Knowledge points in the second volume of history of grade three
River basin-the cradle of human civilization
I. Ancient Civilization Ancient Egypt Ancient Babylon Ancient China
The name of the Nile River Euphrates.
Tigris River and Yellow River
Yangtze river
The founding time was 3500 BC, followed by 2070 BC.
Main achievement pyramid
sphinx
Hammurabi's hieroglyphic code.
Wedge Great Wall
Four great inventions in ancient China
oracle bone script
Second, code of hammurabi:
① Producer: Hammurabi, King of Babylon.
⑵ Purpose: To safeguard the interests of slave owners.
⑶ Status (influence): It is the first relatively complete ancient written code in the world.
Third, the natural geographical environment of early human civilization-the great river basin
(1) The basin has a warm and humid climate, sufficient light and heat, and flat terrain, which is suitable for human survival;
(2) The melting of mountain snow in the upper reaches of the river leads to the regular flooding of the river, which provides sufficient water and fertile soil, which is beneficial to the development of agricultural production.
People's education edition ninth grade history knowledge points
Economic and social life
1. The tortuous development of China's national industry
1. Zhang Jian set up an industry: After the treaty of shimonoseki was signed, foreigners set up factories in China and directly exploited the people of China. Zhang Jian put forward the slogan of "saving the country through industry" and founded a series of enterprises such as Sheng Da Cotton Mill.
2. Process: (1) Westernization Movement to the end of Qing Dynasty: the emergence of national industries; (2) After the Revolution of 1911, industrial groups mushroomed, and overseas Chinese also competed to invest in domestic industries; (3) During World War I: China's national industry entered a "golden age"; (4) After World War I, imperialism made a comeback and the national industry suffered another setback; (5) After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, due to the civil war launched by the Kuomintang and the oppression of bureaucratic capitalism, it failed to recover well.
Two. Changes in life and customs in modern society
1. Photography: 65438+ was introduced to China in the 1940s; 1905, China people made the first film Dingjun Mountain.
Trains, ships and other modern means of transportation have been introduced into China. In the 1970s, China began to establish wired telegraph.
3.65438+In 1970s, Shenbao was founded in Shanghai, which was the first commercial newspaper in modern China. From 65438 to 0897, the Commercial Press was founded in Shanghai, which is one of the publishing institutions of modern culture in China.
4. 19 12 In March, Sun Yat-sen issued an edict on behalf of the provisional president, and the provisional government also issued an edict to cancel the official titles of the former dynasty, such as "adults" and "lords", which were commonly known as "gentlemen" or "gentlemen" among the people.
The birth of America
First, the development of British North American colonies
North America 1 and 13 Colonists: Native American Indians, British and European immigrants, and African blacks.
2. The root of American War of Independence: British colonial oppression hindered the development of capitalist economy in North America.
Second, the American War of Independence (time:1775-1783)
1, fuse: 1773, Boston Tea Party; 2. Starting:1April 775, Lexington shot;
3. Army Building: 1775 In May, Washington was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army;
4. People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded:1July 4, 776, and the Declaration of Independence was issued; 5. Turning point: 1777, Saratoga;
6. Victory: 178 1 year, the British army in Yorktown surrendered;
7. Peace Treaty: 1783, (Anglo-American Peace Treaty of Paris), Britain recognized American independence.
Three. Publication of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States 1787
1. Publication of the Declaration of Independence (Date:1July 4, 776)
Significance: ① Expressed the bourgeoisie's demands for national independence and national freedom; (2) The declaration also declared that the North American 13 colony was independent from Britain, and the United States of America-the United States was born.
2. 1787 Constitution-Establishment of the federal government.
1787, the United States promulgated the Constitution. The constitution establishes that the United States is a federal state, and stipulates that the president is both the head of state and the head of government and enjoys executive power; Congress and courts have the legislative power and judicial power of the state respectively.
Fourth, the significance of the American War of Independence: The American War of Independence ended British colonial rule, achieved national independence and established a relatively democratic bourgeois political system, which was conducive to the development of American capitalism and promoted the future revolutions in Europe and Latin America.
A summary of history learning methods
1. Time: It takes some time to memorize history. However, there are 9 subjects in high school, so it is difficult to take time out of the self-study time on weekdays to recite history. In fact, if we can make good use of some trivial time on weekdays, we don't have to take up the time of self-study class. When I was in senior three, I always used the time after school in the morning, afternoon and evening to recite history. These hours add up to about 1.5 minutes, which is enough! In addition, students with MP3 can record their textbooks and listen to them when they sleep at night, which will be very shocking!
2. Location: It is important to choose a quiet environment when reading history, so that it will not affect others and you can concentrate on reciting. In senior three, I often ran to the stairs or corridor of the experimental building after school and was quietly endorsed by a person. You can also watch it with the lights on after school at night.
2. Volume: History is not Crazy English. Reciting aloud doesn't mean remembering it firmly. From my previous experience of reciting, I found that when I read aloud, I was not only hoarse after a while, but more importantly, I found that I just recited it blindly, without remembering it in my heart, in vain. In fact, when reading history, you just need to read it at the volume you usually speak. This way, you won't be tired after reading for a long time, and it will help you understand the content recited slowly.
4. Frequency: I am a person with a good memory. But at the end of a certain period of history, although it can be memorized word by word, it will be forgotten in less than a week. No matter how good your memory is, this situation is inevitable. The best way is to take the trouble to recite a book, try to shorten the time of reciting a book and increase the frequency of reciting a book.
5. Method: Reciting history is not simply reciting a book from beginning to end. This practice makes me have a lot of historical knowledge in my mind, but I don't have a clear structural system. In order to avoid this situation, when reviewing a book, we should start from the table of contents. Write down the title of each chapter of the whole book first, and then write down the title of each section under each chapter. When reciting each section, look at the bold type first. This approach helps to sort out the context of the whole book, each chapter and each section, so that the content of the whole book can be organized in your own mind. When reading history books, don't let go of fine print, notes and reading lessons, which is helpful to the coherence of knowledge.
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★ Summary of historical knowledge points in the second volume of Grade Three
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