Taisui

(1): another name for Jupiter. In ancient times, it was used to revolve around the sun in a twelve-year cycle.

(2): The name of the legendary god. Ancient superstitions believed that the god of Tai Sui was on the ground, corresponding to the old star (Jupiter) in the sky, so the construction project should avoid the position of Tai Sui, otherwise it would be unlucky.

(3): a special creature

One, Jupiter and "Put the lion in the cave"

The ancients called Jupiter "Tai sui" (or "the year after next") and divided Sunday into twelve times. Jupiter passes by once a year, and it has a specific name. When Taisui Yue is in a certain party, the party can't break the civil building, otherwise it will violate the traditional policy and bring disaster. Later, people denounced others' invasion of themselves as "putting your head on the ground" to demonstrate.

This statement existed as early as the Song Dynasty. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, it was mentioned in the second chapter of Shi Naian's Water Margin that Zhu Wu, Chen Da and Yang Chun were prepared to fight against the government troops in order to rob money and grain for the use of the thatched cottage. Zhu and Yang want to fight Pucheng, but they don't listen to Zhu and Yang's advice. They insist on taking the road to Shijiacun, where Shi Jin lives, to fight Huayin. When passing through Shijia Village, Shi Jin stopped all Zhuang people and shouted to Chen Da, "You should have ears, too. How dare you. You must go straight to the lion's lair. " Of course, there are still many people who dare to say so. The book about Chen Da was no match for Shi Jin, and it was captured by Shi Jin.

Second, the traditional god of life.

Tai sui is the honorific title of Taoist gods, also called Tai sui Xing Jun, or Sui Jun. Tai sui is Jupiter in the sky. Because Jupiter runs every twelve months, the ancients called Jupiter an old star or Tai sui. Tai sui, also known as Tai sui Xing Jun, is both a star and a folk god.

The traditional chronology method in China is called Ganzhi Chronology, which consists of ten branches (A, B, C, D, E, Ji, G, Xin, Ren and Gui) and twelve branches (Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Ji, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Qi and Hai). It started in Jiazi and ended in Guihai. A reincarnation takes 60 years, which is called 60 Jiazi.

Legend has it that in these 60 years, a fairy will fall from the sky every year to serve the year. He is responsible for the blessings and misfortunes of this year, and also for the fortune of people born in this year. The people respectfully call these gods "Tai Sui", and there are 60 Tai Sui in 60 years, so they are collectively called "Sixty Jiazi Gods".

There were 60 Tai Sui gods in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. By the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the names of these 60 Tai Sui gods had been changed. Now there are 60 Tai Sui in temples in Anfeng all over the country.

Commit tai sui, rush tai sui and punish tai sui.

If the average person's age is the same as the annual value, it is called the age of the offender, and the hedge of age is called the age of the rush; Poetry says: sitting in a lion's den, there is no joy or fear of disaster. According to the "Twelve Main Stars", "In the old days, there were disasters, and evil spirits were punished. If you are still avoiding God in the fleeting time, you can't escape. " Therefore, no matter what kind, in that year, everything will be very difficult, the career will be more difficult, and the body will be more sick. Therefore, it is necessary to offer sacrifices to Tai Sui Xing Jun to ensure peace.

Each of the sixty jiazi has a one-year-old god rotation, and the one-year-old god who rotated in that year is called the old age. If you want to know that you are too old, you can find your name in 60 jiazi.

What do you mean too old? Crime is actually a rush, and "rush" is also divided into "year rush" and "hedging".

"Nianchong" refers to a year in the zodiac. For example, this year is year of the snake, and the snake is the year;

"Hedging" refers to the year of the zodiac plus six years, and "hedging" is also called "six reds", that is, rushing, ugly not rushing, rushing, Mao Youchong, Chen and Sihai rushing; Take Xinsi year of the snake as an example. Xinsi and the sea are in conflict, so its position in Xinsi year of the snake is "hedging", and it puts itself in a traditional position. Anyone who encounters the "year rush" or "hedge" of the zodiac will go to the temple to worship Tai Sui, so that everything will be smooth.

Punishment is too old, also known as "bias". If a person's birth year is three years different from the zodiac to which the fleeting time belongs, it is a punishment, that is, it is "eccentric" with the fleeting time. As the old saying goes, when people get old, they can't enjoy it. For example, year of the snake, Xiao She Tai Sui, Xiao Zhu Tai Sui, Xiao Hou Tai Sui and Xiao Hu Tai Sui.

