History review outline (1)
First, the ancient residents of the motherland
1. The earliest human in China:
The earliest known human in China is Yuanmou, who made tools and knew how to use fire about1700,000 years ago.
2. Beijingers
Beijingers lived about 700,000 to 200,000 years ago. They make and use tools, use natural fires and preserve kindling, and live in groups.
Ju life
3. Neanderthals were about 30,000 years ago. They have mastered polishing and drilling techniques and can make artificial fires. Their collective life is related by blood.
A United family
Whether (1) can make tools is the fundamental difference between humans and animals. China has discovered the oldest human site in the world.
(3) China was the first country to grow rice; (4) China was the first country to grow millet.
(5) China is an early vegetable growing country in the world.
Second, the primitive farming life
About seven thousand years ago, Hemudu people lived in the Yangtze River valley.
(1) Paddy field agriculture with rice as the main crop (2) Grinding stone tools and ploughing (3) Building hedgerow houses and settling down.
(4) Digging wells to facilitate drinking water and making pottery; (5) Raising poultry; (6) Making simple jade articles and primitive musical instruments.
About five or six thousand years ago, the original inhabitants of Banpo lived in the Yellow River Basin.
(1) semi-field agriculture with millet as the main crop (2) making stone tools; (3) live in a semi-basement house and settle down.
(4) Raising pigs and dogs; (5) weaving and making painted pottery; (6) There are many kinds of food: millet (main), fish, meat and vegetables (auxiliary).
The original inhabitants of Dawenkou lived in Dawenkou, Shandong Province about four or five thousand years ago.
(1) The emergence of private property and the polarization between the rich and the poor; (2) The farming economy has developed greatly, and agricultural tools are developed.
(3) The primitive handicraft industry has made great progress. (4) Pottery has black and white pottery with good quality.
Third, the ancestors of China.
1. Battle of Yanhuang Chiyou-Battle of Zhuolu:
Yan Di tribe and Huangdi tribe formed an alliance, and after a long period of development, they formed the future Chinese nation.
2. The Yellow Emperor-"the ancestor of mankind";
(1) Contribution of the Yellow Emperor: ① The Yellow Emperor built palaces, made clothes, taught people to dig wells, and invented boats and cars, which laid a foundation for later generations.
Foundation (2) Yan Di and Huangdi Tribe formed an alliance, and after long-term development, they formed the future Chinese nation.
3. Yao Shunyu's "abdication system":
(1) "abdication system": It is said that when Yao was old, he sought the opinions of tribal leaders and elected Yao as his successor. When Shun is old, take
Similarly, this position was given to Yu who contributed to water control. This method of electing tribal alliance leaders is called "abdication" in history.
(2) The essence of abdication system: The essence of abdication system is a method of democratic election of tribal alliance leaders in the late primitive society.
(3) the disintegration of primitive society: the development of production → the emergence of surplus products → the emergence of private property → the emergence of polarization between the rich and the poor → clan nobles → early slaves ↓
Main prisoners of war, indebted civilians → early slaves
Fourth, the rise and fall of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties
1. The Rise and Fall of Xia Dynasty:
(1) Around 2070 BC, the Xia Dynasty with Yangcheng as its capital was established, which was the first dynasty in the history of China, and the slave society began.
(2) After his death, Qi succeeded to the throne, and the hereditary system replaced the abdication system, and "the public world" became "the family world"
(3) The symbol of Xia Dynasty marks the emergence of China's early state.
(4) The state organs in Xia Dynasty were tools for the slave class to oppress civilians and slaves.
(5) In 1600 BC, the Xia Dynasty perished, and Jie was the last king.
2. Shang Tang destroyed the summer and King Wu fell.
(1) About 1600 BC, the Tang Dynasty defeated Jie, the Xia Dynasty perished, and the Shang Dynasty was established.
(2) King Pan Geng of Shang Dynasty moved the capital several times, and finally moved the capital to Yin. Later, he called Shang Dynasty Yin Dynasty.
(3) BC 1046, Zhou was the last king. Zhou Wuwang fought the Shang Dynasty in Konoha, and the Shang Dynasty ended.
(4) In BC 1046, Zhou Wuwang established the Zhou Dynasty with pickaxe as its capital, also known as Haojiang, which was called the Western Zhou Dynasty in history.
3. The enfeoffment system of the Western Zhou Dynasty
(1) enfeoffment system: In order to consolidate the rule, the Western Zhou Dynasty implemented enfeoffment system. (Purpose) King Zhou distributed land, civilians and slaves to relatives,
Heroes and so on. , sealing them for governors. Governors must obey the orders of the Zhou emperor, pay tribute to the Zhou emperor, guard the territory at ordinary times and lead troops in wartime.
Battle with the son of heaven. Content: The Western Zhou Dynasty developed remote areas, strengthened its rule and became a powerful country through enfeoffment of vassals.
(2) In 77 1 year BC, Zhou Youwang fought a vassal war and the Western Zhou Dynasty perished.
(3) Schematic diagram of the hierarchy in the Western Zhou Dynasty: emperor → vassal → Qing Dafu → scholar → people → slave.