Yan 'an is located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, south of the northern Shaanxi Plateau, across the Yellow River in the east, facing Shanxi Province, bounded by Ziwuling in the west and bordering Gansu Province. Discovery forest area in the north of the province; Weinan, Tongchuan and Xianyang in our province are south. The geographical location is 107 degrees 4 1 min to1/kloc-0 degrees 3 1 min. Between 35 degrees 2 1 min north latitude and 37 degrees 3 1 min north latitude, the straight-line distance between north and south of the urban area is 239. 10008080606 There are 27.699 million mu of forests in Yan 'an. The forest coverage rate is 42.9%, with 654.38+08569 mu of natural grassland and about 500 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines. More than 654.38+00 kinds of minerals have been proved in the city, including 765.438 billion tons of coal, 430 million tons of oil, 3.3 billion cubic meters of natural gas and more than 50 million tons of purple clay. Broadly speaking, it refers to 13 counties (districts) under the jurisdiction of Yan 'an City, namely Baota District, Yanchuan County, Zichang County, Ansai County, Zhidan County, Wuqi County, Ganquan County, Fuxian County, Luochuan County, Yichuan County and huangling county. It has a total area of 37,037 square kilometers and a permanent population of 2,055,900, including cities. Average precipitation is 500 mm, frost-free period 170 days. The climate belongs to continental arid and semi-arid climate. When we usually say Yan 'an, we mean Yan 'an in a broad sense.
Yan 'an in a narrow sense refers to today's Baota District, which is the seat of the Yan 'an Municipal Party Committee and the economic and cultural center of northern Shaanxi. The total land area of the whole region is 3,556 square kilometers, the total population is 33 1.900 (agricultural population 1.987), and the per capita cultivated land area is 2.48 mu. 1982 was announced by the State Council as one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities in China. In 2000, 1994 and 1996 were named "National Double Support Model City" by the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the General Political Department of the Military Commission. Yan 'an is located at the top of the "Golden Triangle" of tourism in northern Shaanxi created by "Erhuang Erxian". It is rich in excellent culture, so Yan 'an is also a famous tourist city with the reputation of "Museum City of Chinese Revolution".
Yan 'an, formerly known as Yanzhou, has always been the political, economic, cultural and military center of northern Shaanxi. The urban area is located at the intersection of Baota shan, Liangqingshan and Fenghuang Mountain, and the intersection of Yanhe River and Fenchuan River. It has become a battleground for military strategists, and is known as "the throat is blocked" and "the important town of military strategists", and it is also known as "the lock of the Three Qin Dynasties and the throat of the Five Roads". The name of Yan 'an began in the Sui Dynasty. 1937, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China entered, and Yan' an city was established in the same year, which is the seat of the government of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region. 1949, renamed county town, 1972, re-established as one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities in the State Council.
Yan 'an has a vast territory and rich natural resources. The natural secondary forest is 6.5438+0.63 million mu, and the timber volume is 3.08 million cubic meters; There are nearly 200 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines, mainly licorice, acanthopanax bark, mistletoe, burdock, Bupleurum and so on. There are more than 0/00 species of mammals and birds such as leopard, wolf, pheasant and cuckoo. Moreover, the land is fertile, the light is sufficient, and there are many varieties of crops suitable for planting, which has good conditions for developing planting, animal husbandry and forestry and fruit industry. Besides wheat, corn, millet, buckwheat, soybean, mung bean, red bean and other food crops, it is also rich in cash crops such as flue-cured tobacco, vegetables, peanuts, melons and fruits, and potatoes.
