"No free man shall be arrested or imprisoned except in accordance with their equal legal judgment or land law. Big * * * is one of the most famous and respected documents in the world. It is the basis of many future legal documents to ensure the personal rights and responsibilities of those in power. As a practical measure to solve temporary problems, the declaration aimed at applying to the elite has remarkable persistence and influence.
The spark that led to the great * * * occurred on 12 15 May 12, and the nobles in King John revolted. King John attaches great importance to "the sacred rights of kings". He taxed his barons to the point of extortion and gave justice to the royal family in the way he thought fit until his wrong rule became unbearable.
Rebelling against the king of England is nothing new, but only a few times, and its purpose is not entirely to seize power and push a specific new throne claimant to the throne. In this case, the barons intend to end the oppression system of King John. 1215 65438+10, a large group of them promised to "fight for the freedom of the church and the kingdom", and in May, the king was retreated to the corner.
Great * * * is based on other British kings, especially 1 100 King Henry I. He promised to rule justly, give the church more financial resources and reduce royal interference in aristocratic marriage and inheritance. These promises are mainly empty, but they became the outline of barons in 12 15. There is a key difference. This document 1 100 was given to his nobles by a king. The document drafted in 12 15 was an ultimatum issued by the nobles to the king.
The original intention was not to guarantee the freedom of all subjects of the king, as people generally believed in the19th century, but as a peace treaty between the king and the baron, how the two sides interacted from the legal point of view. It does not include the protection of serfs and other non-free subjects, who account for a large proportion under the rule of these rulers.
But in the end, it failed to stop the war between nobles, because both sides did not abide by the provisions in the document. Fighting broke out in September 2005. In addition, although John signed the big * * *, he immediately wrote to Pope Innocent III, complaining about how he did it under extreme coercion. The Pope declared Da * * invalid and excommunicated all rebels. However, in 1225, the new king Henry III proposed a short version as his coronation.
Finally, Da * * contains legal elements that still exist, but it is not mainly related to kings, barons and other elites. It has evolved into a legal development between rulers and all subjects, no matter how low their status is. It paved the way for the American Bill of Rights and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and also paved the way for people to generally believe that no one should be above the law.
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