Liu Lanzhi's death is largely her responsibility ",on the grounds that:
Liu Lanzhi's focus should not be on resignation; Liu Lanzhi should not listen to Jiao Zhongqing; Liu Lanzhi should not lack resistance to his brother; Liu Lanzhi should not obey his mother completely. After reading it, I have a lot of bad feelings. I really can't agree with Teacher Zhang.
Should Liu Lanzhi be patient? No, but Liu Lanzhi had no choice.
Let's analyze teacher Zhang's arguments one by one.
Filial piety comes first. Liu Lanzhi didn't dare to rebel against Jiao Mu. She can't stand the accusation of unfilial. She didn't resist. Jiao Mu also said that she was "self-inflicted"-unfilial.
Although Liu Lanzhi "broke five horses in three days", it was "too late" for an adult (mother-in-law). This is obviously finding fault with an egg.
Head. So, why did Jiao Mu do this? It is speculated that there may be two reasons. One is that Lan Zhi shared his love for Zhong Qing. A family of orphans and widows (there is no brief account of Jiao Zhongqing's father. If there is Jiaofu, Jiaomu may not be so dominant, so I assume Jiaofu is dead. In fact, we also assume that many teachers can hardly tolerate the intervention of an "outsider", especially a woman who has emotional competition with her parents (widowed mother). For a widowed mother, her son is all her sustenance, and her son's love should be exclusive to her. Although she will marry him when she is old enough to marry, she is emotionally reluctant. If a widowed mother is selfish and narrow-minded, no matter who marries this son, she will definitely use her parents' authority to vent her resentment. From this point of view, if not, it is Li. The result is the same. No matter how good it is, it will not be liked by her mother-in-law, or too good will pose a threat to her love. The better you are, the more she will get rid of you. Liu Lanzhi said: "It is very difficult for your family and your wife, unless it is too late to knit." That's what he meant. From this point of view, even Qin Luofu, the virtuous daughter of the owner my mother likes, will not end well. Another reason may be that Liu Lanzhi has no children. I have been married to Jiao's family for many years. This is what Jiao Zhongqing told his mother himself-"* * * happened in 23 years". I think this time should be as short as possible to cover up the childlessness. It is speculated that it is more appropriate to marry Jiao's family in three years. For a widowed mother who has not given birth for three years, it is a very unbearable thing. The so-called "long-standing resentment" should be this reason, but Jiao's mother can't say it when facing her adult son. She can only say that "this woman has no manners and deserves it." In ancient times, the responsibility of not having children was completely put on women, and no one would notice the objective reason that "the monarch is a eunuch, keeps his chastity, and my concubine keeps her house empty, and often sees little of each other". And there are three kinds of unfilial behavior, none of which is the biggest. If Liu Lanzhi has been childless, it is the greatest unfilial act. In the Han Dynasty, those who disobeyed their parents (as long as their parents thought it was disobedient) and had no children or daughters were ranked in the top two of the women's "seven outings", while the Liu Lanzhi incident occurred in the "Jian 'an in the late Han Dynasty", and Liu Lanzhi himself would certainly not be surprised. Even if Jiao Jia has a patriarch, who is the first representative of feudal ethics, will he speak to Liu Lanzhi, who is called "arbitrary" (that is, disobedient) by Jiao Mu? If Jiaomu proposed that Lan Zhi could not have children, would the patriarch not listen to Jiaomu's arrangement? Becoming a wife is really a trivial matter in a patriarchal society. It's hard to say whether the patriarch cares. Whether Liu Lanzhi can meet the patriarch is unknown, so why talk about asking the patriarch to judge? In feudal society, parents were the balance of fairness. According to the History of Women in the Later Han Dynasty, the daughter of Pang Sheng, a native of Guanghan, married Jiang, a native of this county. Jiang Mu likes to drink water from the Yangtze River, and his daughter-in-law goes to fetch water by the river. Her home is six or seven miles away from the Yangtze River. On one occasion, the fat girl was caught in a strong wind when she was fetching water and failed to get home in time. Mother-in-law is thirsty and complains that her daughter-in-law is unfilial. Chiang was furious and divorced her. This woman is much more wronged than Liu Lanzhi, so she can only be left to fend for herself. Therefore, Liu Lanzhi had no choice but to be sent. She offered to go home before being sent, which was an indirect resistance. Liu Lanzhi is not obedient. Dare she speak ill of herself?