3. Unknown creature-"Tai Sui"

"Tai sui" is an unknown creature on the earth, and its existence, function and influence have always been controversial in the field of biology.

It is not an animal or a plant, but a protoplasm in the process of life evolution. In other words, Tai Sui may be a myxomycete, a protoplast between biology and fungi, with the characteristics of both protozoa and fungi. Li Shizhen called it "Yueshi" in Compendium of Materia Medica, and called it "the top grade of this classic". Shan Hai Jing, an ancient book, called Tai Sui "seeing meat, gathering meat and starting over" and described it as "recovering after eating all".

history

In fact, thousands of years ago, there were records about Tai Sui in China's ancient book Shan Hai Jing. In Shan Hai Jing, Tai Sui is also called "seeing meat", "gathering meat" and "the meat". You see, everyone has the word meat, which means edible. According to Shan Hai Jing, "seeing meat" first appeared in front of ancient tombs, and it was an item that ancient emperors liked to eat before their death. It has the characteristics of "eat up and get it back" and "eat one piece after another", that is to say, it can grow again after eating one piece. As for the idea of longevity after eating, Li Shizhen, a medical scientist in Ming Dynasty, did record it in Compendium of Materia Medica. According to Compendium of Materia Medica, "Meat and cheese are like meat, and they are creatures. White people are like cutting fat, yellow people are like Zijin, and all open holes are as hard as ice. " In Compendium of Materia Medica, Li Shizhen called it the "Zhi" of the "Vegetable" Department of Rouzhi, which is also called "the top grade of this classic" with the Ganoderma lucidum we see now. Compendium of Materia Medica also lists several prescriptions focusing on "treatment", indicating that they have special curative effects on some difficult diseases, and their common characteristics are: "Long-term eating, strengthening the body and prolonging life". And because it has the characteristics of spontaneous growth, it is more precious. So emperors of all ages tried their best to find it. Among them, it is said that ancient emperors would look for Ganoderma lucidum. The most famous story is that Qin Shihuang sent Xu Fu to lead 3,000 boys and girls to find medicine.

According to Records of the Historical Records of Qin Shihuang, after Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, the emperor, as the king of a country, heard that there was an elixir in the East that could make you live forever, so in the 28th year of Qin Dynasty, he personally led a team to the East to find the elixir. He came to Langya Town, Shandong Province, and visited the famous alchemist Xu Fu, who ordered him to look for the elixir of life and gave Xu Fu a lot of manpower and material resources. Xu Fu immediately led 500 boys and girls eastbound and came to Penglai, Shandong Province to look for fairy medicine. So Chuifu built a ship and led 3,000 boys and girls to Fusang. He went to Yingzhou, the ancient abbot, which is now the Japanese archipelago, and continued to look for the fairy medicine. It is said that the fairy medicine that Qin Shihuang asked Xu Fu to look for included Ganoderma lucidum.

Guo Pu, a famous scholar in Jin Dynasty, explained "seeing meat" when commenting on Shan Hai Jing: "Gathering meat, like beef liver, has two eyes. The food is endless, as good as ever. "

Yu Shinan, a famous scholar in the Tang Dynasty, also wrote about "local meat" in Bei Tang Shuchao, and his historical materials were copied in the Records of Foreign Objects in Linhai. The article said: "The soil is as black as a child, the arm is five inches long, there is a belly in the middle, there is no mouth, and it is three-thirds full, which is as big as a hairpin, making it delicious."

Guang Yi Collection records that Chao is strong-willed, has legends or taboos about ghosts and gods, and never believes or fears them. He often deliberately dug up the soil at the position of attacking Tai Sui. One day, he dug up a lively white meat ball at the position of Tai Sui. He flogged this lively piece of meat hundreds of times and threw it on the side of the road, and then sent people to secretly observe the movements around him.

In the middle of the night, a large group of horses and chariots appeared in the street from nowhere and surrounded the meatballs. A man in the car asked Tai Sui, "Why are you willing to be humiliated like this, but don't take revenge?" "Tai sui replied," he is full of momentum and blood, I can't help him! 」

Research and discovery

From ancient times to the present, news about the discovery of "Tai Sui" has been constantly coming out. Especially since 1980s, it has been reported in Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Shandong and other places. Although the discovery of "Tai Sui" is no longer a major news, both the public and the scientific community have always been very interested in "Tai Sui". In the early 1990s, scientists in Beijing, Jilin, Shaanxi and other places began to study "Tai Sui".

There is no fixed value for the shape, color and size of Tai Sui, and it seems to grow with time.

