He Lv, the king of Wu, defeated Chu and became the overlord of the south. The State of Wu has never clashed with the nearby State of Yue (the capital is now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). In 496 BC, Gou Jian, King of Yue, ascended the throne. The prince of Wu took advantage of the recent funeral in Yue State to send troops to crusade against Yue State. Wuyue and China fought a big battle in the southwest of Jiaxing, Zhejiang.

He Lv, the prince of Wu, thought he could win. Unexpectedly, he was defeated and seriously injured by an arrow. Besides, he is old. When he returned to Wu, he took a deep breath.

After the death of He Lv, the prince of Wu, his son Fu Cha acceded to the throne. When He Lv died, he said to Fu Cha:

"Don't forget to avenge Yue."

Focha remembers this charge and often reminds him. When he walked past the palace gate, his men shouted at the top of their voices, "Focha! Have you forgotten the revenge of the king of Yue for killing his father? "

Focha said with tears, "No, I dare not forget."

He asked Wu Zixu and another minister, Ai Bo (sound pǐ), to practice military forces and prepare to attack Yue.

Two years later, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, personally led an army to attack Yue. There are two very capable doctors in Viet Nam, one is Wen Zi and the other is Fan Li. He said to Gou Jian, "Wu has been practicing for almost three years. This time, I am determined to take revenge, and it is fierce. It is better to stick to the city and not fight with them. "

Gou Jian disagreed and sent troops to fight with the Wu people. The armies of the two countries fought in the Great Lakes region. The Vietnamese army was really defeated.

Gou Jian, the King of Yue, fled to Huiji with 5,000 beaten army and was besieged by Wu Jun.

Gou Jian is at his wit's end. He said to Fan Li, "I regret not listening to you and coming here. What should I do now? "

Fan Li said, "Let's make peace quickly."

Gou Jian sent Wen Zi to Wu for peace. Wen Zi said in front of Fu Cha that Gou Jian was willing to surrender. Fu Cha, the prince of Wu, wanted to agree, but Wu Zixu resolutely opposed it.

When he got back, he found that Wu was a greedy and lecherous villain, so he privately gave a batch of beautiful women and treasures, and please say a few good words in front of Fu Cha.

Fu Cha, the king of Wu, after some persuasion in front of Fu Cha, agreed to the peace of Yue despite Wu Zixu's opposition, but he wanted Gou Jian to go to Wu himself.

Wen Zi went back to report Gou Jian. Gou Jian entrusted the affairs of state to Wen Zi and came to Wu with his wife and Fan Li.

When Gou Jian arrived in Wu, Fu Cha let the couple live in a stone house next to He Lv's tomb and let Gou Jian feed the horses. Fan Li followed closely as a slave. Every time Fu Cha goes out by car, Gou Jian gives him a Lama. After two years, Fu Cha thought that Gou Jian had sincerely surrendered to him and let him go home.

When Gou Jian returned to Yue State, he was determined to avenge himself. Afraid that the ease in front of him would stifle his ambition, he hung a gallbladder where he ate. Whenever he eats, he first tastes the bitterness, and then asks himself, "Have you forgotten Huiji's shame?" He also took off the mat and made a mattress out of straw. This is "Taste the Gallbladder" recited by later generations.