Yan 'an, located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, is the birthplace of the Chinese nation. According to legend, the ancestor of mankind, the Yellow Emperor, once lived in this area. "Three Huangs and One Sage" (Huangdi Mausoleum Temple, Hukou Waterfall of the Yellow River, Loess customs and culture, revolutionary holy land) are well-known at home and abroad, providing unique conditions for expanding opening up and exchanges. There are 848 historical relics protection sites in the city, including well-preserved caves in Song Dynasty 18, cave temples 14, Baota shan and other ancient buildings built in Tang Dynasty 12, and 6 revolutionary sites. At present, there are 47 national and provincial cultural relics protection units for sightseeing, receiving 700,000 Chinese and foreign tourists every year. In recent years, the tourism industry has been vigorously developed, and more than 50 scenic spots such as star towers, beacon towers and cliff stone carvings have been restored. Wanhua, a "natural park", added 200 mu of peony, and the forest coverage rate of Baota shan, Qingliangshan, Fenghuang Mountain and Wanhua reached 55.4%, which was approved by the State Forestry Department to build a national forest park.
Moved by the red road
—— Record our series of interview activities of "Re-taking Yan 'an Road"
"A few dreams back to Yanan, Baota shan in both hands. "This is a famous poem. At the beginning of April, when China Art Newspaper returned to Yan 'an Road, the Shaanxi team arrived in Yan 'an, and Baota shan really appeared in front of us, we couldn't help thinking of this poem, and our dream finally came true. Shanxi detachment is in Taihang Mountain area, Hebei detachment is in Xibaipo and Guizhou detachment.
In Zunyi, I also felt the ubiquity of Yan 'an spirit. In half a month's time, with excitement, we conducted in-depth interviews in the holy land of Yan 'an, the majestic Taihang Mountain, Xibaipo and Zunyi, excavated the precious memories since the 60th anniversary of the speech, picked the flowers of art bred on the land of China under the guidance of the spirit of the speech, and searched for moving stories about art, great men and revolution spread among the people. From April 5 to the beginning of June, a series of reports on "Re-taking Yan 'an Road" was launched, including nearly 40 news and photos, and 5 special editions. After these reports were published, the colleagues in the interview group felt very gratified, because we went deep into life, recorded history and witnessed the changes of Marxist literature and art in China. However, we also regret that many vivid stories in the interview process have not been reflected in the report due to the limitation of space. Although two months have passed, these details are constantly replayed in our minds. Today, we are willing to tell you these details that are deeply imprinted in our minds and let you share our feelings.
Mao Zedong squatted on this small kang table and wrote a famous article "Qinyuan Spring Snow".
We were moved by the spirit of hard struggle of our predecessors.
"Northland scenery/thousands of miles of ice/Wan Li snow ..." Mao Zedong's magnificent poem, we have repeatedly recited. But to our surprise, Mao Zedong actually wrote this word on the farmer's small kang table. When we were introduced to this small kang table in Wayaobao, when we finally saw this small kang table in the exhibition area of "Red Army's eastward expedition" in the second exhibition hall of Yan 'an Revolutionary Memorial Hall, we will always remember it. The young commentator said,1February 5, 936, He Peng led the crusade troops to Yuanjiagou, Qingjian County, and lived in the home of farmer Bai Yucai. In order to facilitate Mao Zedong to go to work at night, the landlord took the initiative to move this small kang table. On February 6, it snowed in northern Shaanxi, and the mountain ridges of Yuanjiagou were covered with snow. Mao Zedong was moved by this scene and tried to infer. On February 7, he squatted on this small kang table and wrote the famous poem "Spring and Snow in Qinyuan". After Mao Zedong left Yuanjiagou, the landlord carefully kept this small kang table and passed it on to future generations as a family heirloom. 1June, 972, Yan 'an Revolutionary Memorial Hall collected this small kang table and began to display it as an important exhibit. This little-known history told by the narrator has made us remember the little kang table forever, made us understand the ideological connotation of "Spring and Snow in Qinyuan" more deeply, and made us marvel at Mao Zedong's hard work and optimistic mental state.
