After the liberation of Yumen Oil Mine, Kang, the representative of the army, mobilized the workers to actively resume and develop production. The newly liberated oil workers rushed into battle as masters. In the production and construction, Guo Lianjian, the drilling captain known as "Holly", has made meritorious deeds and is an outstanding representative of the older generation of oil workers. 1952 In August, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China ordered the 57th Division of the China People's Liberation Army 19 Army to be transferred to the First Division of Petroleum Engineering. All officers and men, headed by division commander Zhang Fuzhen and political commissar Zhang Wenbin, have since become a new force in the oil industry, laying a good foundation for building an oil industry army with strong organizational discipline and high professionalism. In the case of serious shortage of equipment, materials and technicians, several artificial oil plants in Northeast China have resumed production in Fushun, Huadian and Jinzhou in just two and a half years by relying on technicians and old workers.
After three years of recovery, by the end of 1952, the national crude oil output reached 435,000 tons, 3.6 times that of 1949 and 0.3 times that of the highest annual output of old China. Among them, natural oil195,400 tons, accounting for 45% of the total crude oil output, and artificial oil is 240,000 tons, accounting for 55%. The output of gasoline, coal, diesel oil and lubricating oil was 259,000 tons, which was more than 6 times higher than that of 1949. Yumen oil mine is the focus of petroleum industry construction during the first five-year plan period. In order to strengthen exploration, new technologies such as "May 1" seismograph, "heavy WOB, large displacement" drilling have been widely used, and oil fields such as Yougou, Baiyang River and Yaerxia have been discovered one after another. Laojunmiao Oilfield also began to expand the oil-bearing area, and began to carry out comprehensive development in accordance with scientific procedures, taking measures such as water injection and a series of underground operations. By 1959, Yumen Oil Mine has built a natural gas and petroleum industrial base with a certain scale, such as geology, drilling, development, oil refining, machinery, scientific research and education. In that year, it produced 6.5438+0.405 million tons of crude oil, accounting for 50.9% of the national crude oil output. The rich experience accumulated in the development and construction of Yumen Oilfield provided an important reference for the development of the national petroleum industry at that time and later. Based on their own development, they look at the whole country and fight wherever there is oil, forming a famous "Yumen style" and making indelible contributions to the development of the oil industry. As the famous poet Li Ji praised: "The Soviet Union has Baku, China has Yumen, and where there is oil, there are Yumen people".
According to the deployment of the first five-year plan, oil exploration is first carried out in the northwest region. On June 1955, the first well in Karamay -Ke 1 blowout produced oil. At that time, some Soviet geologists had different views on whether to find an oil field with exploitation value. On the basis of summarizing the previous exploration experience and lessons in this area, the exploration deployment was adjusted from 1956, and the regional exploration was concentrated in great basin and Datai. Under the auspices of Comrade Kang, the focus shifted from the piedmont Tail Depression in the southern margin of Junggar Basin to the northwestern margin, and in that year, a certain area was conquered, and Karamay Oilfield was quickly discovered, achieving the first breakthrough in oil exploration after the founding of New China.
The development and construction of Karamay oilfield strongly supported the economic construction in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. During the period of 1958, Qinghai Petroleum Exploration Bureau drilled a high-yield oil well with a daily output of 800 tons on Lenghu No.5 structure on the basis of the discovery of Lenghu structural belt by geological department, and successively discovered Lenghu No.5, No.4 and No.3 oil fields. In Sichuan, a natural gas area has been discovered from Chongqing in the east, Zigong in the west and Xu Shui in the south. During the period of 1958, the Ministry of Petroleum organized a battle in central Sichuan and discovered seven oil fields, including Nanchong and Guihua, ending the history of no oil production in southwest China.
By the end of 1950s, China had initially formed four oil and gas bases, namely Yumen, Xinjiang, Qinghai and Sichuan. From 65438 to 0959, the national crude oil output reached 3.733 million tons. Among them, the total crude oil of four bases is 2.763 million tons, accounting for 73.9% of the total crude oil output in China, and the natural gas output in Sichuan has increased from more than 60 million cubic meters in 1957 to 250 million cubic meters.
In terms of artificial oil, after expansion and transformation, the output of various artificial oil plants in Northeast China has increased substantially. At the same time, a large shale oil plant was built in Maoming, Guangdong. 1959 The output of artificial oil reached 970,000 tons, which was in the leading position in the world at that time.
