Especially the general taste is in my heart. It's easier to see when it's not. Spring water is exhausted, but friends can hardly meet. As for the gift of eight stars to Wei, if it is turned into hundreds of billions of dollars, it will be scattered on the top of the mountain and look at my hometown. But tomorrow morning, I will climb the mountain and carve the plum tree with my hometown in white on the wall of an inn in the north of Dayu Mountain, and the water has brought you a touch of home and sent you a boat for three hundred miles to bid farewell to Jingmen and till, raising my cup, I asked the bright moon. At this time, the three people under the moon have a bright moon at sea.
2. The origin or origin of homesick poems: Looking up, I found it was moonlight and sank back. I suddenly remembered that the silent night thoughts in my hometown were strangers in a foreign land. Every festive season, I miss my parents' petals like tears, and the lonely bird has sung a song of mourning for my hometown tonight. Frost burns the thread in my loving mother's hand, which is another year's masterpiece. It has been a long time since I left home to make clothes for her wayward teenager's body, and the local accent has not changed. Returning home to yan zhen, the "next berth on the North Fort Mountain" in Luoyang, spring has only come for seven days, and I have been away from home for two years. Whose rain flute flies in the dark, scattered in the spring breeze of Manluo, "Luoyang City on a Spring Night" for no reason, but regards Bing as his hometown. The Journey to the West knows that the dew will frost tonight, and the moonlight at home is so bright! "I miss my brother on a moonlit night", but I looked home, and the twilight was getting thicker? Jiang Lang's "Climbing the Yellow Crane Tower" has been a lover for a long time, and Shan Juan's "Water Melody" is plum blossom. When you pass my silk window, the first cold flower blooms. ■ "Miscellaneous Poems" is weeping. Looking from a distance, Humayi's Elegy can be regarded as the north wind, and the Nineteen Ancient Poems from the south branch of the Bird's Nest is the expectation of everyone in the Ming Dynasty tonight. I don't know whose home Qiu Si is. "Looking at the moon for fifteen nights" is just the mirror lake in front of the door.
Especially the general taste is in my heart. It's easier to see when it's not. Spring water is exhausted, but friends can hardly meet. As for the gift of eight stars to Wei, if it is turned into hundreds of billions of dollars, it will be scattered on the top of the mountain and look at my hometown. But tomorrow morning, I will climb the mountain and carve the plum tree with my hometown in white on the wall of an inn in the north of Dayu Mountain, and the water has brought you a touch of home and sent you a boat for three hundred miles to bid farewell to Jingmen and till, raising my cup, I asked the bright moon. At this time, the three people under the moon have a bright moon at sea.
3. I want to write those homesick ancient poems, the origin of the poems and the poet's expression techniques, and park at the foot of Beibao Mountain.
Wangwan
Under the blue mountain, my boat and I meandered along the green water.
Until the river bank widens at low tide, and no wind blows my lonely sail.
... night gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in freshness.
Finally, I can send my messenger, Wild Goose, back to Luoyang.
"A berth under the Beibao Mountain" is a famous work that has been told for generations, among which "The embankment widens until the ebb tide, and there is no wind blowing my solitary sail" and "The embankment widens until the ebb tide" ... "Night now gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in the clear spring" are highly praised famous sentences. This poem depicts the Jiangnan scenery with green mountains and green waters and flat tides and broad shores that the poet saw when he was parked at the foot of Gubei Mountain. However, with the approach of the Spring Festival, the geese overhead sighed, "My emissary can finally be sent". The whole poem is full of beautiful artistic conception and mixed scenes, which expresses the poet's deep homesickness when he lives abroad.
Thoughts in the dead of night
The foot of my bed is shining so brightly. Is there frost already?
I looked up at the moon and looked down, feeling nostalgic.
Silent Night Thinking is the work of Li Bai, a great poet, expressing homesickness. Although this poem has only twenty words, no work can match it in terms of its popularity. It is almost a masterpiece that Chinese people all over the world are familiar with. The most widely circulated version of Silent Night Thinking in China is the Ming version, which is different from the Song version.