Such optimism and lofty sentiments are also reflected in Chen Yi's poems. When interviewing artists of Yan 'an Federation of Literary and Art Circles, everyone casually mentioned the poem that Chen Yi praised Liang Qing. They said that Liang Qingshan, located in the northeast of Yan 'an City, was not only a place where historical sites gathered, but also a place where press and publication institutions were concentrated during Yan 'an period. Xinhua News Agency, Jiefang Daily, Central Printing House and Xinhua Radio Station are all located here. The voice of the CPC Central Committee quickly spread to the anti-Japanese base areas through news agencies, newspapers and radio stations, and spread to all parts of the world through the English Broadcasting Department established under the guidance of British friend Lin Maike. Therefore, Liang Qing became a bridge between Yan 'an and the outside world. Chen Yi felt this and wrote a poem: A century of weakness, lamenting China, and eight years of war with Yan 'an. Who is in charge of Kyushu, everyone pays attention to Qingliang Mountain. Later, when communicating with local artists, many people mentioned this poem. The spirit of the revolutionary predecessors who are not afraid of difficulties and persistent pursuit is all in the poem.
In the Taihang Memorial Hall of the Eighth Route Army in Wuxiang, Shanxi, we also felt the revolutionary's optimistic and uplifting mental state and heroic poems in the predicament. In the memorial hall, we saw a poem written by Zhu De before he left the Taihang front for three years and returned to Yan 'an: The peaks stand on the mountain, and the Yellow River looks at the natural danger. The smoke on both sides of the strait is like fire, which can comfort and hate. After the bloody battle, Zhu De was still in high spirits and full of confidence in the revolutionary cause.
Of course, it's not just revolutionaries in a hail of bullets who feel this way. For literary and art workers, they are also facing the test of a difficult environment and have handed over excellent papers. On the hillside behind the former site of Lu Xun Art College in Yan 'an, there is a low and cramped bungalow. After listening to the introduction of Yan 'an Federation of Literary and Art Circles, we realized that this humble bungalow was the place where Xian Xinghai composed music for The Yellow River Cantata. Under the low eaves and almost humble conditions, Xian Xinghai composed a touching Yellow River chorus with his aura, talent and love.
"I just want to sing a few more songs for the people of Yan 'an. "
We are moved by the artist's deep affection with Yan 'an and the people.
In Shaanxi, we learned about the touching stories of artists and Yan 'an by interviewing artists and local literary and art circles who went to collect condolences.
When we interviewed the famous painter Zhang Dingshi in Beijing, we specially brought him red dates and millet brought back from Yan 'an. The old people who attended the Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art were very happy, as if life in Yan 'an was just around the corner.
For film artist Yu Lan, Yan 'an is not an unreachable dream, but a loving and amiable mother. "Yanan is my mother. 1938, 18 years old, I threw myself into her arms. I have eaten the millet in Yan 'an and the water in Yanhe. More importantly, I received the education of the Party with the people of Yan 'an. The Speech has guided my life, taught me the ability to serve the people, and filled my life with happiness. "When a person's youth, career and even love are closely linked with Yan 'an, what kind of unforgettable memory will it be? From Yu Lan's face in her 80s and her passionate words, we found the answer.
Li Qi, a painter who is also full of feelings for Yan 'an, expressed his feelings in another way. In front of the Liberation Theater at the foot of Liang Qingshan in Yan 'an, when the bustling crowd walked to the theater, Li Qi stood quietly, staring at Baota shan in the twilight ahead, lost in thought. Standing beside him, we don't know how many young joys and troubles the old man who came to Yan 'an at the age of 9 and spent nine years here has hidden in his memory. He just told us softly, more like talking to himself: "Every time I come to Yan 'an, I will have a good look at Baota shan ..."
We will never forget the scene where singer Guo danced yangko with Yan 'an villagers. At the former site of Yan 'an Literature and Art Forum, Guo and a local farmer with a white sheep belly towel and waist drum slung over their heads danced yangko. In the applause of everyone, Guo sang "Embroidered Gold Monument" with deep affection. When she sang "Three Embroidered Premier Zhou ...", she couldn't restrain her excitement any longer and choked up and sang. Guo wiped his tears and said, "I just want to sing more songs for the people of Yan 'an. "
When Li, Party Secretary of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Qin Zhigang, Deputy Secretary, and the old writers and artists who went to Yan 'an to collect folk songs came to the former site of the Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art, everyone unanimously said, Let's take a picture at the birthplace of the speech. This photo, everyone's feelings are very devoted, because everyone should regard it as an eternal treasure.
