The first teaching idea
Starting from objective reality, putting forward facts, reasoning, giving sufficient reasons and drawing clear conclusions are of great benefit to improving students' logical thinking and reasoning ability, and should guide students to learn. Through the study of countermeasures in Longzhong, students can understand how Zhuge Liang correctly analyzed the situation at that time, inferred the future development from objective reality, and determined Liu Bei's policies and strategies for establishing imperial industry, so as to understand Zhuge Liang's extraordinary political and military talents and outstanding foresight. Pay attention to the principle of "combination of reading and writing" in the teaching process.
Class arrangement
2 class hours
first kind
Teaching content and steps
First, introduce the political situation at that time and introduce new lessons.
1. Show the prepared map of the Three Kingdoms.
2. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, political corruption led farmers to hold an uprising under cruel exploitation and oppression. Among them, the Yellow Scarf Uprising in 184 was the most powerful.
3. The rulers of the Eastern Han Dynasty used the local strongmen to suppress the peasant rebels, so the local strongmen expanded their power and fought with each other. At that time, Yuan Shao occupied the present Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi and northern Henan provinces. After Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao's hundreds of thousands of troops in the battle of Guandu in 200 A.D., he completely occupied Yuan Shao's territory in 206 A.D. and became a powerful warlord. Almost the whole Yellow River basin was under his control.
Sun Quan occupies the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, including the south of Jiangsu Province and the north of Zhejiang Province, as well as Xuancheng in Anhui Province and Ji 'an in Jiangxi Province. According to Liu Biao, there is Jingzhou, Hubei Province. Liu Zhang occupied what is now Sichuan Province. Zhang Lu occupied Hanzhong area in northern Sichuan.
Liu Bei began to suppress the Yellow Scarf Army in A.D. 186, with only a few thousand troops and no territory. Once attached to Cao Cao, Yuan Shao and others. When Cao Cao was at war with Yuan Shao, Liu Bei was sent to Runan by Yuan Shao to disturb Cao Cao's rear. In 20 1 year, Cao Cao rushed to Jingzhou to surrender to Liu Biao and stationed in Xinye (now Xinye, Henan Province) to guard the north gate of Jingzhou in case of Cao Cao.
In 207 AD, on the recommendation of Xu Shu, Liu Bei personally visited Zhuge Liang in Longzhong, 20 miles west of Xiangyang County, Hubei Province, and asked Zhuge Liang for help. Zhuge Liang was only 26 years old. That is, from this year on, Zhuge Liang became Liu Bei's strategist and assisted Liu Bei in establishing the Shu-Han regime.
Second, write on the blackboard and solve problems.
Yes, countermeasures. The political and military strategy of ancient subjects answering questions from rulers is called "countermeasures". Longzhong Dui is the third time that Liu Bei visited Zhuge Liang in 2007 (the 12th year of Jian 'an of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty), and Zhuge Liang responded to Liu Bei's questions.
Third, guide students to read the text accurately
1. Students read silently. Students are required to use reference books and notes to eliminate text barriers within a certain period of time.
The dragon mother (lǒng) is declining (tuí) and rampant (chāngjué).
Be merciful (xiu), go abroad (yu), believe in human righteousness (to "expand")
2. Teachers demonstrate reading and students perceive the whole text as a whole.
3. Students read aloud alone, while others listen carefully. Accurate pronunciation, accurate sentences, clear sentence reading and uninterrupted sentences are required.
4. Students read the full text together.
Fourth, read the text and make clear the structure of the article.
The first part (1 paragraph): Zhuge Liang compares himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi.
The second part (the second paragraph): Xu Shu recommended Zhuge Liang.
The third part (paragraphs 3, 4 and 5): Liu Bei went to see him, and Zhuge Liang expounded the countermeasures.
The fourth part (paragraph 6): Liu Bei's esteem for Zhuge Liang.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Teachers and students analyze the contents of the first and second parts together.
1. What is the role of the first part in the full text?
Clarity: introducer and identity.
2. What did Xu Shu mean when he said Zhuge Liang was "Wolong"? Why did he ask Liu Bei to visit Zhuge Liang himself?
Ming: The metaphor of "Wolong" vividly depicts Zhuge Liang's superhuman intelligence, and once again shows that Zhuge Liang is an extraordinary person who lives in seclusion in Shan Ye. In Xu Shu's view, "driving for nothing" means "appropriate", and "all coming" means "bending", which highlights Zhuge Liang's talent. It paved the way for the later article "Go to the place three times and you will see it".