As Zhang Shaoliang said, "Liu Lanzhi is a spoony woman", and she loves Jiao Zhongqing deeply. In ancient times, a woman had no job and no social interaction, so she could only spend her life with her in-laws, husband and children. Liu Lanzhi has no children, and her mother-in-law is very picky about her nose. All her happiness rests on her husband. Lan Zhi may know that her husband can't resist her mother-in-law, that "returning to China temporarily" is a stopgap measure, and "returning it immediately" is an empty check. But, of course, she hopes that none of this is true. She still hopes that things will change, so she says "I hope you will come soon". Don't we even allow her to have this hope? Even though Jiao Zhongqing has a "fatal weakness": weakness and selfishness, who makes Lan Zhi love him? There is nothing wrong with love. If love can be rational, there will be no love. And, at this time, Lan Zhi in addition to her husband this only rely on, who can she expect? Although straw can't save lives, it's better than no straw, right? As for "Liu Lanzhi has gone to Qingchi, and Jiao Zhongqing is still wandering under the courtyard tree", I think that Jiao Zhongqing, who is wandering, is thinking more about his mother. As a son, his mother is a mother no matter how bad she is. His mother raised him hard to support the elderly. Now he abandoned his mother for his wife, leaving an old man alone for the rest of his life. In any case, it would be unfilial if Jiao Zhongqing acted decisively. ". Liu Lanzhi doesn't necessarily want to do what Jiao Zhongqing says, but at this moment, does she have any other choice but to do what Jiao Zhongqing says?
Third, should Liu Lanzhi lack resistance to his brother?
This involves the problem of three obedience and four virtues. The so-called three obedience is: don't marry from the father; Marry a husband; Husband is dead, follow son. Is Liu Lanzhi's father still alive? This, like Jiao Fu, is not mentioned in the original text. Most of us think it is dead, so there is no father to follow, but it seems that we can follow our mother, because Liu's mother is the father at this time. But the third part also stipulates that "the husband dies in the child", that is to say, according to the regulations, the mother should also listen to her brother, so of course Lan Zhi should listen to her brother. Speaking of which, there is a contradiction, that is, why doesn't mother Liu follow her son and mother Jiao? This is a contradiction of ethical rules. Confucian ethics has the tradition of "respecting mother and filial piety". A mother has considerable rights over her son, even if it is expensive, it cannot go against her will. I don't need to give you an example The exclusive rights of mothers are almost everywhere, and everyone knows that they have been on TV for a long time. However, it is also recorded in history that during the Spring and Autumn Period, a widow in Lu had nine sons. After the sacrifice at the end of the year, she wants to visit her parents' home. According to the etiquette of "the husband dies and the son succeeds", she needs the consent of her sons; She called her sons to discuss, and after getting their promises, she asked her nine daughters-in-law to watch the door and said she would come back at night. As a result, she came home, waited outside the door before evening, and didn't come in until dark. Dr. Lu saw this and praised her for keeping the ceremony. (History of Female Officials: A General History of China's Female Biography) So, should we obey or obey? Probably depends on the choice of widowed widows and sons, which is not too much. Of course, from the perspective of the whole feudal society, there are not many people who choose to follow their sons, but we can't deny that brothers can be ignored, because when you go back to your mother's house, you have to consume her food and clothing. Where did you get her food and clothes? My brother won it. So Lan Zhi said that "the Middle Way belongs to the brothers' door" instead of "the Middle Way belongs to the family", because after a woman gets married, her family is not her own home, but her brother's home. In that era of material scarcity, it is not a small amount for anyone to raise a person for nothing. What woman wouldn't think of this floor? Moreover, judging from Mr. Liu's language, it is indeed "sexual violence." Can such a brother support his sister for life? From that sentence, "If you don't marry Yi Langti, what's the rhyme?" As we have seen, Liu Lanzhi can't live in his brother's house all his life. The implication of that sentence seems to be: if you don't marry such a good person, do you want me to support you for life? So Liu Lanzhi immediately agreed to remarry. According to teacher Zhang, he is a slave and has no sense of resistance. Does Liu Lanzhi really want to be a slave? She doesn't want to, and if he agrees to remarry, he is neither humble nor humble: "The truth is like a brother's words. Xie Jiafujun, return the door. Dispose of it according to your brother's wishes, then you have to do it yourself! Although this is very important for government officials.