Gou Jian decided to make Yue rich and strong. He personally took part in farming and let his wife weave her own cloth to encourage production. Due to the disaster of national subjugation, Yue's population decreased greatly, so he formulated a system of rewarding childbirth. He let Wen Zi manage state affairs, let Fan Li cultivate talents, listen to others' opinions with an open mind and help the poor. People all over the country are eager to make more efforts to turn this oppressed country into a powerful one.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, led an army to attack Yue with his strong national strength. As a result, Gou Jian, the king of Yue, was arrested. In order to humiliate the king of Yue, he was sent to look after the tomb and feed the horses. Although the King of Yue was not convinced, he tried to pretend to be obedient. When he went out, he led the horse ahead. When the king of Wu was ill, he tried to take care of himself before his bed. The prince of Wu saw that he was so dedicated and felt that he was very loyal to himself, and finally allowed him to return to Yue. After returning home, the King of Yue was determined to wash away the shame of being a prisoner in the State of Wu. In order to warn himself not to forget revenge, he slept on a hard firewood every day and hung a gallbladder on the door, and tasted it before eating and sleeping to remind himself to learn a lesson. He often goes to the people to inspect their feelings, solve problems for them, let them live and work in peace and contentment, and at the same time strengthen the training of the army. After ten years of hard struggle, the state of Yue became rich and powerful, so the King of Yue personally led an army to attack the State of Wu and won. Fu Cha, the king of Wu, committed suicide in shame after the defeat. Later, Yue entered the Central Plains and became a big country at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period.

What is the historical background? In 496 BC, He Lv, the king of Wu, sent troops to attack the state of Yue, and was defeated by Gou Jian, the king of Yue. He Lu was also seriously injured. Before he died, he asked his son Focha to avenge him.

Fu Cha remembered his father's words and stepped up training day and night, ready to attack Yue. Two years later, Fu Cha led his troops to defeat Gou Jian, who was surrounded and committed suicide.

At this time, Wen Zi, the counselor, advised him: "The minister of Wu, Ai Bo, is greedy for money and lustful, so he can send someone to bribe him." Gou Jian listened to Wen Zi's advice and sent him to bribe his uncle with treasure. Uncle promised Wen Zi to meet the prince of Wu.

When Wen Zi met the King of Wu, he presented a treasure and said, "The King of Yue is willing to surrender and be your servant. Please forgive him. " Abel also stood by to help Wen Zi speak.

Wu Zixu stood up and protested loudly: "People often say' root causes should be eradicated', Gou Jian is far-sighted, and Wen Zi and Fan Li are smart and capable. If they are released this time, they will definitely find ways to get revenge when they go back!" At that time, Fu Cha thought that the state of Yue was dying, so he did not listen to Wu Zixu's advice, agreed to the surrender of the state of Yue, and withdrew his troops to the state of Wu. After the withdrawal of troops from Wu, Gou Jian came to Wu with his wife and doctor Fan Li, served the king of Wu, herded cattle and sheep, and finally won the king's love and trust.

Three years later, they were released and returned to China. After returning to China, Gou Jian was determined to make a fortune and prepare for revenge.

He was afraid that he would covet an easy life and stifle his ambition for revenge. At night, he sleeps on a pile of straw with weapons on his pillow. He also hung a gallbladder at home and tasted it every morning. The soldier outside asked him, "Have you forgotten the shame of three years?" He put Wen Zi in charge of state affairs and Fan Li in charge of the army. He personally went to the fields to work with farmers, and his wife also spun and woven. Gou Jian's behavior touched the officials and people of Yue State. After ten years of hard struggle, the state of Yue finally became armed, from weak to strong.

Fu Cha, the prince of Wu, is obsessed with hegemony, regardless of the sufferings of people's livelihood. He also listened to Abreu's evil words and killed Wu Zixu, a loyal minister.

In the end, Fuxi claimed to be the king and the vassal. But at this time, Wu, seemingly powerful, has actually gone downhill.

In 482 BC, Fu Cha personally led the army to the north, competing with the State of Jin for the title of vassal. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, used the elite troops of the State of Wu to make a surprise attack, defeated Wu Bing in one fell swoop and killed his prince friend. After hearing the news, Fu Cha hurried home and sent someone to make peace with Gou Jian.

Gou Jian estimated that Wu could not be destroyed at once, so he agreed. In 478 BC, Gou Jian personally led troops to attack Wu for the second time.

At this time, the State of Wu was already a spent force, unable to withstand the strong onslaught of the Vietnamese army, and suffered repeated defeats. Finally, Fu Cha sent someone to make peace with Gou Jian, and Fan Li insisted on destroying Wu.