On a very weak basis, the oil refining industry has successively expanded and built eight oil refineries in Shanghai, Karamay, Lenghu, Lanzhou and Dalian, with an annual processing capacity of10-100000 tons. 1959 produced 2.349 million tons of gasoline, coal, diesel oil and lubricating oil, and the self-sufficiency rate of major petroleum products reached 40.6%.
2. Historical changes
Since 1955, the Ministry of Geology and the Ministry of Petroleum have successively carried out comprehensive geological surveys in North China Plain and Songliao Basin.
According to the central instructions,1March, 960, a large-scale oil battle related to the fate of the oil industry started in Daqing. The State Council, relevant ministries, provinces and cities gave strong support. The Central Military Commission dispatched more than 30,000 demobilized officers and men to take part in the fighting. There are more than 5,000 factories and enterprises that produce mechanical and electrical products and equipment for Daqing, and 200 scientific research and design units provide technical support for the battle. Elite soldiers from 37 factories and mines in the petroleum system and a large number of materials have been concentrated in Daqing. Yu, Minister of Petroleum, and Li, Li, Li, Li, Li, Li, Li, Li, Li, Li, Li, Li and Kang also took part in the battle.
Daqing petroleum battle started in difficult times, difficult areas and difficult conditions. At that time, due to the harm caused by the "Great Leap Forward" and "anti-Right Deviation" mistakes, coupled with natural disasters and the interruption of foreign aid, the state could invest very little. More than 40,000 people and hundreds of thousands of tons of equipment flocked to the prairie at once, causing problems in production and life. In particular, we have no experience in developing and constructing such a large oil field, and foreign experience cannot be copied. Faced with this situation, the first decision of the party organization in the battle is to call on leading cadres and all employees to seriously study the theory of practice and contradiction. Develop and construct large oil fields under the guidance of "two theories"
Using the exposition of "On Contradiction" on grasping the main contradiction, the workers unanimously realized that this difficulty and that difficulty are temporary and partial, and the country's lack of oil is the biggest difficulty. The world is in trouble, and it is even harder for the country and the people to retire. Oil workers must win glory for the country and profit for the people. For the fundamental interests of the country and the people, we can only face difficulties. "I would rather live less than 20 years, even if I try my best to win a big oil field", which became the heroic oath of the workers at that time. 1205 Wang Jinxi, the captain of the drilling crew, was the representative of this spirit and character at that time.
The leader of the battle summed up the past experience and lessons and pointed out that the position of oil workers is underground and the object is the oil layer. We must take the "two theories" as the guidance, adhere to the combination of high revolutionary spirit and strict scientific attitude in all work, guide people to master the original data of oil fields and explore the objective laws of underground oil fields, and oppose exaggeration, divorced from reality and blind command. Therefore, firstly, it is required that 20 items of data and 72 items of data must be accurately taken in the whole exploration and development process; Second, attach great importance to scientific experiments, open up development experimental areas and carry out 10 development method experiments; Third, comprehensive research and technical research have been carried out, and a series of major technical problems have been solved. Thus, a scientific oilfield development plan is worked out and a crude oil gathering and transportation process conforming to Daqing characteristics is created.
1963, the national crude oil output reached 6.48 million tons, and in February of the same year, the beloved Premier Zhou Enlai solemnly announced at the fourth meeting of the Second National People's Congress that China can basically meet its own needs for oil now, and the era when China people used "foreign oil" will soon be gone forever. The development of Daqing Oilfield and the rapid growth of crude oil production require the simultaneous development of refining industry. During this period, the Shanghai Refinery and the Seventh Petroleum Plant were expanded, and the first, second and fifth petroleum plants and Maoming Petroleum Company changed from producing artificial oil to mainly processing natural crude oil, and new technologies, new technologies and new products were vigorously developed. From 1963 to 1965, it successively captured five key projects, including vulcanization catalysis, platinum reforming, delayed coking, urea dewaxing and supporting catalysts and additives. In addition, the hydrocracking unit was researched, designed and built. By the end of 1965, three sets of the above-mentioned devices 13 were newly built, all of which achieved four successes: engineering quality, commissioning, commissioning and production of qualified products, greatly narrowing the gap with the foreign refining technology level at that time. 1965 produced 6170,000 tons of gasoline, coal, diesel oil and lubricating oil, and 494 kinds of petroleum products, with a self-sufficiency rate of 97.6%, realizing China's oil self-sufficiency ahead of schedule.