4. The origin and development of ancient poetry.
In order to facilitate everyone to understand the artistic characteristics and genre classification of poetry, first of all, introduce the development history of classical poetry.
In the history of China literature, the earliest poem we can see is The Book of Songs, which is about 3000 years ago. This is the earliest collection of poems in China, with a total of 305 poems, which was called "Poetry" or "Poetry 300" in ancient times. Its content consists of three parts: wind, elegance and praise, which are divided from the perspective of music. There are three ways of expression: Fu, Bi and Xing. Therefore, predecessors called it "wind, elegance, praise" and "fu, comparison, xing" six-meaning poems. Syntactically, language is basically four words and one sentence.
Following the Book of Songs, in the 4th century BC, a new style of poetry appeared in the State of Chu, called Songs of the Chu, and its founder was Qu Yuan. Later, the Han people compiled the works written by Qu Yuan, Song Yu and others into a book called Songs of the South. Chuci broke through the four words in the Book of Songs and developed into five-word sentences and seven-word sentences, that is, even sentences (four words and one sentence) were changed into odd sentences (five words and one sentence), which not only better expressed thoughts and feelings, but also made the rhythm and rhythm more musical.
In the Han Dynasty, Yuefu Poetry, a poem sung with music, appeared. There are four words, five words and miscellaneous words in language, but most of them are five words. Later, the literati headed by Cao Cao and his son and Tao Yuanming developed five-character poems. At the same time, seven-character poems have also developed greatly.
Before Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the rhythm and rhyme of poetry had not formed a rule that everyone followed, but the author wrote it according to his personal content needs and rhyme feeling. In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, influenced by Indian Sanskrit phonology (called Tianzhu in ancient times), phonology in China developed. Zhou Ai and Shen Yue of Qi Liang summed up the pronunciation rules of Chinese characters and put forward the theories of "four tones" and "eight diseases", which made poetry creation develop from natural rhythm to pursuit of rhythm, and the nature of paying attention to levelness and rhythm appeared in poetry writing, forming the main content of metrical poetry.
Tang Dynasty is the heyday of China's poetry development and the golden age of classical poetry. On the basis of inheriting the poems of the previous generation, the poems of the Tang Dynasty developed further and formed a fixed classification. There are two kinds of classification, one is ancient poetry, also called ancient style; The so-called ancient poetry refers to imitating the traditional poetry style before the Tang Dynasty, which has no certain meter, can be divided into length, is relatively free in rhyme and level, and the number of words in the sentence is neat and irregular; Among them, there are mainly five-character ancient style and seven-character ancient style. Second, modern poetry, also known as modern poetry (this "modern" refers to the Tang Dynasty), is what we call metrical poetry; Modern poetry is not as free as classical poetry, and it has strict requirements in length, rhyme, parallelism and antithesis. Basically, it can be divided into two types: metrical poems and quatrains. Rhymes and quatrains are divided into five words and seven words, and rhymes with more than eight sentences are called rhymes.
In the middle Tang Dynasty, a new genre was derived from poetry, which was the most developed in the Song Dynasty, namely Ci. Because words originate from poetry, words are also called "poems"; In addition, because of the different lengths of words in sentences, the ancients also called them "long and short sentences".
In the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, a new genre appeared, called Qu, also called Sanqu. Qu can be said to be another word. So what's the difference between it and words? The language is closer to spoken English except that the accompaniment instruments are different when singing. The most prominent feature is that interlining can be added. For example, Zhang's "One of the Three Leisure Songs" said, "Yesterday, the flowers are bright, but now it is raining, and the society is suffering. (No) Mud stinks, (How to) kill (this) sun and moon. " The words in brackets are called lines.
The above briefly introduces the development history of China's classical poetry.
References:
/course _ ware/ Yu Wen/Yu Wen/cankaozl/wenxueshi.htm.
5. What is the origin and development of poetry? 1. Origin
Poetry is the oldest and most literary style, which comes from ancient labor songs (later developed into folk songs) and sacrificial eulogy. Poetry used to be a general term for poetry and songs, and poetry combined with music and dance was called poetry. China's poems have a long history and rich heritage, such as The Book of Songs, Songs of the South, Han Yuefu and the works of countless poets. European poetry originated from Homer and Sappho in ancient Greece, Virgil and Horace in ancient Rome.