Fu Cha saw that peace could not be achieved and regretted not listening to Wu Zixu's advice. He was so ashamed that he drew his sword and committed suicide. Extended data:

Fu Cha made great efforts to govern Fu Cha after he ascended the throne, and continued to reuse Wu Zixu and Aibo, training horses diligently, making great efforts to govern and preparing for revenge.

Two years later, Fu Cha led an army to attack Yue. At that time, two ministers of Yue told Gou Jian that Wu had been training for almost three years, and this time it was a threat. We might as well defend the city and polish their spirit.

Gou Jian is still immersed in the pride of defeating Wu Jun. He thinks Wu Jun's fighting capacity is nothing to be afraid of. He didn't listen to the advice of Wen Zi and Fan Li, and led an army to take the initiative to fight. In 494 BC, the two armies of wuyue launched a fierce battle in Taihu Lake. As a result, the Vietnamese army was defeated. Gou Jian fled to Huiji with 5,000 beaten army, and was besieged by Wu Jun.

Gou Jian sent Wen Zi to Wu Jun camp for peace and expressed his willingness to surrender. The State of Yue will always submit to the State of Wu, and Gou Jian will always be the servant of the King of Wu. Fu Cha asked his ministers, and Wu Zixu explicitly opposed it. The reason is simple: Gou Jian is not the kind of person who bows his head and admits his mistakes. If he doesn't completely destroy Yue State now, he will regret it in the future.

However, those who accepted Yue's beauty advised Fu Cha to accept Yue's surrender. The final decision, of course, is Fu Cha.

People like Fucha, who covet fame and gain real profits, won face and lost their lining, as did Gou Jian and the later Huangchi meeting. Gou Jian made a groom for Fu Cha, which was particularly conspicuous. He even tried to treat him with the feces of Fuzha tea. Focha's vanity was greatly satisfied. He felt that Gou Jian had completely surrendered and asked him to return to Yue.

When Gou Jian returned to Yue State, he was determined to avenge himself. Ten years later, he learned ten years' lessons. Finally, the counterattack destroyed Wu. There is a famous idiom in this story, that is, eat one's bread and taste one's courage.

But what's interesting is that Gou Jian is brave and resourceful, and I'm afraid the sleeping salary may not be true. Zuo Zhuan recorded a lot of historical materials about Gou Jian, the king of Yue, but did not mention that the king of Yue had neither paid nor tasted courage.

Sima Qian, the Taishi Duke, recorded Gou Jian's bravery in Historical Records, but did not mention his salary. This idiom first appeared in Su Dongpo's Imitation of Sun Quan's Answer to Cao Cao's Book, but Su Dongpo joked that Sun Quan "tasted courage".

In the Southern Song Dynasty, scholars talked about Fu Cha, the king of Wu who made a living in Zuo's Family Biography. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Hui also said that Fu Cha rewarded his father by making a living, but this statement did not bother him. But from the Southern Song Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, stories about Gou Jian began to appear in various novels, notes and zaju.

It may not matter whether Gou Jian tasted courage, or whether it was Fu Tea that first tasted courage. After Fu Cha conquered Yue State, he didn't care about Gou Jian at all, and his goal was always aimed at the vassal states of the Central Plains. Baidu Encyclopedia-People's Daily Online-"Sleeping on salary and tasting courage" began in the Song Dynasty when Gou Jian tasted courage and didn't sleep on salary.

More than two thousand years ago, there were two countries in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, one was Wu and the other was Yue.

They all want to conquer each other and make their country strong. In the first world war, Yue was defeated.

The King of Yue, Gou Jian, had no choice but to send someone to make peace with Fu Cha, the king of Wu, and expressed his willingness to take his wife to Wu and be his slave. The advisers of the King of Wu demanded that the State of Yue be destroyed to avoid future troubles.

The victorious prince of Wu was so proud that he agreed to Gou Jian's request despite everyone's suggestions. Gou Jian and his wife came to Wu, put on coarse cloth, lived in a stone house, raised horses for the king of Wu, plowed the fields and planted rice, and suffered humiliation.