Distribution of intransitive verbs
Read the text carefully.
Second lesson
Teaching content and steps
Students read the third part of the text.
Second, guide students to analyze the third part
This part is the main body of the full text. In this part, Zhuge Liang brilliantly analyzed the world situation at that time, inferred the future development, and determined Liu Bei's policies and strategies for establishing hegemony and reviving the Han Dynasty.
1. What was Liu Bei's attitude and mood when he visited Zhuge Liang for the third time? What movements and language can you see?
Obviously, "three trips are for seeing" not only shows Zhuge Liang's cautious character, but also shows Liu Bei's thirst for talent. According to the characteristics of the current situation, he expressed his lifelong ambition and asked about the plan to revive the Han Dynasty. The conversation is concise and decent, the tone is euphemistic, and the attitude is modest and sincere, showing anxiety about the Korean family.
2. How about Zhuge Liang's direct answer from Cao Cao? Why?
Clear: no. Because analyzing the situation first is based on Liu Bei's explanation of the situation in the conversation, and analyzing the situation at the same time provides a basis for determining the following strategies.
3. Why do you want to analyze Cao Cao first? What's the truth? What is the conclusion?
Clear: Because Cao Cao created "the dust of the Lord" and "the downfall of the Han family", he is Liu Bei's number one enemy, and he must believe that righteousness is above the world. Cao Yuan, on the other hand, strongly affirmed Cao Cao's excellent strategy, powerful strength and superior political position with facts. Draw the conclusion that the strength is too great to be an enemy.
4. So from what aspects is Sun Quan analyzed? What is the conclusion?
Clarity: analysis from the aspects of political power, geographical location and humanistic harmony. The conclusion is that the contradiction between Sun and Sun is caused by foreign aid.
5. What are the benefits of Jingzhou to Liu Bei? How did Zhuge Liang hint at Liu Bei?
Clear: Jingzhou's advantages are rich products, military fortress and Liu Biao's incompetence. Therefore, Zhuge Liang hinted at Liu Bei by rhetorical question, which was implicit and measured, and skillfully conveyed the message that Jingzhou was desirable and could not miss the opportunity.
6. Why analyze Yizhou? What advantages does Zhuge Liang think Yizhou has?
Clear: As Jingzhou extends in all directions and is a battleground for military strategists, it can only be the periphery, not the main base, so the last analysis is Yizhou. The advantages of Yizhou are: the terrain is dangerous, easy to defend and difficult to attack; A natural granary with superior conditions; When the regime is shaken, the people's hearts are lost. So if there is an opportunity, Yizhou can be used as a reliable base.
7. After establishing the base area, what did Zhuge Liang tell Liu Bei to do further?
Clear: after the settlement of the base area, a three-legged trend has been formed. But how to achieve "faithfulness is above the world", "hegemony" and "prosperity of Han"? So Zhuge Liang further planned the strategic blueprint of Liu Bei's northern expedition to Cao Cao, and pointed out how to act after the establishment of the base area.
How to explore Cao Cao in the north can be analyzed from three aspects:
(1) What are the conditions?
(1) political capital; 2 win the hearts of the people; 3 talent collection.
(2) How to prepare?
(1) Militarily, we should first defend Jing and Yi to preserve our strength;
(2) In ethnic relations, "harmony" and "caress" the tribes to relieve their worries;
(3) Diplomatic alliance with Sun Quan, * * * against Cao Cao;
④ Innovating internal politics.
(3) How to act?
(1) bide your time and divide your troops into two ways; (2) The pincer-like offensive went straight to the Central Plains.
Only in this way can we achieve hegemony and prosper the Han Dynasty. "The late Lord said,' Good'!" Implicitly revealed Liu Bei's inner infinite joy, indicating that their political views are completely consistent.
In this countermeasure, Zhuge Liang analyzed the situation of the enemy and the common interests of both sides in detail according to Liu Bei's questions and the objective situation at that time, and made a detailed and detailed plan for Liu Bei's founding of the country. Judging from the historical facts of the tripartite confrontation formed later, its foresight is completely correct. This fully shows Zhuge Liang's amazing political and military talents and outstanding insight.
This passage is not only incisive in content, but also full of arguments, profound in level, conclusive in facts, well-founded and clear in conclusion. This reasoning method and strict logical thinking are worth learning and using for reference.
Third, the teacher's comments on the fourth paragraph.