3. New rise
After the decisive victory of Daqing oil battle, in order to continue to strengthen the exploration in eastern China, oil exploration teams began to enter Bohai Bay area. From 65438 to 0964, with the approval of the central government, a North China oil battle was launched in the coastal areas south of Tianjin and north of Dongying, Shandong. By 1965, Shengli Oilfield was discovered in Shandong with an annual output of 838,000 tons of crude oil. Took the Dagang oil field in Tianjin. Subsequently, people overcame all kinds of disturbances and difficulties brought about by the turmoil and constantly explored, developed and built these two new oil bases. By 1978, the annual output of crude oil in Dagang Oilfield will reach 3150,000 tons. In the past, the saline-alkali beach, which was overgrown with reeds and sparsely populated, has become an oil area stretching for hundreds of miles. Shengli Oilfield reached the peak of the fastest growth of crude oil production in 1970s, and its annual output increased from more than 10,000 tons in 1.966 to nearly 20 million tons in 1.978, making it the second largest oilfield in China after Daqing. In the Panjin swamp area on the northern edge of Bohai Bay, the oil team arrived in Liaohe Oilfield. Since 1970s, Xinglongtai Oilfield, Shuguang Oilfield and Huanxiling Oilfield have been exploring and developing under complex geological conditions, and a set of techniques and methods for exploring and developing complex oil and gas reservoirs have been explored. 1978 crude oil output reached 3.55 million tons. 1April, 1970, Daqing started oilfield development and adjustment. By 1973, the deteriorating situation was reversed, and the crude oil output ratio of the whole oilfield increased by more than 50%. From 65438 to 0976, the annual output of Daqing Oilfield exceeded 50 million tons, which laid the foundation for the annual output of crude oil in China to reach 65438+ tons. After the expansion, the third and sixth oil plants were transformed into refineries for processing natural crude oil. In order to give full play to the enthusiasm of the central government and the two governments, seven large refineries, including Maoming, Daqing, Nanjing, Shengli, Dongfanghong, Jingmen and Changling, have been built, mainly by the Ministry of Petroleum. Tianjin, Wuhan, Anqing, Zhejiang, Guangzhou, Jiujiang, Urumqi, Jilin, Anshan, Shijiazhuang and Luoyang have built 1 1 large and medium-sized refineries according to local conditions. By 1978, China's annual crude oil processing capacity will reach 929 1 10,000 tons, which is basically consistent with China's crude oil production scale. In that year, 70.69 million tons of crude oil was actually processed, and 33.52 million tons of four kinds of oil products and 656 varieties were produced. From 1966 to 13 in 1978, the crude oil output increased by 18.6% every year, the annual output exceeded1000 million tons, and the crude oil processing capacity increased by more than five times, which ensured the national demand and eased the tension of energy supply. Starting from 1973, China also began to export crude oil to Japan and other countries, which brought a lot of foreign exchange for the country.
4. The petroleum industry has entered a new development period (starting from 1979).
1978 65438+February, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of China made a strategic decision to shift the focus of the whole party's work from 1979 to socialist modernization, and an unprecedented good situation appeared on all fronts. After hard work, the broad masses of workers on the oil front overcame the serious difficulties brought about by the ten-year turmoil, and the oil industry has since entered a new period of development.
Since 1970s, China's petroleum industry has developed rapidly, reaching 1978, exceeding 100 billion tons. Since then, the original output has once declined. In view of this situation, in order to solve the difficulty of insufficient funds for oil exploration and development, the central government decided to first implement the major decision of contracting out the original output of the whole oil industry of 654.38 billion tons and the measures of opening up and invigorating. This decision took effect quickly, and the national crude oil output increased from 1982 to 1985 year by year, reaching 654.38+25 million tons, ranking sixth in the world.
For the diversified development of China's petroleum industry, 1982 established China Offshore Oil Corporation, and 1983 established sinopec group in July. China Xinxing Petroleum Co., Ltd., the third largest state-owned oil company in China, was also established in June 1.997+0.5438. So far, the petroleum and petrochemical industry in China has formed a new pattern of unity, cooperation and common development of the four major companies.
During the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, in order to meet the new and higher requirements for energy put forward by the rapid development of the national economy, the state decided to implement the development strategy of "stabilizing the east and developing the west" in the petroleum industry. The exploration and development of oil and gas fields in the west will have a far-reaching impact on the development of China's petroleum industry.
5. Present situation of China petroleum industry 1 July, 19981day, China Petroleum and Natural Gas Corporation and sinopec group reorganized to form China Petroleum and Natural Gas Corporation and China Petrochemical Corporation.