1923 In February, under the leadership of China Trade Union Secretariat, Han Jing railway workers held high the banner of anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism, and held a general strike of Han Jing railway workers that shocked the world (that is, the "February 27" strike), striving for the establishment of the Han Jing Railway General Union and the political rights of the working class, which pushed the first climax of the China workers' movement to a climax.

(1923 In February, the Han Jing Railway Federation of Trade Unions was established in Zhengzhou. The right picture shows the delegates taking a group photo. )

The "February 27th" strike occurred when the people of China rebelled against the cruel rule of imperialism and feudal warlords, and the workers' movement in China turned from an economic struggle for a better life to a political struggle for freedom.

Nationally, from the beginning of the Hong Kong seamen's strike in June 1922 to the end of February 1923, the national strike climax lasted for 13 months, the number of strikes exceeded 100, and more than 300,000 workers participated. At that time, there were 270,000 organized workers in China. The China Trade Union Secretariat plans to set up the Han Jing Railway Federation of Trade Unions first, then all the trade unions, and then the National Railway Federation of Trade Unions as the general organ of the railway workers' movement; Industrial trade unions have been established in various cities, and then they have joined forces to form the Federation of Urban Trade Unions. The second national labor conference will be held in Wuhan on May 1923+0, in order to seek the unity and greater development of the national workers' movement.

As far as Hubei is concerned, the locomotive strike broke out in Wuzhu section of Yuehan Road on June 5438+092 10, which opened the first climax of Hubei workers' movement centered on Wuhan. Strike struggles mainly occurred in warlord governments, government-run enterprises, government-run commercial enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises, which dealt a heavy blow to warlord governments and imperialism. However, in strike movements and trade union organizations, the working class has repeatedly been oppressed and intimidated by imperialism and feudal warlords. In the struggle, the working class learned that if they want to improve their lives, they must fight for their freedom rights. The strike struggle naturally developed from an economic struggle to a political struggle for freedom of assembly and association and against imperialism and warlords. As a result of political struggle, workers organized workers' clubs or trade unions, and then local general trade unions and industrial general trade unions came into being, which enabled the working class in Hubei to have a unified and powerful organization and leadership, and the working class grew into the vanguard and backbone of China's democratic revolution in the struggle.

Imperialism and feudal warlords regard the great development of the workers' movement and trade union organizations as a threat to them, and they want to stifle the emerging workers' movement in the cradle. Under the guise of "protecting labor", Wu is actively preparing to deal with the workers' movement behind his back. He ordered the organization of a "youth league" and asked them to learn to drive a motorcycle in order to replace the workers when necessary, which was strongly opposed by the workers. He also ordered Yun Feng, the section chief of the southern section of the Beijing-Han Railway, to organize a "Fan Youhui" to split the workers' ranks and try his best to offset the influence of the * * * production party among the workers, but except for a few workers, no workers participated. After these conspiracies failed, Wu tore off the disguise of "protecting labor" and carried out a bloody crackdown on Beijing-Han railway workers.

Beiyang warlords blocked the inaugural meeting of the Beijing-Han Railway Federation of Trade Unions by force, which was the fuse of the Beijing-Han Railway strike.

The preparations for the Jinghan Railway Federation of Trade Unions are completely open. The purpose and place of the preparatory meeting will be published in various newspapers and reported by Zhao Jixian, director of Hunan Railway Bureau. Zhao Jixian plays both sides. On the surface, he agreed to hold the inaugural meeting of the Federation of Trade Unions, but secretly telegraphed Wu, demanding that the Federation of Trade Unions be banned. Wu saw that it would be more effective for more than 20,000 workers on the road to further unite against the Beijing government, so he had already made preparations to suppress the workers' movement, and ordered the inaugural meeting of the Railway Federation of Trade Unions to "plan ahead and try to stop it".

1 92365438+1October 3 1 day, five representatives of the Preparatory Committee, Yang Defu, Ling Chufan, Li, went to Luoyang to negotiate with Wu, and thought that:1,according to the Provisional Law of the Republic of China, people have the freedom of assembly and association; 2. Electrification "protecting labor" is one of Wu's "four political propositions" and should not be broken; 3, the meeting has been prepared for a long time, and approved by the director of the railway bureau; Representatives from all over the country gathered in Zhengzhou, and the conference was imperative. In this regard, Wu sneered at "I don't care from left to right" and left.

That night, delegates to Luoyang rushed back to Zhengzhou to hold an emergency meeting of railway representatives and decided to hold the inaugural meeting of the Beijing-Han Railway Federation of Trade Unions as originally planned.

1 923 In the early morning of February1,Zhengzhou was under emergency martial law, and the military and police were armed with live ammunition and lined up along the street. At 0: 00 a.m./kloc-0: 00 a.m., Xiang Ying led representatives from various roads, stations and working groups to leave Wuzhou Hotel and go to Huadigang Puleyuan Theater. Not far from the venue, he was stopped by armed men and deadlocked for about 2 hours. Xiang Ying, together with Lin Xiangqian and Shi Yang, led the workers' representatives to escort the masses to break through the military and police blockade, tear off the seals on the doors, break into the venue and announce in the venue surrounded by a large number of military and police: "Han Jing Railway Federation of Trade Unions was established!" The Congress elected Yang Defu as the chairman of the Federation of Trade Unions, Ling Chufan and Shi Wenbin as the vice-chairmen and Xiang Ying as the director-general. At this time, Zhengzhou police chief Huang Dianchen shouted: "The dissolution is limited to 5 minutes, and some rebels engage in military law!" At 4 pm, the inaugural meeting of Han Jing Railway Federation of Trade Unions was forced to declare the meeting under the pressure of warlords. At the same time, the hotel where the delegates and guests stayed was also surrounded by military police, and the staff were not allowed to walk and talk at will; Trade union federations are heavily occupied and workers are prohibited from entering and leaving; All the documents and things in the room were destroyed; Plaques, gifts, etc. All donations from various organizations were smashed and discarded on the roadside; Delegates and guests from all over the country were ordered to leave Zhengzhou.

That night, the Federation of Trade Unions held a secret meeting and decided to launch a general strike of the whole railway to resist the military oppression of warlords. And for practical convenience, it was decided to move the Federation of Trade Unions to Jiang 'an office. In its strike resolution, the Federation of Trade Unions called the strike a "fight for freedom and human rights". The meeting decided to immediately set up a General Strike Committee, with Yang Defu as the chairman of the Railway Strike Committee and a former strike leader in Jiang 'an.