2. Development
With the development of social history, during the 500 years from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period (BC 1 1 century to the 7th century BC), China's ancient poetry has made remarkable achievements. The Book of Songs, produced in this historical period, contains 305 poems, which is the oldest collection of poems in the history of China literature.
The Book of Songs is divided into three categories: wind, elegance and ode. Wind is a folk song with local color in fifteen vassal States at that time; Ya is a music song in the area directly ruled by Zhou Dynasty. "Fu" is a dance music used in ancestral halls, also called temple music.
6. The background story of homesick poems: thinking about "Li Bai" at night.
Silent Night Thinking is a poem written by the poet after he left home. The whole poem is only four short sentences, five words in each sentence and twenty words in * *, but it profoundly expresses the deep homesickness of a wanderer who is far away from home.
The title of Silent Night Thinking points out the specific writing background of this poem: in silent night thinking, the author lies in bed and can't sleep. The white moonlight shone on the bed through the window, and the white color made people feel that the ground was covered with pieces of silver frost. This metaphor is very apt and ingenious. The poet looked up and saw the bright moon hanging high in the sky, which aroused his homesickness: the bright moon shone on the window of the wanderer (the child who left home) and also on the land of his hometown. Relatives in my hometown, are they safe and happy? The poet can't go back to his hometown to reunite with his relatives, so he has to send his thoughts to them through this bright moon. Thought of here, the poet has unconsciously bowed his head and lost in thought. ...
Silent Night Thinking is a poem written by the poet after he left home. The whole poem is only four short sentences, five words in each sentence and twenty words in * *, but it profoundly expresses the deep homesickness of a wanderer who is far away from home.
The title of Silent Night Thinking points out the specific writing background of this poem: in silent night thinking, the author lies in bed and can't sleep. The white moonlight shone on the bed through the window, and the white color made people feel that the ground was covered with pieces of silver frost. This metaphor is very apt and ingenious. The poet looked up and saw the bright moon hanging high in the sky, which aroused his homesickness: the bright moon shone on the window of the wanderer (the child who left home) and also on the land of his hometown. Relatives in my hometown, are they safe and happy? The poet can't go back to his hometown to reunite with his relatives, so he has to send his thoughts to them through this bright moon. Thought of here, the poet has unconsciously bowed his head and lost in thought. ...
7. The Origin, Development and Historical Brief Introduction of Poetry China's poems were produced before the invention of writing, and gradually formed and developed in people's labor, singing and dancing.
Oracle Bone Inscriptions's discovery enables the source of China's classical prose to be traced back to Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Shangshu in Yin and Shang Dynasties was quite mature in structure and expression, and naturally became the ancestor of China's classical prose.
During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the appearance of China's first poetry collection, The Book of Songs, was the first major event in the history of ancient literature. The Book of Songs collected 305 poems from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period about 500 years ago.
According to the music standard, it is divided into three parts: wind, elegance and praise. "Wind" is a local music song outside Kyoto in the Zhou Dynasty, "Ya" is a music song in the area directly ruled by the Zhou Dynasty, and "Ode" is a dance music at the ancestral temple.
The ideological content of The Book of Songs reflects a wide range of social life. Some poems, such as Storytelling and Vatan, expose the corruption of rulers and shout out voices against exploitation and oppression. Some poems express their abhorrence of the corvee military service, such as "Bo Xi" and "Serviceman". Some poems eulogize the sincere love between men and women and their yearning for a better marriage life, such as "Quiet Girl" and "Jia Jian". Others show the misfortune of women's marriage, such as self-protection.
In short, all aspects of social life at that time, as well as the thoughts and feelings of working people, were truly reflected in the Book of Songs. It has a distinct sense of the times and people's nature.
In art, The Book of Songs is fluent in tone and simple in language, which is often expressed by Fu, Bi and Xing. Fu's technique is telling the truth, that is, metaphor. Xing is to feel things, first recite other things to arouse feelings.
