I. Western Jin Dynasty and Eastern Jin Dynasty
In A.D. 1 year and 266, Wei was usurped, Luoyang was its capital and Jin was its capital. History is called the Western Jin Dynasty, which destroyed Wu in 280 and completed reunification. In 3 16, the western Jin dynasty was destroyed by barbarians in the north, and there was chaos in the north, which was called "five chaos" in history.
2.3 17 years, Jinshi crossed south, Si Marui established the Eastern Jin Dynasty in Jianye, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty made many northern expeditions. In 383, the Eastern Jin Dynasty was temporarily consolidated after the war with the former Qin Dynasty. During the Jin Dynasty, Wuhu moved to the Central Plains, strengthened ethnic integration, and northerners moved south to develop the Jiangnan area. In 420, Liu Yu established Liu Song, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty perished. The history of China entered the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Second, the Southern Dynasties
1, Liu Song (420-479) is the largest, strongest and longest-lasting regime, with four generations and eight emperors, lasting for 60 years.
2. Qi (479-502) was very short, only 24 years. However, due to frequent fights and killings, there were three generations of seven emperors, with an emperor every three years on average, which was an extremely rapid change of emperors in the history of China.
3. Liang (502-557) experienced three generations and four emperors in his life for 56 years, of which he enjoyed the country for the longest time, reaching nearly half a century.
4. Chen (557-589) reigned for 33 years, with three generations and five emperors. The disadvantages of Chen Cheng's decline are its narrow territory, weak population and weak power. In addition, the rulers were extremely corrupt, and they eventually died in the hands of powerful enemies in the north.
Third, the Northern Dynasties
1. Tuoba GUI of the Northern Wei Dynasty established its capital in Pingcheng (now Datong, Shanxi) in 398, and changed its title to emperor in 399, gradually annexing Xia, Beiyan and Beiliang 16 countries. There were 17 emperors, 17 1 year from the establishment of Wei by Tuoba GUI to the demise of the Western Wei in 557 AD.
2. In the Eastern Wei Dynasty, in 534 AD, Emperor Xiaowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty was frightened by the powerful general Gao Huan and fled to Guanzhong. Gao Huan established Yuan as Emperor Xiaojing and moved his capital to Ye (now southwest of Linzhang, Hebei Province), which is known as the Eastern Wei Dynasty in history. It was replaced by Gao Yang in 550 AD, and the Eastern Wei Dynasty lasted for 17 years.
3. Western Wei Dynasty. In 534 AD, Emperor Xiaowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty entered Xiguan and was greeted by General Yu Wentai. In 535 AD, Yu Wentai poisoned Emperor Xiaowu and established Yuanbao as Wei Wendi, with its capital in Chang 'an, known as the Western Wei Dynasty in history. In 557, it was replaced by Yu Wenjue, the third son of Yu Wentai. Twenty-four years of the Three Emperors of the Western Wei Dynasty.
4. Beiqi. In 550 AD, Gao Yang, the son of Gao Huan, a general of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, seized the Eastern Wei regime and proclaimed himself emperor. His country name is Qi and his capital is yeyu. In order to distinguish it from Xiao Qi in the Southern Dynasties, it was called Beiqi in history, and it was also called Gaoqi because of its high royal surname. In 577 AD, it was destroyed by the Northern Zhou Dynasty, which lasted for eight emperors and twenty-eight years.
5. Northern Zhou Dynasty. In 557 AD, Yu Wenjue, the son of Yu Wentai, a general of the Western Wei Dynasty, seized the Western Wei regime and proclaimed himself emperor. People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded in Chang 'an, known as the Northern Zhou Dynasty in history. Because the royal family is named Yuwen, it is also called Yuwen Zhou. In 577 AD, the Northern Qi Dynasty perished and the northern part of China was unified. In 58 1 year, it was replaced by Emperor Yangdi, which lasted for 25 years.
Fourth, the Sui Dynasty.
It is a unified dynasty in the history of China, connecting the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty. In February of 58 1 year, Emperor Jingdi of the Northern Zhou Dynasty abdicated in Sui Wendi, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty perished. Yang established the title of "Sui" and made its capital Daxing City. Later, in 589, the Chen Dynasty perished in the south, and China was unified, ending nearly 300 years of division since the end of the Western Jin Dynasty.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) the dynasties after Sui Dynasty.