They worked in Wu for three years before returning to their own country. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, never forgot to avenge himself after he returned to China.

During the day, he personally went to the fields to farm; At night, I sleep on firewood. He also hung a gallbladder at home. Before every meal, he always tastes its bitterness to remind himself that he will never forget the shame of failure.

After more than 20 years' efforts, the State of Yue finally became stronger from weakness, and the State of Wu was wiped out by looters.

Gou Jian, King of Yue, was trapped in Kuaiji Mountain. He sighed, "am I finished here?" Wen Zhong said: "The shopping mall was once imprisoned in Xiatai, Zhou Wenwang was once imprisoned in Shili, Jin Wengong struggled (was accused) and went out of Zhai Guo, and Qi Huangong Xiaobai avoided chaos and got rid of moss. They finally established hegemony. From this point of view.

Why can't it be turned into happiness? After the heavenly king pardoned the King of Yue, Gou Jian, the King of Yue, returned to his native land, so he personally experienced the pain and deeply reflected. He put the gallbladder next to his seat, sat down and looked up. When he ate, he saw the gallbladder and tasted it. He often said to himself, "Have you forgotten the shame of recording failure?" He personally went to the fields, and his wife personally weaved, eating without meat, and * * * had more than two kinds of colorful clothes. She lowered herself to be kind to the wise, to the guests, to help poor families, to sympathize with the families of the deceased, and to work as hard as the people. Gou Jian's encirclement will be inspected. He chewed it and sighed, "What will happen in the end?" Confucius said, "The soup is the summer platform, the king of Wen is imprisoned in the wheat field, and Jin is struggling and struggling.

If you look at it, why are you not blessed? "Wu has forgiven Yue, and Gou Jian, the king of Yue, is a traitor, but he is anxious and afraid to sit, sit and lie down, and dare not eat. Yue: "That woman will remember shame? "Mrs White fuck, self-weaving, food without meat, clothing is not heavy, tribute sages, thick guest, poor, and work with the people.

Source Su Shi's "Quasi-Sun Quan Answers Cao Cao's Book" in the Northern Song Dynasty: I have been paying my due since the left, lamenting the transcendence of the sun and the moon, sighing that my fame is not established, I have assumed the loyalty that my predecessors have not reported, and I am ignorant of others. Moreover, the power of the ancestors showed virtue in martial arts. If the power works, you will have extraordinary ambitions. If you don't show it, won't it hurt your family? The original "Historical Records" is written like this: "Gou Jian, the King of Yue, came back to China and suffered from anxiety, so he was afraid to sit down and eat."

There is only "tasting courage" here, and there is no mention of "lying on the salary". This idiom was created by Su Shi, who used his imagination to joke about Sun Quan's "taste courage on salary". Extended data:

The historical textual research of 1 and the historical part of two generations of kings in Zuo Zhuan recorded a lot of records of Gou Jian, the king of Yue, who was in power, but did not mention that he slept and tasted courage. Wu Yu and Yu Yue in Guoyu recorded wuyue's struggle, but there was no narrative of Gou Jian's hard work.

In Historical Records of Goujian's Family, only Goujian is recorded: the gallbladder hangs in front of the bed, which can be seen when sitting or lying down, and can be tasted when eating. Sima Qian believed that Gou Jian had the taste of courage and resourcefulness, but he didn't mention the matter of sleeping on his laurels.

When did the idiom "salary and courage" appear? 2. Su Shi, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote an article "Quasi-Sun Quan answers Cao Cao's book". In the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi wrote a false letter to Cao Cao for Sun Quan of the Three Kingdoms. In the letter, Su Shi used his imagination and joked that Sun Quan was "having a hard time".

This imaginary thing has nothing to do with Gou Jian. In the Southern Song Dynasty, in the Legend of Zuo's Family, it was said that Fu Cha, the prince of Wu, "lived on his salary and tasted bravery".