Li Ruobing, chairman of Shaanxi Federation of Literary and Art Circles and a famous writer in Yan 'an, talked about Yan 'an and smiled like a teenager. He has always cared about Yan 'an, calling Yan 'an his mother and the source of his life. "I have been committed to writing poems about Yan' an. "Hu Zheng, a famous writer who has experienced all kinds of hardships in life, accepted our interview in his home in Xi 'an. What he said most was his deep affection for Yan 'an and his love for art, but he never mentioned the injustice of life to him. Ceng Gang, a musician in Yan 'an period, often missed Yan 'an. He wrote in a poem entitled "Nian Yan 'an": The mountains and rivers in northern Shaanxi are beautiful, and Comrade Yan 'an is near. I often miss the days when I left home, and I am attached to my dreams. And put this poem at the beginning of the collection of poems "Mind", showing deep affection for Yan 'an. I heard that the interview has something to do with the speech. Zhang Yanshou, an artist in Yan 'an period, immediately took a taxi to the home of Han Hechang, whom we interviewed. When two artists in Yan 'an period told us the story of Yan 'an, they seemed to be young again. Interestingly, after Han and other old comrades retired, they changed their performance of "Brothers and Sisters Land Reclamation" to ten men and ten women, which was very popular and won the first prize of the first middle-aged and elderly fitness dance competition-"Orchid Award" in one fell swoop. The old people said that although the form of the program has changed, the Yan 'an spirit contained in "Brother and Sister Land Reclamation" has not changed.
In Shijiazhuang, Hebei, Zhang Lu, a 85-year-old student of Lu Xun Art College in Yan 'an and a famous composer who was ill in bed, started talking about Yan 'an, and the interview time was extended from half an hour to two hours, which made us worry about whether the interview could go smoothly. The day before we arrived in Shijiazhuang, Zhang Lu had a serious heart attack and accidentally broke his leg. Facing the questions and speeches of the younger generation about Yan 'an, Zhang Lu was very excited, as if he had met an old friend. We know that the success of our interview can be attributed to Yan 'an, the revolutionary holy land, and to Zhang Lu's deep feelings for Yan 'an.
In Sanchahe, Xishui, Guizhou, several Miao children sang beautiful folk songs, danced Miao dances and toasted us. Wang, vice chairman of Zunyi Dance Association, learned from a conversation with one of the little girls that her family was poor and decided to donate money to her on the spot. Our reporter was deeply moved and promised a girl. However, comrades in the local civil affairs department suggested that our reporter change to another donor, because these two girls are sisters, and if they change, more families can get help. Our reporter immediately said that there is no need to change, I promise two! Relevant departments immediately decided to hold a ceremony on the spot. At the ceremony, the girl betrothed by our reporter kept silent. But when the reporter handed her the donation, she suddenly knelt in front of the reporter. The reporter was surprised and quickly helped her up, encouraging her to study hard and strive to become a pillar of talent in the future. At this time, the reporter found that some writers and artists in the same industry had shed tears. Later, people in the same trade laughed and said that the young reporter of this newspaper had two children before he got married, which can be described as "bringing a home."
The old man has been collecting information about Yan 'an all his life.
We are moved by the natural and conscious inheritance of Yan 'an spirit and fine traditions in people's hearts.
In the former site of Lu Xun Art College in Yan 'an, after various efforts, we finally found two old people who once sent Mao Zedong yangko to celebrate the New Year. When 68-year-old Jia Yice and 88-year-old Zhicheng Feng appeared in front of us and told us about Yangko's New Year greetings to Chairman Mao, we felt that history was just around the corner. It is said that the old man Jia Yice often comes to the former site of Lu Xun Art College to tell visitors the stories of that year. It is this narrative that makes us feel the living history, and makes the Yan 'an spirit and fine traditions pass down unconsciously. When Jia Yice sang two songs for President Jiang, we found that even among the most ordinary old people, Yan 'an spirit injected fresh contents of the times.
