Around the 20th century BC, the ancestors of the Jews, the Sumerian Canaanites, settled in the coastal areas and plains of Palestine. 1 1 century BC, the Jews established the Hebrew kingdom and occupied Palestine. BC 1 century, the Roman Empire invaded, and most Jews fled all over the world. That's when Jews began to live in exile all over the world.
The Palestinian area used to be the hometown of Jews, and the legend about them is well known. The Christian classic Bible completely records the story of Jewish ancestors. Jews believe that Palestine has belonged to them since ancient times, which is recorded in the Bible. But the Palestinians don't admit it.
The real conflict began in 19, the Palestinian-Israeli conflict after the 1980s, and continues to this day. For centuries, many exiled Jews have been trying to return to Israel.
/kloc-there were several small waves of return in the 0/8th century, with numbers ranging from several hundred to several thousand. The first wave of large-scale regression began at 188 1. In order to escape persecution, Jews scattered in other parts of the world began to return to Palestine, the land of this ancient Jewish country.
Jews bought land from the Ottoman Empire and Arabs and settled there. With the increase of Jewish residents, their relationship with Arabs is becoming increasingly tense.
1897 On August 29th, in Basel, Switzerland, he convened the first "World Zionist Congress", which decided to establish "a homeland (or country) recognized by the public and guaranteed by law". The Jewish National Fund and the Palestinian Land Development Corporation were established to help Jews from all over the world immigrate to Palestine.
The development of Zionism promoted the second wave of return (1904- 19 14), and about 40,000 Jews returned to China to settle down. 19 17, British foreign secretary Belfo issued the Balfour declaration: "Your Majesty's government is in favor of establishing a Jewish homeland in Palestine and will do its utmost to promote its realization".
From 65438 to 0920, the League of Nations entrusted Britain with jurisdiction over Palestine. 1922, Britain divided the trusteeship into two parts: the east (now Jordan) was inhabited by Arabs and the west by Jews.
After World War I, Jews set off the third and fourth waves of return. Then there were several riots in 1936- 1939.
From 65438 to 0933, the German Nazi Party came to power and set off the fifth wave of Jewish return. 1940, Jews accounted for 30% of the total local residents. Later, the Jewish Holocaust in Europe further promoted the return of Jews.
From 1944 to 1948, about 200,000 Jews came to Palestine through various channels. After World War II, Palestine has 600,000 Jewish residents.
Since the end of 19, the number of Jewish immigrants has been increasing steadily. Influenced by the Holocaust in World War II, the idea of Jewish revival has gained more and more international support.
The United Nations established the "Special Committee on Palestine", and in 10, the United Nations General Assembly voted "1947 United Nations partition plan", with 33 countries in favor (including the United States and the Soviet Union), 13 countries against, 10 countries abstained and passed the resolution:
Divide the Palestinian area into two countries (77% of Palestinian territory was given to Arabs last time, which is Jordan today). Jews and Arabs own about 55% and 45% of the territory respectively, and Jerusalem is under the administration of the United Nations to avoid conflicts.
The partition scheme generally adopts the principle of taking care of traditional settlements and distributing the population equally in developed areas, but considering the immigration of a large number of Jewish refugees in the future, the Negev, a sparsely populated desert area in the south, is included in the Jewish state. As a result, Jews gained more territory with a relatively small population.
1948 18 On May 4th, the day before the end of the British trusteeship period, the State of Israel was formally proclaimed. On May 1949 1 1, Israel joined the United Nations and became a Member State, thus ensuring its internationally recognized national status.
After the founding of Israel, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon declared war on Israel, which started Israel's war of independence. Syrian, Lebanese and Iraqi troops in the north were blocked near the border, while Jordanian troops from the east occupied the east of Jerusalem and attacked the west of the city.
However, the Jewish militia forces successfully stopped the Jordanian army, and the underground national army organization Ilgon also stopped the Egyptian army from the south.
Since June, the United Nations has declared a one-month ceasefire order, during which the Israel Defense Forces were formally established. After several months of fighting, the two sides reached a cease-fire agreement at 1949, and delineated a temporary border called "green line".