Finally, writing "Guan Yu and Zhang Fei broke up in discord" actually illustrates Liu Bei's dependence on Zhuge Liang from the side. The metaphor of "there is still water in the fish" vividly reveals Liu Bei's satisfaction after getting Zhuge Liang, and proves that Zhuge Liang's amazing talent is really worthy of the name, thus naturally taking care of the people who compare themselves with Guan Zhong and Le Yi and are called Wolong at the beginning.
Fourth, homework
1. Read and recite the fourth paragraph.
2. Translate the following passage into modern Chinese:
Zhuge Liang, the word Kongming, is also from Langya, Yang Du; Zhuge Feng, a captain transferred from the Han Dynasty, is also a queen. Father and heir, word, Taishan people at the end of Han Dynasty. Bright and lonely; Xuan followed his father and was appointed as the prefect by Yuan Shu. Xuan and his brother are both officials. During the Han Dynasty, Zhu Hao was chosen as the Xuan, and Su Xuan and Jingzhou Liu Mu used it. Xuanzu, Lianggeng Long Mu ...
Chapter II Teaching Objectives:
1, learn the way the ancients said theoretical things in a certain order.
2. Master the method of describing the central figure by combining front description with side description.
3. Grasp the characters' thoughts and feelings by reading aloud.
Learning focus:
1. How did Zhuge Liang put forward his own strategy?
2. What are the main writing methods used in the full text?
Teaching steps:
First, import
1. Students can tell stories, idioms and allusions by exchanging their images of Zhuge obtained from literary works, folklore and film and television dramas.
2. Historical background
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty collapsed, the situation was chaotic, the local regime was divided, and talents chose their masters. Liu Bei, a descendant of the Han dynasty, has the ambition to revive the Han dynasty, but he is too weak to compete with the pack. In order to realize the great cause of reunification, Liu Guang recruited talented people and made a grand plan. At this time, Zhuge Liang "cultivated Long Mu" and stayed away from the world. Liu Bei visited the cottage and sincerely accepted the sage. Finally, he invited Wolong to come out of the mountain and started the great cause of recovery according to Zhuge Liang's opinion.
Step 3 solve the problem
This article is about Liu Bei's conversation with Zhuge Liang when he came to the cottage for the third time. "Yes" is a bottom-up answer. This refers to "countermeasures", which refers to Zhuge Liang's answer to the question of Liu Bei's rejuvenation. Zhuge Liang's Countermeasures planned a practical three-step strategy for Liu Bei, which was the program guiding Liu Bei's actions in the next few years and later became Liu Bei's national policy.
Second, the first reading, the perception of the text
1, dredge words and phrases according to the notes and understand the main idea of the article.
2, through self-study, basically familiar with the content of the article.
Third, reading and thinking.
1. How did Zhuge Liang analyze the situation and put forward strategies step by step through reasoning?
Clear: the world-for Cao Cao, you can't compete with it; For sun quan, it can be for aid but not for profit; For Jing and Yi, we can catch them. Three-step strategy-focusing on Jingzhou; Seize Yizhou; Unite Wu to destroy Cao and unify the whole country.
2. Since you are writing about Zhuge Liang, why should you spend your pen and ink on Xu Shu, Zhang Fei, Guan Yu and others?
Clarity: The description of Zhuge Liang's words and deeds is both positive and side, which makes the characters full. Xu Shu has the function of drawing out the plot, and Guan and Zhang also have the function of foreshadowing.
3. What is the "literary eye" of this article?
This paper first briefly explains that Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong, and then points out that he "compared himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi, and no one else could make a promise". This sentence is the "literary eye" of this article, and the whole text revolves around this sentence, which is suspense and fascinating.
4. How did Xu Shu compare Zhuge Liang to "Wolong"?
This metaphor vividly shows that Zhuge Liang is an extraordinary person who lives in seclusion in Shan Ye and has superhuman wisdom ("Dragon" is a legendary animal, and "Wolong" means that although he is lying on the grass at present, he will fly for nine days in case of a storm).
Liu Bei said he was smart, "There is water in the fish". What does this mean?
Taking care of the beginning once again sets off Zhuge Liang's outstanding talent from the side. This metaphor also shows Liu Bei's trust and great satisfaction to Zhuge Liang.
6. What are the main writing methods used in the full text?
The first is to highlight Zhuge Liang's conduct, personality, foresight and talent from different angles with positive description and side comparison.
Second, around Zhuge Liang, focus is prominent and the center is clear.
Fourth, the teacher summary
Verb (abbreviation for verb) assigns homework.