According to Huang Zongxi's Epitaph of Wang Zhengnan at the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the Wu and Tang Dynasties were created by Zhang Sanfeng, a poet in Song Dynasty. According to legend, Zhang Sanfeng was an alchemist (Taoist) in Wudang Mountain in the late Northern Song Dynasty. Hui Zong called him to Peking and met a thief. In his dream, Yuan Di taught him boxing skills. The next day, Zhang Sanfeng killed more than 100 thieves by himself, so he founded the Neijia Boxing School.
There is also a legend that Zhang Sanfeng originated from Shaolin, mastered the essence of Shaolin, including the five fists and eighteen styles, and integrated them into the ten-cotton long fist, changing the method of fighting into the method of defending the enemy, and his moves were very different from Shaolin, so he was unique and founded wu-tang clan; Also known as the inner armor. Ten years of success and great fame, as well as Tai Chi, Xingyi, Bagua and other tribes. Jin Yong's martial arts novel "Eternal Dragon Slayer" was written in Wudang, which adopted this statement, saying that Zhang Sanfeng, whose real name was Zhang Junbao, was the apprentice and master of Shaolin monk Jue Yuan, violating the ban that Shaolin was not allowed to practice martial arts without authorization. Later, he founded Wu Tangzong according to the change of Shaolin's achievement method.
As for Zhang Sanfeng in history, his real name is Zhang, also known as Sanfeng. Because of untidiness, he is also known as a sloppy Taoist. There are different opinions about his date of birth and death. Some call him a Song Dynasty man, some call him a A Jin man, and some call him a Yuan man and an Amin man. Probably because he was famous in Taoist legends, he was carried out and became the ancestor of Wutangmen. This statement is obviously only for the Wu and Tang families to deify themselves, not the truth of history.
The official spread of Wu and Tang nationalities began in the Ming Dynasty. Although Wudang Mountain began to build Taoist temples in the Tang Dynasty, the real golden age was in the Ming Dynasty. Judy of Ming Taizu ascended the throne, praised Wudang Taoism and mobilized 300,000 migrant workers. It took 65,438+03 years to build 33 buildings in Wudang Mountain, which were called Eight Palaces, Two Views, 30 Lu 'an Hall, 72 Rock Temple, 12 Ancestral Temples and 39 Bridges. , continuous 140 Li. The architectural patterns are all designed by the Ministry of Industry according to the story of Zhenwu Xiuxian in the scriptures. There are still handwriting on the beam of the main hall of Zixiaoguan in Wudang Mountain, which was built by the holy king in the 11th year (14 13) and 12th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty. On the precipice of Santianmen, there are four Chinese characters, "One pillar is the sky", which is spectacular. The Hall of Supreme Harmony at the top of Tianzhu Peak, also known as the Golden Hall, is dedicated to the bronze gilded statue of Zhang Sanfeng. The golden age of Wudang Taoism began at this time, and Wudang Wushu schools came into being in this golden age.
According to Wang Zhengnan's epitaph, Wang Zong from Shaanxi and Chen Zhou from Wenzhou were the first people to teach Neijia Boxing. Zhang Songxi was born in Wenzhou around the first year (1506) and died in Yuping, Guizhou around the first year of Taichang (1620). Zhang Songxi claimed to be the true biography of Zhang Sanfeng, the third generation descendant of Wutangmen. Later, he traveled to Jiangyan, got the true biography of Emei, founded Wudang Songxi School, and Wutang School became famous from then on. Legend has it that 70 Shaolin monks refused to accept their admiration and challenged them to come to their homes. While Songxi was sitting still, a monk suddenly jumped out of the air and broke his Shaolin stunt qigong with a chain leg. Songxi remained calm, but when the Shaolin monk's offensive came, he raised his hand slightly sideways. Shaolin monk suddenly lost his castration like a kite with a broken line, flew out of the window and landed under a tall building. From then on, wudang boxing, no one refused.
After Zhang Songxi, Wu Tangmen was full of talented people. A large number of martial arts masters have been produced.