"The small spinning wheel wriggles and shakes the spinning thread of the spinning wheel; Although the spinning wheel is small and powerful, the border area is busy with production, breaking through the enemy blockade ... "In Zaoyuan and Yang Jialing, the young commentator sang" Spinning Ballad "for us, reflecting the spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle of the people in the border area. Everyone sang along. Singing songs, leaving behind the spirit. In the Taihang Memorial Hall of the Eighth Route Army in Wuxiang, Shanxi, Tian, a commentator in military uniform, also sang "Flower Tune in Wuxiang" for us. In the subsequent explanation, she choked many times. As a father shortly after Zuo Quan died, she couldn't help crying. And most of us are already red-eyed and full of tears. We interviewed a young tourist at random: Are you moved? He said that moving at this time is a very pale word, and my inner feelings cannot be expressed in words. Tian graduated from Xinzhou Normal School, Shanxi Province, and is now the best commentator in the museum. In order to improve the quality of her lectures, she interviewed old generals and veterans all over the country and bought relevant books. When a young man takes explaining the revolutionary tradition as his profession and devotes all his feelings to explaining it, we see the continuation of history.
Liu Weihua is an old man in Yanchuan County, Yan 'an City. He spent his whole life collecting all the information related to Yan 'an. When we came to Liu Weihua's home, we found that it was not a home at all. In a few square meters of communication room, except for a bed, there are all kinds of materials on the wall and on the ground, and all kinds of special materials about Yan' an are crowded in dilapidated bookcases, waiting for people to find them. In recent years, many famous artists in Yan 'an period came to him for help and copied materials, and he was responsive. Despite economic difficulties, lack of enthusiasm of family members and lack of housing, Liu Weihua devoted all his energy to collecting and sorting out Yan 'an materials. When the reporter praised his information as a treasure house, he said, that's what I like. I hope the information in Yan 'an period will not be less and less.
In Tucheng Town, Guizhou, where the Red Army crossed the Chishui River ferry, local old ladies in their sixties and seventies spontaneously organized themselves, put on Red Army uniforms, sang and danced, and volunteered to tell foreign tourists the story of the Red Army. They regard this as a part of their later life. From their slightly old-fashioned songs, we heard great vitality.
This is the successor's understanding of tradition, and it is a conscious inheritance based on emotional identity.
"Everything can be eliminated, and folk culture cannot be eliminated."
We are moved by the people's profound artistic heritage.
We were deeply moved when my wife lined up on the donkey-pulled land and drove on the mountain road for more than two hours to send Gao Fenglian, a 66-year-old Yanchuan paper-cutting master, to the county for an interview. We can only marvel when she cuts a live horse while talking. When she answered our question with a sentence "I just like to cut, I cut when I pull animals, and I cut snowflakes when it snows", when Feng, a famous cloth painter in Yanchuan, published "Why do you cut well? We can't help sighing, because such things as "Cut with your heart, cut with your heart before becoming famous, cut with your heart after becoming famous", "Everything can be eliminated, and folk culture can't be eliminated", "You'd better discuss with farmers after painting, and farmers' comments are wonderful", "Women's paper-cutting is the art of life, and men's paper-cutting is the art of survival" and so on. Compared with these out-and-out folk artists, our understanding of art and life is still poor. These ugly people are the real masters.
Even more amazing is a tabloid "Mountain Flower" sponsored by Yanchuan County Federation of Literary and Art Circles. Since it was founded in 1970s, this tabloid has published nearly 200 issues. After the Cultural Revolution, Yan 'an Mountain Flowers, a collection of poems edited by Mountain Flowers, was published by Shaanxi People's Publishing House with a circulation of 280,000 copies. Reprinted by Hong Kong Sanlian Publishing House and distributed overseas. Over the past decades, nearly 5,000 manuscripts have been used in Mountain Flower, and many newspapers and periodicals at home and abroad have reprinted the works of Mountain Flower. Mountain Flowers not only provides a garden for literary lovers to publish their works, but also unites a large number of later famous writers such as Lu Yao, Wen Pin and Zheng Tao around Mountain Flowers, creating a "miracle of mountain flowers". This is a folk art mountain flower bred in the yellow land of the Yellow River. It is because it is rooted in life that it is always in an invincible position.