Biology and species speculation

According to the information published by Northwest University, it has a complete cell structure and a respiratory function, that is, it produces carbon dioxide. By directly measuring carbon dioxide, it is proved that it has a metabolic process and produces carbon dioxide, which proves that it is alive.

● Statement 1: Myxomycete Complex

Experts observed through a high-power microscope that the composition of "Tai Sui" is a large number of bacteria with different varieties. Individuals who combine "Tai Sui" have certain elasticity and sometimes secrete silky mucus. At that time, experts concluded that the so-called "Tai Sui" should be a "super-large rare slime mold complex". It has the characteristics of protoplasm and fungi, and is a living organism. Experts estimate that Myxomycetes feed on microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast and mold spores, and take cellulose and chitin as nutrients, containing about 50% protein, as well as nucleic acids, yeast and mold. However, due to the limitation of scientific instruments, no further molecular analysis was carried out on these bacteria.

● Statement 2: Myxobacteria

Microbiologist of Jilin University explained that "Tai Sui" is a slime mold between protozoa and fungi, which lives in soil and has strong vitality.

● Statement 3: Higher fungi

Professor Bai Yuhua from the School of Life Sciences of Nankai University sliced Tai Sui and observed it under a microscope. It was found that there were hyphae in it, which were initially identified as higher fungi.

● statement 4: it is not a slime mold complex.

Yan Xiaolan, a morphological expert at the Institute of Microbiology, China Academy of Sciences, discovered many years ago that the object contains a lot of water. Protein experiment, no protein reaction, no nucleic acid reaction. When you burn it on the fire, you can smell choking. He estimates that there are aldehyde groups, alcohol groups or hydroxyl groups. Because Myxomycetes must have protein and nucleic acid components, he judged that "strange meat" was not a complex of Myxomycetes.

● Other statements

Some experts also believe that "Tai Sui" is the oldest living specimen of paleontology discovered so far, and it is "the ancestor of human beings and all animals". However, both researcher Li Taihui and Professor Shi said that although the statement that "Tai Sui" is a myxomycete complex is basically acceptable, the concept of "Myxomycete Complex" is very vague, and it is not clear what kind of species "Tai Sui" is. Only through molecular system analysis can we uncover the secrets of "Tai Sui" one by one.

Because it is still a mystery, it has been popular for many years.

In fact, the scientific research on "Tai Sui" has been one after another for a long time, but why has the popularity of "Tai Sui" continued to increase in recent years, both in the folk and in the scientific community? Experts believe that there are two main reasons.

First of all, the folklore of "Tai Sui" has been circulated since ancient times, and some related records are very uncertain. For example, Qin Shihuang once decided that "Tai Sui" was an immortal elixir and ordered Xu Fu to lead his men to do everything possible to find it. According to ancient documents, in northern China, "Tai Sui" is a legendary evil spirit. As the saying goes, there are some sayings, such as "Dare to go to the lion's den to break the ground" and "Make a lion's den". Therefore, whenever a suspected "Tai Sui" creature is found in various places, people will be extremely concerned, and the media will scramble to report the hype.

Secondly, at present, the scientific research results have not clearly explained what constitutes the "Tai Sui" flora complex. Li Taihui said that the research on fungi by scientists all over the world is still limited. At present, there are about 6.5438+0.5 million-2 million kinds of fungi in nature, and only about 5% of them have been studied by the scientific community. There are more than one million kinds of fungi that have not been identified. Therefore, experts have no doubt that even if Sun Yat-sen University has made new research progress on the molecular system of this substance, it is still difficult for the scientific community to formally name this complex creature.

Schedule: Names of 60-year-old star gentlemen

Jia Bian, Li Yichou, Xing Bing, Ding Mao,,,,, Geng Wu, Wang, Li Xinwei, Wang Renshen, Wang Guiyou,

Jia Jianguang, Yi Bao, Bing Jia, Ding Chou, Wu Yin, Ji Mao, Chen Geng, Xin Zheng Jizu, Ren Wu Luming Literature, Gui Weiren,

Yi Song, Bai Min, Ding Hai, Tang Zheng, Ji Chou Pan You, Geng Yin Wuhuan, Xin Mao Fan Ning, Ren Chen Pengtai, Gui Si Xu Yun,

Zhang Cheng, Yi Wei yang xian, Bing Shen Guan Zhong, Ding You, Ji, Tao, Geng, Xin Chou, Ren, Huan, Gui Mao Pi Shi,

Chen Jiali, Li Cheng, Yi Sui, Shirley, Miao Bing, Wu Shen, Shi Cheng, Geng Xumi, Ye Jian of Xinhai, Ren Ziqiu De, Gui Chou Lin Pu,

Jia Chao, Bing Ya, Ding Yan, Wu Qing, Luo Fu, Gengshen Maozi, Xin You Shizheng, Ren Xuhongke, Guihai Luocheng.

