-Qing struggle, he wrote many poems and songs that were generous, tragic, fresh and clear, and showed national integrity, especially after his arrest. Mr. Bai Jian, a famous historian and Xia Wanchun research expert, summarized his main contents as follows:
First, the performance of anti-Qing and rejuvenation. A large number of chapters in the poetry collection are direct, indirect and multifaceted, metaphorically ancient and modern, and allegorically show the poet's thoughts and ambitions of caring for the motherland, repaying the south and rejuvenating the country. What is particularly valuable is that we have always maintained a high spirit of optimism in the face of difficulties and hardships. For example, "There is still a way for Wan Li to take off, and Mochow is all over the world", "A hero lives and dies like a strong swimmer" and so on. , unrestrained, cheerful and magnificent.
Secondly, expressing the hatred of rise and fall can be described as "tears streaming down your face, the heart of a martyr". In Wan Chun's poems, there are many things that are replaced by the rise and fall of brothels or banquets.
Third, praise heroes and mourn teachers and friends. Six Mournings, Ode to Six Gentlemen, Mourning in the Woods, Mourning in Wujiang and Mourning in Qian all belong to this category. Many of them are touching poems. After thousands of years, it still makes people cry when they read it.
Xia Wanchun's poems, in artistic expression, also have their own characteristics, such as using allusions and things, which are more accurate; Multi-purpose contrast, with a romantic atmosphere; Full of imagination, when you see magnificent colors; Be good at taking scenery as emotion and integrating feelings into the scene; Be good at choosing distinctive things and actions to summarize the situation and express the characters. The concentrated patriotic theme, patriotic passion, warm fighting atmosphere, abundant optimism, dazzling Chinese and American characters and touching romance constitute the tragic, passionate, fresh and cheerful artistic style of Wan Chun's poems.
Xia Wanchun's poems are not famous for their youth, nor are they handed down because they became martyrs. The essence of classical works absorbed in childhood and the tempering of realistic struggle after growing up have formed his unique style of generosity, tragic, fresh and cheerful, which has a high artistic appeal and can arouse strong resonance. On poetry, it is enough to envy a generation and shine a generation, standing in the forest of patriotic poets in ancient and modern times. However, after all, his poems are influenced by his age, experience and ideological limitations, and there are also many shortcomings. The theme is monotonous and narrow, and it is still too weak to describe the suffering and disaster of the people. There are too many allusions, and sometimes you are suspected of dropping your schoolbag. Compared with his teacher Chen Zilong, there is still a certain distance. But its influence is enormous.
Liu Yazi, a modern patriotic poet, admired Xia Wanchun's poems when he was young, and wrote: "Elegy is generous and literary. I am also 29 years old (that is, 18 years old-author's note), and my head is heroic. " Self-comparison and self-motivation draw spiritual strength and artistic nutrition from Wan Chun's poems. Xiong Kewu, the founder of the Revolution of 1911 in Sichuan, recalled: "When I was studying in a private school at home, ... I especially liked Xia Wanchun's poems in the late Ming Dynasty. I copied it while I was familiar with it, and now I can recite one or two. " Wang Bijiang also said impassioned in A Young National Literary Artist in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression 300 years ago: "In my early years, I will read A Collection of Xia History by Yi Haizhu Chen and recite these articles he wrote at the age of 65,438+06, such as Compassion, Prison Mother's Book and Wife's Book. Sometimes my blood is surging, and sometimes my heart is broken. Wen Yibo said in the biography of Xia Wanchun, a model student of the Ming Dynasty: "He refused to rest and compromise all his life, and his national thoughts were burning like fire, which produced great power in his poems, which was many times richer than ordinary lyric works and articles describing spring flowers and autumn moons. "The great master of literature, Mr. Guo Moruo, also wrote many articles to comment on Xia Wanchun's poems in detail.
His/kloc-early works before the age of 0/5, influenced by ancient style, are relatively thin in content. Poems such as "Brothel" and "Liu Fen" describe the wandering life of "waking up in a dream with brocade sleeves and singing in a restaurant with red teeth after drunkenness", which reflects his ideological limitations as a noble son. However, after the death of the Ming Dynasty, he joined the anti-Qing rebel army, and his poems changed completely. Displayed as:
① Instead of imitating the past as the theme, we should face life and reality. (2) It shows high anti-Japanese war passion and firm national integrity. Although he went through hardships and eventually failed, his works exuded high-spirited optimism.
(4) Express one's mind without carving, and form a straightforward, hearty, generous and tragic creative style, which has great artistic appeal.