The canal will never come. If you promise to make peace, you can get married. "There are" Li "and" Li "(
Dispose of Quan Di, you have to be self-styled) Sentient and righteous (although with the government, the canal will never be missed). She has resisted as much as she can. Do you still want Liu Lanzhi to stay at my brother's house as a slave? That wouldn't be Liu Lanzhi in that era (even now, women have the cheek to do this). If Lan Zhi has another powerful sister-in-law, I'm afraid it will be difficult to live in her parents' house. And there may be a tough sister-in-law, because there is a tough brother in front.
The remaining question is whether Liu Lanzhi should obey his mother completely.
As teacher Zhang analyzed, Liu is a good mother who understands her daughter. She wanted to protect her daughter, but later she gave up her principles under Liu Xiong's "coercion". This just shows that Liu's mother can't be Liu's master. On the one hand, she is obedient, on the other hand, she is rational. Assuming that Liu Xiong has a wife, it will be very difficult for this mother-in-law to be a wife at this time. If she stubbornly refuses to let her daughter get married, what can she do when her daughter-in-law asks her to find her daughter to support her old age? An old woman with a son and daughter-in-law's rice bowl can only compromise. This is about burnt wood again, so why can't burnt wood be satisfied with perfection? This problem probably lies in the family environment. Judging from Jiao Mu's statement that Zhong Qing said, "You are a big family and you are an official in the cabinet", Jiao Mu's family is not an ordinary family, and Jiao Mu is an old lady. Her status may not reach the level of Jia Mu in A Dream of Red Mansions, but the authority of her parents is absolutely unambiguous. Of course, such a family will not have a "grumpy" son, and Jiao Zhongqing can only obey. What kind of family is that Liu family? It is not mentioned in the original text, but it can be vaguely felt in Jiao Mu's sentence "You are a big family" that Jiao Mu is dissatisfied with the status of the Liu family, so the Liu family is an ordinary family. It is possible for the sons of ordinary families to have "sexual violence" because most of Liu's mothers don't have a strong family background. Jiao's mother's son is obedient, Liu's son is disobedient, or Mr. Liu is unfilial, but no one can be sure whether his son is born filial or unfilial. He was born with it. As for the unfilial son who has grown up, he can only leave it to him. What can an older woman do with her increasingly powerful unfilial son? Things at home are also related to the east wind and the west wind. Whoever is tough is in control. Of course, the premise is that both the east wind and the west wind can be controlled. People like Liu Lanzhi who are away from their parents' homes will always be slaughtered. What if she doesn't listen to her mother completely? Even the mother must obey her brother!
Finally, I want to talk about why Liu Lanzhi agreed to remarry at first, but was drowned out by Jiao Zhongqing's words. I don't think this is watermelon skin from Liu Lanzhi. It's where she slips, not that she is fickle. A person who chooses to commit suicide must be because of despair. Therefore, if there is any hope for Liu Lanzhi at this time, it is Jiao Zhongqing's love. Even if this love can't be together, it is enough to give Lan Zhi a little warmth on a cold night. After Liu Lanzhi had to remarry, she could still keep this skin to keep this last soul. However, Jiao Zhongqing's words completely extinguished this bean light, and Liu Lanzhi had no reason to live, so she did not hesitate to "lift herself to the pool". Let's stop blaming Jiao Zhongqing. It is a feat for a cowardly son to finally "hang the southeast branch" under the control of such a mother. It is also a bit demanding to ask him not to "wander" and to be sensible.
Liu Lanzhi is definitely not an isolated example in feudal society. She is the epitome of innocent women who have been insulted and hurt by Qian Qian's feudal ethical code of eating people for thousands of years. It is unrealistic for them to rise up and resist. We should look at historical figures historically and demand historical figures with current standards, which not only violates historical materialism, but also can never get a correct evaluation of historical figures.