"Tai Sui" in Astronomical Calendar

The ancients had the concept of twelve immortals, that is, twelve equal parts of a week near the ecliptic were matched from east to west with twelve branches such as Zi Ugly Yin Mao, and the arrangement direction and order were just the opposite of the twelve immortals. The year-old star runs from west to east, just contrary to the direction and order of the twelve dates we are familiar with, so it is not convenient to apply the year-old star chronology in real life. Therefore, ancient astronomical astrologers invented a false old star named Tai Sui, and made it "run counter to the true old star" to make it consistent with the direction of 12 years old, and used it to calculate the year. According to the astronomical records of the Warring States recorded in Han Shitian Wenzhi, the stars are in the astrology in a certain year, and the wood (yin) is analyzed in his later years, which is "Tai sui is in the yin"; In the second year, the star will rush to the Xuan (Xiao), and the lion will rush to the fire (Mao). This year is "putting one's foot in the wool", and the rest will be analogized.

In addition, the ancients also used the twelve-year-old titles, such as Sheti Pavilion and Shankui, as the names of twelve years, such as "Tai sui carries Yin" and "Tai sui carries Mao". Qu Yuan's Li Sao: "Zhen and Zou take a photo, Geng Yin is my downfall". It is generally believed that the photos here are photos of Tai Sui's name, which means that Qu Yuan was born in the year of "Tai Sui in Yin"; Zou refers to the month when Yin was established in the first month of the lunar calendar; Gengyin is the main branch of birthday. In this way, Qu Yuan's birthday happened to be a cloudy day in silver moon the following year.

The theory of myxobacteria complex is unreliable.

According to Wang's statistics, from 1992 to now, * * * found "Tai Sui" 18 times all over the country. "There are many demolition projects now, but it was discovered 15 years 18 times. It can be seen that in ancient times,' Tai Sui' was so rare! " Wang sighed.

Things are rare, so "Tai Sui" has been shrouded in mystery. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica is also called Meat Ganoderma lucidum, which has high medical and health care value. However, the notes of the literati in the Tang Dynasty recorded the story of a man who was retaliated for offending the "Tai Sui" and his family's fortune fell.

Wang said that the "Tai Sui" discovered in recent years has always been interpreted as a myxomycete complex, which is a species between bacteria, algae and protozoa. But judging from the "Tai Sui" found all over the country, their shapes, colors and positions are different. Is Myxomycete Complex Theory Reliable?

After seeing Tai Sui for the first time, Wang quietly brought back a small piece of epidermis, but no cell structure was found under the microscope. "Isn't this a living thing at all?"

After discovering Tai Sui for the second time, he brought back one of them. The reporter saw "Tai Sui" raised with special water in Wang's laboratory. In more than two years, it grew from the size of jujube to the size of walnut. This "tai sui" is dark brown, which Wang said may be related to the pigments in the growing environment.

Generally, the mycelium can be clearly seen when the strain is magnified by about 400 times under the microscope, but no tissue can be seen on the "Taisui" section after magnification of 1000 times. What happens if the tissue is cultured in nutrient solution? With the idea of giving it a try, Wang took a valuable step in the study of Tai Sui.

■ Breakthrough

"Tai sui" inoculation block grows hyphae.

By chance, Wang once again got the "Tai Sui" sample. After careful disinfection, he cut into two or three millimeters of inoculation blocks and put them into the culture solution of 30 test tubes respectively.

After 24 hours, something strange happened! This "monster" who can't see the cell structure under the microscope has grown a mycelium 5 mm long. This result is far from the theory of "myxobacteria complex"

Wang observed these inoculation blocks under the microscope and found that lentiform spores and hyphae were clearly visible.

Wang said that his research results show that this "Tai Sui" is a tissue composed of fungi, not a slime mold complex. "Although similar things found in various places are called' Tai Sui', they are just the same in texture and have a big gap in shape. My research at least shows that it is incorrect to call these unknown creatures' Tai Sui' or' Myxomycete Complex'. Tai sui' includes at least two myxomycetes and fungi. "

Wang said that although he successfully cultivated the "Tai Sui" mycelium, there is still a long way to go to regain the "Tai Sui" entity.