In Sidonggou, Chishui, Wang Dehua, a farmer in his thirties accompanied us and sang folk songs for us all the way. His songs touched people's hearts. At the same time, he also picked up the fallen bamboo by the roadside, tore it into thin strips by hand without any other tools, and compiled various imaginative bamboo handicrafts for us.
Life is really the source of art; Art takes root and blossoms among the people. And the art growing in the folk is always worth our life to experience.
Life always deserves our gratitude.
Everyone is willing to do something to carry forward the Yan 'an spirit and the spirit of speech.
We were moved by everyone's great help.
The leaders of the Party Group of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles gave strong support to our whole interview plan of "going back to Yan 'an Road" and reminded us to pay attention to safety and learn more from local comrades. Zhang Baoqing, Deputy Secretary of Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, was very positive about our in-depth interview. Shaanxi Federation of Literary and Art Circles Party Group gave strong support to our interview; Xiao Yunru, the vice chairman of Shaanxi Federation of Literary and Art Circles, a famous literary critic and the stationmaster of Shaanxi reporter station of this newspaper, not only helped us to plan the topic, contact the interviewees and implement the interview bus in advance, but also accompanied us to Yan 'an for the interview. Huang Daojun, the director of Shaanxi Federation of Literary and Art Circles Office and our correspondent in Shaanxi, accompanied the interview and did a lot of complicated work for us. Zhang Xuncang and Hu Peiyuan, deputy secretaries of Yan 'an Municipal Committee, accepted our interview under the heavy reception task, and Zhang Xuncang also provided us with a lot of pictures. Cao Zheng 'an, Vice Minister of Propaganda Department of Yan 'an Municipal Committee, Ai Sheng, Chairman of Yan 'an Federation of Literary and Art Circles, and many other Yan 'an artists accepted our interview. Gao Fenglan, deputy secretary of Yanchuan County Committee, organized a symposium of local artists in a short time. Liu Weihua, a historical data collector in Yan 'an, provided us with valuable information for free. Colleagues from Yan 'an TV Station followed our interview activities all the way, and broadcast a feature film on the eve of "May 23rd". Zhang Conghai, stationmaster of Hebei reporter station, and Chen Ye, deputy director of Xibaipo Memorial Hall, provided important help for our interview. Xue Shan, Party Secretary of Shanxi Coking Coal Group, Li Ruilin, Deputy Secretary, Zhang Jianxin, General Manager of Shanxi Lingshi Coal Transportation and Marketing Company, Wang Hongliang, Director of Office, Niu, President of Shanxi Changzhi Agricultural Bank, etc. It has provided a lot of help for our reporter's trip to Shanxi. Sun Jingang, vice president of Shanxi Wuxiang Agricultural Bank, always accompanied us to bump on the rugged mountain road in Taihang Mountain area, and worked tirelessly, which deeply touched us.
All this, we will not forget. One of the important reasons why we get so much care and help is the theme of our interview: re-taking Yan' an Road. Everyone hopes that our interview will be successful and is willing to do something to promote the Yan 'an spirit and the spirit of speech.
"This is an unforgettable experience in my journalist career and a significant experience in my life." A young reporter from the interview group who just graduated for a year said this. Her words also represent the voices of all our colleagues in the interview group. We feel the love for life, the sincerity for art and the persistence for faith in our predecessors who have pursued their ideals all their lives. Chairman Mao asked literary and art workers to "walk out of the art of Xiao Lu and move towards the art of Da Lu" and move towards a broad life. The newspaper is located on the "Wen Yuan" inscribed by Comrade Deng Xiaoping. The inspiration from collecting folk songs is that, as a journalist engaged in literary news reporting, we should also "walk out of the small garden of literature and go to the big garden of literature", capture the brilliance of literary and artistic undertakings in the process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, capture the figure of Chinese artists who practice "Theory of Three Represents" and develop advanced culture, and make our due contribution to spreading advanced culture.