Shanghai has a long history and is one of the second batch of 38 famous historical and cultural cities announced by the State Council 1986. The west of Shanghai became land 6000 years ago. The formation of urban land took place in the first half of 10 century.
Shanghai in the Spring and Autumn Period belonged to the State of Wu, while Shanghai in the Warring States Period belonged to the State of Yue first and then to the State of Chu. Chu Gaolie took Huang Xie as the prime minister and named him Chun Shen Jun. Shanghai was part of his fief, hence the nickname "Shen".
Another nickname of Shanghai is "Shanghai", which comes from "the capital of Shanghai". In ancient times, fishermen in Shanghai invented a bamboo fishing gear "Hu". At that time, there was no place name of Shanghai, and this area was called "Lake Capital".
The real origin of the name "Shanghai" began in the Song Dynasty. At that time, Shanghai began to become a new trading port of China. At that time, there were 18 pubs in Shanghai, one of which was called Shanghai Pupu, and there was a small town in Shanghai on the west bank of Huangpu River from the Bund to Shiliupu. This is the origin of the name "Shanghai".
In the Yuan Dynasty, the towns in Shanghai developed greatly, and a city shipping company was established. Since then, Shanghai Town has been upgraded to Shanghai County. In Ming Dynasty, Shanghai became the largest center of cotton textile industry in China, and its commercial economy was increasingly developed. In the 24th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1685), the Qing government set up a customs office in Shanghai. During the Qianlong and Jiaqing years of Qing Dynasty, Shanghai gradually became a big trading port and grain transportation center of China, and was called "the city of southeast".
1843 After the Opium War, Shanghai was forcibly opened as a trading port by colonialists. 1845, Britain first established a concession in Shanghai. After that, the United States set up a concession in Shanghai.
1849, France also established a concession in Shanghai. 1863, after the Anglo-American Concession was merged into the Commonwealth Concession, Shanghai was actually divided into three parts: China Border, Commonwealth Concession and French Concession. Since 1843, Shanghai has become the main port for foreign colonists to dump goods and find raw materials and money in China.
1925 June 65438+ October, Feng Jun entered Shanghai. At that time, the Beijing government changed Shanghai to Songhu. On July 7th, 1927, Shanghai Special City was announced. On July 1930, Shanghai Special City was renamed Shanghai. 1945 After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, the concession was taken back.
1May 27, 949, Shanghai was liberated. After long-term unremitting transformation and construction by successive governments and people in Shanghai, Shanghai has become an important industrial and commercial base in new China.
1949 10 10/day, People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded. Shanghai is still a municipality directly under the central government. Shanghai is divided into 20 urban areas and 10 suburbs.
Extended data
Shanghai, referred to as "Shanghai" or "Shen" for short, is the birthplace of the Communist Party of China (CPC), a municipality directly under the Central Government of the People's Republic of China, a national central city, a megacity, a core city of Shanghai, Hangzhou and Ningbo, an international economic, financial, trade, shipping and scientific and technological innovation center, and the first batch of coastal open cities.
Located at the mouth of the Yangtze River, Shanghai is the leading city in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the core city of G60 Science and Technology Corridor. It faces Kyushu Island across the East China Sea, with Hangzhou Bay in the south and Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in the northwest.
Shanghai is located between east longitude120 52' and north latitude12212', covering an area of 6,340 square kilometers. It is located on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, the eastern edge of the Asian continent, the midpoint between the north and south coasts of China and the confluence of the Yangtze River and Huangpu River. It borders the Yangtze River in the north, the East China Sea in the east, Hangzhou Bay in the south and Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in the west.
Shanghai is short of metal mineral resources, building stones and energy minerals on land. Since 1970s, we have been searching for oil and gas resources at sea, and obtained industrial crude oil and natural gas from several wells.
According to preliminary estimation, the oil and gas resources on the continental shelf of the East China Sea are about 6 billion tons, which is the largest oil and gas basin in China offshore. Through investigation and exploration, oil and gas resources have also been discovered in the nearby South Yellow Sea, with an estimated reserve of 290 million tons. The East China Sea is rich in chemical resources, and some abnormal mineral areas, such as zircon, ilmenite, garnet, rutile and other important minerals, have been found in the shallow waters of the Yangtze River estuary.
There are not many natural vegetation relics in Shanghai, most of which are cultivated crops and trees. Natural woody plant communities are only distributed in some areas such as Dajinshan Island and Sheshan Mountain, while natural herbaceous plant communities are distributed in sandbars, beaches and harbors. Cultivated crops/kloc-more than 0/00 varieties, nearly 10,000 varieties. There are more than 400 kinds of vegetables, ranking first in China, and there are many kinds of fruits and ornamental flowers.
Shanghai is located at the mouth of the Yangtze River and the eastern edge of Taihu Lake Basin. The area of rivers (lakes) in China is about 500 square kilometers, and the river area ratio is 9% ~ 10%. The length of rivers in Shanghai is over 20,000 kilometers, and the average river network density is 3-4 kilometers per square kilometer.
According to the statistical bulletin of Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Statistics, the total resident population in Shanghai at the end of 20 152700 increased by 104 1000 compared with the end of 20 14.
Statistics show that at the end of 20 15, the registered population in Shanghai was 1436200, and the foreign resident population was 98 16500. Compared with the end of 20 14, the foreign resident population decreased by 147700, a year-on-year decrease of 1.5%.