Later generations regard The Book of Songs as the highest model of learning. (Supplement: The Book of Songs is a collection of poems from1/kloc-0 to the 6th century BC, and it is also the first collection of poems in China, with a total of 305 poems. According to different music, it can be divided into three categories: wind, elegance and ode.
"Ode" poems are music songs used by rulers to sacrifice, including ancestors, mountains and rivers and farmers. "Elegance" can be divided into elegance and indecency, both of which are used for banquet ceremonies. The main content is to praise the heroes of the past and satirize the current politics. "Wind" is the essence of The Book of Songs, including 15 local folk songs.
At the end of the Warring States Period, in the 4th century BC, the great poet Qu Yuan was born in the southern State of Chu, with its unique cultural foundation and the influence of the northern culture. Chu poets represented by Qu Yuan, on the basis of studying Chu Ci, created a new style poem with unique Chu cultural brilliance-Chu Ci.
The poetic style of Chu Ci is mainly composed of six words and seven words, with different lengths and fleXibility, and the modal particle "xi" is commonly used. Poetry is full of magical and magnificent imagination and unique Chu culture romance.
Qu Yuan, a great patriotic poet, used this form of poetry to create the first lyric poem Li Sao, eleven beautiful and moving poems, nine lyrical poems, Tian Wen, and 25 works of Chu Ci in the history of ancient literature. Qu Yuan's successors include Song Yu, Le Tang and Jing Ke.
Li Sao, as the peak and representative of the art of Chu Ci, is also called "Sao" with the Book of Songs in the history of literature, setting an example for future generations. It broke the four-word form of The Book of Songs, from three or four words to five or seven words.
In terms of creative methods, Chu Ci absorbed the romantic spirit of myth and opened up the creative road of romanticism in China literature. Following the Book of Songs and Songs of the South, a new form of poetry appeared in the Han Dynasty, that is, the folk songs of Han Yuefu.
There are more than 65,438+000 folk songs in Yuefu in Han Dynasty, many of which are five-character poems. Later, the intentional imitation of classical writers became the main form of poetry in Wei and Jin Dynasties. At the end of the Han Dynasty, under the social background of Wei Chu's "chaos in the world, surging clouds and rising public grievances", literati's poetry creation entered a period of great development of "five words soaring".
During this period, with Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi as the core, Ye Ren Xia Group was formed with Kong Rong, RoyceWong, Serina Liu, Chen Lin and other so-called "seven sons of Jian 'an", which created the glory of Jian 'an literature. The works of Jian 'an literati have the same style of the times as "generosity". Among them, Cao Cao's poems, such as Hao, Short, Walking Out of Xiamen, which reflect the turbulent social reality and express the poet's ambition to make contributions and unify the world, are all relatively successful chapters.
Cao Zhi's literary achievements are the highest, and he is called "the outstanding man in Jian 'an". His poem is "high-spirited, and his words are taken from Hua Mao". "White Horse" and "White Horse Wang Biao" are his representative works in his early and later periods.
His prose and ci fu also show high ideological and artistic quality, and the famous "Luo Shen Fu" is beautiful. RoyceWong is the most accomplished writer among the "Seven Scholars", and his Seven Wounded Poems and Loutai Fu are masterpieces with realistic spirit in Jian 'an literature.
At the turn of Wei and Jin Dynasties, with the change of social customs, poetry creation showed a different style from that of Jian 'an era. Ruan Ji and Ji Kang's works are either gloomy and difficult, or sharp-edged. They inherited the excellent tradition of Jian 'an literature and further promoted the development of five-character poems.
Poetry flourished in the period of Taikang in the Western Jin Dynasty, and poets were known as "three lands and two lefties". But most of the works are in China, and only Zuo Si's poems are vigorous and powerful, inheriting the spirit of Jian 'an literature. His poem "Ode to History" opens up a new way to combine history with nostalgia.
Under the influence of metaphysics in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, metaphysical poems with "tasteless rhetoric" once flooded, and Tao Yuanming was the greatest poet who could transcend the secular world. In Tao Yuanming's era, "Zhen Feng died, and the Great Pseudo prospered". He walked out of poverty and witnessed the darkness of officialdom, unwilling to go with the flow. He is determined to resign and retire, keeping his personal spirit.
