1, sealed text

Most of the ancient characters in the Indus Valley were engraved on seals made of stone or clay, so they were called seal script. More than 2000 seals have been excavated.

Many of these symbols are hieroglyphics, which may still be in the pictographic stage, but because of their syllables and stress, they are also considered as phonography during the transition to pinyin.

So far, * * * has found about 2,500 kinds of such cultural relics, with 400-500 characters. These symbols are generally composed of straight lines with clear fonts, and there are 22 basic symbols.

There are also carved paintings on the seal. It is not clear what the relationship between these carvings and characters is. According to scholars' speculation, these inscriptions may be the names and titles of the seal owners, and engraving may be something they worship.

These seals themselves are a kind of carving art, reflecting the rich social life and ideological content of people at that time.

2. Inscription of Ashoka

The inscriptions carved by Ashoka, the monarch of the Peacock Dynasty in ancient India, on rocks, pillars and cave walls all over the country are still preserved in dozens of places, which is the oldest writing in ancient India.

There are two kinds of words used in the inscription: one is Boulami, which comes from the letter of Giuseppe; The second is to go to Louvain, which may be derived from Aramaic letters. Most of the inscriptions are imperial edicts and praises of his achievements, which are of great reference value to the study of history at that time.

3. Ashoka Stone Pillar

Ashoka Pillar is the most representative architectural sculpture of Peacock Dynasty. King Ashoka has built more than 30 memorial pillars all over India to commemorate this strategy and promote Buddhism. These pillars are generally more than ten meters high, the most famous of which is Rokuyaon outside Benares.

There are four men squatting back to back on the stigma, and the middle layer is a ribbon engraved with elephants, galloping horses, tumor cows and tigers. These four animals are separated by a treasure wheel symbolizing Buddhism. The next floor is a bell-shaped lotus.

The whole stigma is gorgeous and complete, polished as smooth as jade, which is also a more remarkable feature of the carving art of peacock dynasty.

4. Ajanta

Ajanta, located 388 kilometers northeast of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, is one of the world cultural heritages. It has 29 Buddhist grottoes, whose works date from the 2nd century BC to the 7th century (650 years).

There are all kinds of murals on the stone walls in the cave, some of which are based on Bunsen Sutra, and some are based on princes and nobles and court life. Among them, in Cave 1, the Blockey King Shewang and Persia met to form a map, which is of great historical significance. In addition, there are many murals reflecting the life of ancient Indians and flowers, birds and animals. Most of his later works are Gupta style.

5. Avina Veda

The Vatican's name is Atapurveda. One of the Vedas. It is a collection of witchcraft and spells. A total of 73 1 hymns were collected, of which about one sixth appeared in Rigveda. It is mainly to pray for disaster and witchcraft, but it also contains some philosophical and scientific ideas.

"Brahma" or the name of the Brahmin family who teaches this Veda is generally believed that this book was written later than other Vedas. Avina Veda is generally formed in the late Veda.

It mainly collects poems, spells and incantations used to cure diseases, drive away disasters, restore harmony and overcome curses. Wizards are often used in secular prayer ceremonies, such as births, weddings, funerals and inauguration ceremonies. Vedas are the sacred books of Brahmanism and one of the sources of Indian literature.

Baidu encyclopedia-seal text

Baidu Encyclopedia-Ashoka Inscription

Baidu Encyclopedia-Ashoka Shizhu

Baidu Encyclopedia-Avina Veda

Baidu Encyclopedia-Ajanta