1, Tang Dynasty: 6 18 -690 705 -907 Chang 'an (now Shaanxi An) Li Zhongzong.
2. Wu Zhou: From 690 to 705, Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan Province) was the capital of God, Wu Zhou and Wu Zetian.
3. Five Dynasties: 907 -960.
(1) Back beam: 907 -923 Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan)? Hou Liang Taizu Zhu Wen
(2) Late Tang Dynasty: From 923 to 936, after passing through Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan), Tang Zhuang lived in Li.
(3) Houjin: 936 -947 Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan)? Shi Jingtang, a late Jin emperor.
(4) Later Han Dynasty: Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan) from 947 to 950? Liu Zhiyuan, post-Emperor Gaozu.
(5) Later Zhou Dynasty: 95 1 -960 Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), and Guo Wei, Taizu of the Later Zhou Dynasty.
4. Ten countries: 907 -979.
5. Liao Dynasty (Qidan): 9 16-1 125 entered Beijing (now Zuo Qi, Bahrain, Inner Mongolia) and Luye Baoji of Liao Taizu.
6. Song Dynasty: 960-1279.
(1) Northern Song Dynasty: 960-1 127 Tokyo (now Kaifeng, Henan) North Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin.
(2) Southern Song Dynasty: 1 127-1279 Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) Zhao Gou, the emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty.
(3) Xixia: 1038- 1227 Xingqing (Zhongxing) (now Yinchuan, Ningxia) Xixia Jing Zong Li Yuanhao.
(4) Jin Dynasty:1115-1234 Zhongjing (now Beijing) Jin Taizu Hong Yan Yan Hong Akuta.
(5) Great Mongolia: 1206-127 1 year Music sculpture Alan (now Kent, Mongolia) Mongolia (Yuan) Taizu Genghis Khan Genghis Khan.
7. Yuan Dynasty: 127 1 year-1368 Kublai Khan, the ancestor of Dadu (now Beijing) Yuan (Mongolia).
8. Ming Dynasty: 1368-1644 Ying Tian (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) Shi Jing (now Beijing) Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of Ming Dynasty Judy.
(1) Later Jin Dynasty:161636 Shengjing (now Shenyang, Liaoning Province) Later Jin Dynasty (Qing Dynasty) Taizu Aixinjue Luonuerhachi.
(2) Dashun: 1644-1644 (now Beijing) Wang Li Zicheng.
9. Qing Dynasty: 1636-19 12 Shengjing Shi Jing (now Shenyang, Liaoning Province) (now Beijing) Qing (later Jin Dynasty) Taizong, Huang Taiji, Qing Shizu the emperor shunzhi Aisingiorro Fu Lin.
10, Chinese Empire:1915-1916 Beiping (now Beijing) Hong Xiandi Yuan Shikai.
1 1, Puppet Manchukuo: 1932-1945 Xinjing (now Changchun, Jilin) Kangdedi Aisin Giorro Puyi.
Extended data:
Main features of social economy in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties;
First of all, the North-South economy tends to be balanced. Jiangnan develops rapidly, while Central Plains develops relatively slowly. The Yellow River Basin is the center of China's economic development. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the economic development gap between North and South was very large. In Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, large-scale wars mostly occurred in the north, lasting for a long time, which caused serious damage to the northern economy. The relative stability in the south has made the economy in the south develop rapidly. In this way, the north-south economy began to balance, and the economic pattern centered on the northern Yellow River Basin began to change.
Second, the gentry manor economy and the temple economy occupy an important position. Due to the development of the gentry system and the rulers' belief in Buddhism, the landlord's manor economy and temple economy expanded viciously, and the land and labor force lost a lot.
Third, the overall level of commodity economy is low. Due to the war, many cities have been seriously damaged, while the southern region has just been developed and the commodity economy has developed slowly.
Fourth, economic exchanges between ethnic groups have been strengthened. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, due to the strengthening of ethnic integration, all ethnic groups were closely linked and gradually integrated. All ethnic groups learn from each other, learn from each other's strengths, and promote economic recovery and development. At the same time, it laid the foundation for the prosperity of Sui and Tang Dynasties.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia _ Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties Baidu Encyclopedia _ Sui Dynasty? Baidu Encyclopedia _ Chinese historical dynasties