Current location - Music Encyclopedia - Chinese History - The evidence of the existence of Yao Emperor before Xia Dynasty was originally in Taosi, Shanxi.
The evidence of the existence of Yao Emperor before Xia Dynasty was originally in Taosi, Shanxi.
The legendary "Emperor Yao" in China is generally considered to be after the Yellow Emperor. According to Guo Moruo, the Yao Di clan lived near Zhuolu where the Huangdi clan lived, roughly in Tangxian County, Hebei Province, and then moved south along Taihang Mountain, passing through Taiyuan and other places, and finally moved to Fenshui Pingyang area. "History of Han Geography" said, "Hedong has a plain land, and salt and iron do not invade it, so Tang Yao lives there. The "Tang" in Tang Yao refers to the clan of Emperor Yao. Taosi site is located in Fenshui Valley, Shanxi Province, which can be geographically "opposite" to the residence of Emperor Yao mentioned in ancient books. According to China's ancient books, "Emperor Yao" lived before Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. "Zuo Zhuan" said: "Therefore, there are both prosperity and decline, and there are crises, summers, businesses and weeks. Among them, "Yu" refers to Yu Shun, the leader of the Central Plains Tribal Alliance who appointed Dayu to control water. Yao is the predecessor of Yu. At that time, Yao and Shun lived in an era that followed the Xia Dynasty. According to the research results of the dating project of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the Xia Dynasty began around 2070. From now on, the Yao and Shun era should be in the range of 200 or 2000 before 2070 BC. From the early stage to the middle stage of Taosi site, the age of carbon fourteen determination is roughly 2300- 2000 BC or 2400-2 BC100 BC, which is roughly consistent with the Yao and Shun era. The expression "Pingyang, Du Yao" seems to be based on geography and times. From the tomb of Zhongwang in Taosi unearthed in 2002, it can be found that the owner of the tomb is indeed a powerful person living at the top of the social pyramid of Taosi. Nearly 100 funerary objects still remain in this unearthed tomb, including jade, painted pottery, lacquerware, bone utensils and 20 half pigs. What is particularly striking is that a complete boar's mandible stands in a prominent position in the center of the east wall of the tomb, and its most prominent feature is its thick fangs, that is, the "fangs of jackals" mentioned in Zhouyi's Big Livestock. There are three jade weapons ("Yue" and "Qi") with painted handles symmetrically arranged on both sides of the mandible. According to the concept of the Zhou Dynasty, the "tooth of the cassock" and the jade weapons arranged around it exactly express the good concept of "tooth of the cassock, which can be used", that is, "training and fighting". This also reminds people of the emperor Yao-"Mencius is good in nature, and his words must be called Yao and Shun". The ritual vessels unearthed from Taosi site include stone bells, earth drums, giant drums and other large ritual vessels. Especially "Shi Qing", as an ancient musical instrument, can be said to be one of the most distinctive symbols of China culture. The word "pan" has appeared in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. The left half looks like a hanging stone, and the half of the stone looks like a man hitting it with a mallet. The stone chime unearthed from Taosi site is also the oldest stone pot in China. Considering that "there is no sentence to say" in Shuo Wen Jie Zi Zhu; In ancient records, the inventor of Wusentence "Stone Plate" happened to be Yao's courtier. The excavation of the Taosi site "Shiqing" can not but make people associate the identity of the tomb owner with Emperor Yao. As for "earth drum" and "silkworm drum", they are two kinds of drums. In the Han Dynasty, the Lingcatfish Drum was associated with the Tangjia Dance in the Qin Dynasty, and the Taoist refers to Emperor Yao. In Shi Qing's view, there were some established rules for using ritual vessels in strict accordance with the hierarchical order during the Taosi culture period. According to the Book of Rites, Confucius said, "At the beginning of the ceremony ..... it was embarrassing to beat drums". Confucius said, "Dayao is king ... and praised his success and his articles" and praised the ritual system formulated by Emperor Yao. In contrast, is the owner of Taosi Tomb "Emperor Yao"? Therefore, on June 8, 2065438, China Academy of Social Sciences held a press conference on the excavation results of Taosi site in the State Council press office, pointing out that a series of archaeological evidence chains showed that Taosi site was quite consistent with Du Yao in terms of age, geographical location, connotation, scale, grade and the degree of civilization it reflected. At present, no site conforms to the historical records of Du Yao like Taosi. More and more scholars think that Taosi site may be the capital of Yao.