Zhang Pu of Ming Dynasty said in Chunqiu that Fu Cha's position was to avenge his father and encourage himself. Baidu encyclopedia-taste the courage.

He Lv, the king of Wu, defeated Chu and became the overlord of the south.

The State of Wu has never clashed with the nearby State of Yue (the capital is now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). In 496 BC, Gou Jian, King of Yue, ascended the throne.

The prince of Wu took advantage of the recent funeral in Yue State to send troops to crusade against Yue State. Wuyue and China fought a big battle in the southwest of Jiaxing, Zhejiang.

He Lv, the prince of Wu, thought he could win. Unexpectedly, he was defeated and seriously injured by an arrow. Besides, he is old. When he returned to Wu, he took a deep breath. After the death of He Lv, the prince of Wu, his son Fu Cha acceded to the throne.

When he and Lu died, he said to Fu Cha, "Don't forget to avenge Yue." Focha remembers this charge and often reminds him.

When he walked past the palace gate, his men shouted at the top of their voices, "Focha! Have you forgotten the revenge of the king of Yue for killing his father? " Focha said with tears, "No, I dare not forget." He asked Wu Zixu and another minister, Ai Bo (sound pǐ), to practice military forces and prepare to attack Yue.

Two years later, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, personally led an army to attack Yue. There are two very capable doctors in Viet Nam, one is Wen Zi and the other is Fan Li.

He said to Gou Jian, "Wu has been practicing for almost three years. This time, I am determined to take revenge, and it is fierce.

We might as well hold the city and not fight them. "Gou Jian didn't agree, and sent an army to fight with Wu Guoren.

The armies of the two countries fought in the Great Lakes region. The Vietnamese army was really defeated.

Gou Jian, the King of Yue, fled to Huiji with 5,000 beaten army and was besieged by Wu Jun. Gou Jian was at his wit's end.

He said to Fan Li, "I regret not listening to you and coming here. What should I do now? " Fan Li said, "Let's make peace quickly."

Gou Jian sent Wen Zi to Wu for peace. Wen Zi said in front of Fu Cha that Gou Jian was willing to surrender.

Fu Cha, the prince of Wu, wanted to promise, but Wu Zixu resolutely opposed it. When he got back, he found that Wu was a greedy and lecherous villain, so he privately gave a batch of beautiful women and treasures, and please say a few good words in front of Fu Cha.

Fu Cha, the king of Wu, after some persuasion in front of Fu Cha, agreed to the peace of Yue despite Wu Zixu's opposition, but he wanted Gou Jian to go to Wu himself. Wen Zi went back to report Gou Jian.

Gou Jian entrusted the affairs of state to Wen Zi and came to Wu with his wife and Fan Li. When Gou Jian arrived in Wu, Fu Cha let the couple live in a stone house next to He Lv's tomb and let Gou Jian feed the horses.

Fan Li followed closely as a slave. Every time Fu Cha goes out by car, Gou Jian gives him a Lama. After two years, Fu Cha thought that Gou Jian had sincerely surrendered to him and let him go home.

When Gou Jian returned to Yue State, he was determined to avenge himself. Afraid that the ease in front of him would stifle his ambition, he hung a gallbladder where he ate. Whenever he eats, he first tastes the bitterness, and then asks himself, "Have you forgotten Huiji's shame?" He also took off the mat and made a mattress out of straw.

This is "Taste the Gallbladder" recited by later generations. Gou Jian decided to make Yue rich and strong. He personally took part in farming and let his wife weave her own cloth to encourage production.

Due to the disaster of national subjugation, Yue's population decreased greatly, so he formulated a system of rewarding childbirth. He let Wen Zi manage state affairs, let Fan Li cultivate talents, listen to others' opinions with an open mind and help the poor.

People all over the country are eager to make more efforts to turn this oppressed country into a powerful one.

Gou Jian's Historical Materials: In the 24th year of Zhou Dynasty (496 BC), He Lv, the king of Wu, died.