Israel gained an additional 23.5% jurisdiction west of the Jordan River, while Jordan occupied a mountainous area in southern Israel and Samaria, which was later called the West Bank. Egypt occupied a small piece of land in the coastal area, which was later called the Gaza Strip.
During the war, a large number of Arabs fled the newly established Jewish state. Arabs call this exile a "catastrophe". It is estimated that 400,000 to 900,000 Arabs fled and later became Palestinian refugees. The United Nations estimates that there are 765,438+065,438+0,000 people. After the war, Israel did not allow these Palestinian refugees to return home. ?
The unresolved conflict between Israel and Arab countries and the problem of Palestinian refugees continue to this day.
Extended data:
The source of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict-Temple Mount.
The ancient Jewish classic records: "The world can be compared to a person's eyes, and the white of the eye is the ocean around the world; Eyes are the earth where people live; The pupil is Jerusalem; The face in the pupil is the temple. "The Temple Mount in Jerusalem, hence its name, has experienced vicissitudes and become the third holiest place in Islam.
The biggest crux of the bloody conflict between Palestine and Israel for more than half a century lies in the status of the holy city of Jerusalem; The source and focus of the battle for Yecheng are focused on the ownership of the Temple Mount. In 2000, it was precisely because Sharon, the leader of Likud Group at that time, broke into here and ignited the Palestinian-Israeli conflict that has continued to this day.
Although it is called the Temple Mount, when we step into it, we can't find any shadow of the hill. Looking around, we can only see a rectangular stone building group and lush trees. In fact, the Temple Mount is still the name handed down by ancient Jews.
According to ancient Jewish classics, in order to test the Jewish ancestor Abraham, God asked him to sacrifice his only son Isaac on a boulder on the Temple Mount. In Christian legend, this stone is also considered to be the place where God crushed Adam, the ancestor of mankind, with mud.
In the 10 century BC, the brilliant Jewish king Solomon built the first temple here to store the Ark, Noah's Ark and other sacred objects. The temple was destroyed and rebuilt, but it was completely destroyed in the 2nd century AD and the Jews were expelled from their homeland.
Palestinians on the Temple Mount call this place a "holy land". Because there are thousands of years old Al-Aqsa Mosque and Jinding Mosque on the site of Jewish temple. Jerusalem has also become the third largest destination of Islam after Mecca and Medina. The remains of the original Jewish temple have almost disappeared.
Stepping on the Temple Mount, almost every brick has a story, a history, mystery or sadness. For Jews and Muslims, the Temple Mount has penetrated into their hearts.
However, this overlap of holy places immediately turned into religious disputes and historical grievances, which made Fiona Fang, a place less than 0. 135 square kilometers, bear too many vendettas and blood and tears; To some extent, it dominated the confrontation between Palestinians and Israelis until it intensified into a bloody conflict in 2000.
On the Temple Mount, fierce gun battles broke out between Palestine and Israel from time to time. For each side, they are disdainful and dissatisfied with each other's arrival, because it is their holy land. This is a sensitive topic. Jews and Palestinians are unwilling to give up the Temple Mount, which occupies the national psychological center.
To the west of Al-Aqsa Mosque is the Western Wall. Externally, this wall is no different from other Palestinian walls. However, due to historical reasons, it has become the most sacred place in the hearts of Jews and a symbol of the immortality of the ancient country and the longevity of the nation. Jews often gather here to cry, so it is called "wailing wall".
. Many Jews are dissatisfied that Palestinians prevent them from praying in wailing wall. This situation did not end until the "Six-Day War" in 1967. As a result, Jews occupied the whole of East Jerusalem by force. The next day, rabbis and generals rushed to the Western Wall, caressing the wall and crying.
Therefore, many Jews insist that Israel must never give up the Temple Mount. In September, 2000, Sharon, a representative figure of "Hawks", entered the Al-Aqsa Mosque through the small door at the upper right of the Western Wall to declare the religious relationship between Jews and the Temple Mount.
This move angered the Palestinians and became the direct origin of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict that continues to this day. The Temple Mount has been more noisy since then. Jews often pray at the Western Wall, while Palestinians throw stones with the help of geography. Then, with the intervention of the army and police, they shot at Palestinians and even broke into mosques to arrest people.
Baidu encyclopedia-Palestinian-Israeli conflict