They are: Ye Jimei, Wu Kunshan, Zhou Yunquan, Shan Sinan, Zhen, Sun Jishi, Li Tianmu, Xu Daiyue, Yu Shizhong, Wu, Chen Maohong, Lu Shaoqi, Dong Fuyu, Xia, Chai Yuanming, Yao Shimen, Monk Er, Hartingwei and others.
Wu Tangmen's kungfu is characterized by strong bones and muscles and good luck. Emphasize internal strength training, stress static braking, overcome long with short, slow attack with fast, transport the body with qi, tend to be feminine, dominate breathing and use short hands. Wudang kungfu does not have an offensive advantage, but it cannot be easily violated. If you commit a crime, you will become a servant.
Wudang's tactical strategy is: fighters use their own points, dead points, dizzy points and dumb points, and everything is like a bronze statue. (Epitaph of Wang Zhengnan) Its general requirements are included in Six Roads and Ten Sections of Brocade. "Six Lines" rhymes with:
A friend has the highest arm, the door is locked and turned to Britain and Mongolia, the immortal stands in the sky, throwing the moon without forgiveness, whipping around people is difficult, and the evil cone catches its wings and shakes. The rhyme of "Ten Duan Jin" is:
Stand up and sit on the mountain tiger, turn around and do three chases quickly, take a double knife and step back, roll back and forth three times, cross two places to do three chases, take a knife and go back to camp, roll back to the original road, follow the steps, roll back to the initial flying step, climb the bow tightly and take care of Ma Siping.
Wudang pays attention to "thirty-five exercises and eighteen exercises", and there are also so-called seventy-two falls, thirty-five palms, sixteen eighteen methods, twelve characters and five meanings.
Wu Tangmen's boxing methods include Tai Ji Chuan, Wuji Boxing, Yaoyu Changquan, Ape Fudi Boxing, Six Steps Sanshou, Wudang Taiyi five elements boxing and so on. There are six types of internal skills in Wutangmen (golden lion snatching hair, phoenix nodding, lotus leaf swinging in the wind, gold thread winding on the left, gold thread winding on the right, and knife splitting Huashan). The equipment of the clan in Wutang, the first treasure in Wudang town, Wudang sword, Bai Hongjian, Taiji sword, Liuhe gun, Liuhe knife, Songxi stick, etc. The formation of Wu Tang Gang is often mentioned in martial arts novels, such as Jiugong Bagua Array and Sancai Sword Array.
Shaolin comes from Buddhism and has the color of Tianzhu culture. Wudang comes from Xuanmen Taoism, and the color of Han script is extremely strong. Shaolin kungfu contains the compassion of Buddhism. Wudang Kung Fu originated from Taoism. Laozi talked about "One" and "Tao", and Zhuangzi talked about "the vast wilderness" and "carefree travel", which made Wudang Kung Fu have a strong imagination and aesthetic meaning, and the performance of moves was also very poetic. For example, the following movements are very intuitive and full of aesthetic charm: the iron fan is facing the wind, throwing things first, throwing them straight into the well, the rosy clouds shining on the sun, and. Another example is Wu Tangmen's boxing, Chunyang Boxing:
The wind blows the lotus, swaying from side to side, flying clouds and flowing water, constantly wearing, stepping on the elbow, nourishing luck, playing slowly and quickly, and embracing the eight methods.
Here, on the one hand, it is internal strength, on the other hand, it is visual posture, lotus, breeze, running water and flying clouds, which makes people seem to want to see the emptiness, beauty and spirit of Wudang Taoism. The swaying of tricks seems to remind people of the supreme mystery of "one life, two lives, three lives, three lives", and reminds people of the vast and chaotic force of nature when the world first opened.
Wu-tang clan includes Songxi School, Huaihe School, Excalibur School, Yi Song School, Longmen School, Gongjia South School, Xuanwu School and North Taiji School. As for Tai Ji Chuan, Xingyiquan and Bagua Boxing, etc. Because they come from Taoism, people often classify them as Wu Tang clan, and some people think they are sui generis.
In a word, Wudang, like Shaolin, was based on the region at first, and then it went far beyond the region. The Wutang Sect is not only in Wudang Mountain, just as Shaolin is not only in Shaolin Temple. Represents a large number of martial arts factions with similar characteristics, such as Jingrou, from Xuanmen Taoism. This is a broad concept.
Wudang