His son Fu Cha acceded to the throne and vowed to take revenge. In the 25th year of the Zhou Dynasty (495 BC), Fu Cha appointed the doctor as Taizai, and learned to shoot from him to repay the shame of the Battle of Li.

In the spring of the 26th week (494 BC), Fu Cha, the king of Wu, led an army to attack Vietnam and avenged his father. He defeated the Vietnamese army in Fuyue (now north of Shaoxing, Zhejiang) and the Vietnamese army retreated to Huiji Mountain (now southeast of Shaoxing, Zhejiang). Gou Jian, the king of Yue, led 5000 soldiers armed to the teeth and armed with shields, and bribed Wu Taizai to make peace.

The State of Yue also offered beautiful women to Fu Cha for peace. Wu thought it inappropriate, but Fu Cha had the ambition to open up territory in the north and refused to accept Wu's words and make peace with the State of Yue. Gou Jianhe stayed in Wu Zuoren, second only to Fu Cha, and left the affairs of governing the country to him.

In the third year of Yue Dynasty (49 1), Gou Jian returned to China in the 29th year of last week, and Fu Cha, the king of Wu, was exempted from Gou Jian. He bears a grudge and is determined to get revenge. In order to sharpen his ambition and not forget his humiliation, he hung his gallbladder indoors and must have a taste before eating.

When you sleep, you should put firewood under your body to keep yourself alert. You can't be prepared for danger in times of peace and lose the determination to avenge yourself. He personally worked with the people and let his wife weave and cut clothes, eat without meat and wear without ornaments, and share joys and sorrows with the people.

After a long and arduous struggle, Yue finally rose again from failure after "ten years of reunion and ten years of lessons". In the summer of the thirty-eighth year of the Zhou Dynasty (482 BC), Gou Jian, the king of Yue, took a trip by ambush and led an army to attack Wu, defeating Wu Shi and Wu Du.

In the fourth year of Zhou Yuanwang (473 BC), Gou Jian attacked Wu again, defeated Wu Jun, and Fu Cha committed suicide. Since then, Zhou Yuanwang made Gou Jian a "Bo", that is, he was the head of the vassal, and Gou Jian dominated the vassal.

During the Warring States Period, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, attacked the state of Yue, and the king of Yue was defeated because of improper measures. In order to save his strength and make a comeback, Wen Wen persuaded Fu Cha to make peace with Zhi. However, the conditions of the King of Wu were very harsh, which forced Gou Jian to take Hehe to the State of Wu as a hostage.

The people of the state of Yue are united, and the style of writing makes great efforts to govern. However, Yue became a vassal state of Wu and was constantly bullied. Three years later, Gou Jian was released and returned to China. On the occasion of the celebration, Wu Taizai Ai Bo followed him to watch the movement of Yue State and held a beauty contest for the King of Wu, so that the unmarried couple who had been separated for three years were separated from their teachers again.

With the encouragement of the people and the assistance of literary fan Li, Gou Jian worked hard and finally completed the revival plan of literary genre. Gou Jian took advantage of Fu Cha's long-term belligerence to the outside world and indiscretion at home. He sent troops to sacrifice the flag and finally recovered his homeland.

Extended data:

The historical textual research of the historical part of the two generations of kings in Zuo Zhuan recorded a great deal about the reign of Gou Jian, the king of Yue, but did not mention that he had a hard time. Wu Yu and Yu Yue in Guoyu recorded wuyue's struggle, but there was no account of Gou Jian's hard struggle. "Biography of Gou Jian Returning to China in the Spring and Autumn Period" records that after Wang returned to China, he honed his body and mind and practiced hard day and night.

When you are extremely sleepy, "attack the enemy." Polygonum hydropiper is a very bitter dish. If there are a lot of Polygonum hydropiper dishes, it means Polygonum hydropiper pays.

When Gou Jian was sleepy, he used bitter vegetables to keep his eyes and nose awake. "Taste the gall" means tasting the bitter taste in the mouth, and "lying on the salary" means "attacking it with your eyes lying down" and not letting your eyes close to sleep.