His pastoral poems depict the beauty of natural scenery, praise the tranquility of rural life, and show the joy and hardship of personally participating in agricultural production and labor. It has created an artistic realm that combines emotion, scenery and reason, and is plain and mellow.
Drinking in the Garden is his masterpiece of pastoral poetry. The style of Tao's poetry naturally faded into the mainstream, but reading Shan Hai Jing (Jing Wei Fill Micro Wood) and Jing Ke Fu also showed the poet's "King Kong glaring" side.
It can be seen that the poet's heart is not peaceful, and he has not forgotten the world. Tao Yuanming's poems have a great influence on later generations, especially the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty.
Tao Yuanming's literary achievements are manifold.
8. The development history and origin of China's poetry. The development history of China's classical poetry seems a little too much. Hee hee poetry has a long history in China, stretching for thousands of years, and has made brilliant achievements.
As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period, China's poems had produced a large number of brilliant chapters, which was marked by the appearance of the Book of Songs, China's first poetry collection. There are 305 poems in The Book of Songs, which are divided into three parts: wind, elegance and ode, all of which can be sung by music.
Most of the chapters in The Book of Songs have a distinct sense of the times and people's nature. They make good use of fu, bi and xing. The sentence pattern is mainly composed of four words, and the sentences are repeated in many chapters, which laid a profound humanistic foundation and artistic foundation for later literary creation. At the end of the Warring States period, a new poetic style with unique Chu culture style-Chu Ci was formed in the southern State of Chu.
The sentence patterns of Chu Ci vary in length, with six words and seven words as the main ones, and the word "Xi" is often used. Qu Yuan, the founder and main author of Chu Ci, created immortal poems such as Li Sao, Nine Songs and Nine Chapters in this way, becoming the first great poet in the history of China literature.
Li Sao, his masterpiece, is the most magnificent lyric poem in the history of China ancient literature. Qu Yuan was followed by Song Yu, Le Tang, Jing Ke and other Chu Ci writers.
The appearance of Chu Ci marks the higher stage of China's poetry from the folk collective singing and development to the poet's independent creation. The Book of Songs and Songs of the South are the two sources of poetry development in later generations, and they are also called "coquettish" in literary history. * * * * jointly created the excellent tradition of the harmonious development of realism and romanticism in China's ancient poems, and set an example for future generations.
In the early Han Dynasty, literati poetry was relatively lonely, and folk Yuefu was quite active. "Yuefu" originally refers to national music institutions, and later generations also refer to the songs collected and edited by Yuefu that can be performed by music as "Yuefu".
Folk songs of Han Yuefu are the essence of Han Yuefu. The folk songs of Han Yuefu inherited the realistic tradition of the folk songs in The Book of Songs, that is, "Hungry people sing about their food, and laborers sing about their things", which is easy to understand, has a long narrative and is full of life flavor. The sentence pattern is mainly composed of five words, which reflects the new development of poetry art.
"Shang Mo Sang" and "Peacock Flying Southeast" are masterpieces of folk songs in Han Yuefu, as well as representative works of narrative poems. Peacock Flying Southeast is the first narrative poem with a high degree of ideological and artistic unity in the history of China's poetry. 353 sentences, with the word 1765, are called "the saint of long poems" and "the first long poem in ancient and modern times".
Under the influence of Han Yuefu, literati's five-character poems gradually developed and matured, marked by Nineteen Ancient Poems, which appeared in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. This is a group of lyric short poems written by poor literati. They are sentimental, short and affectionate, euphemistic and implicit, concise and concise, and are known as "in a word, the crown of five words".
At the end of Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin Dynasties, literature entered the era of consciousness. During the Jian 'an period, "the world was divided, the wind declined and the people complained", but the literati poetry showed a great development trend of "five words surging in the wind", with Cao and his son and RoyceWong and other "seven sons of Jian 'an" as the center, forming a group of people.
Most of their poems reflect the turmoil of the times and the sufferings of the people, express their personal ideals and ambitions, and have the style of "generosity" and "deep ambition", which is praised as "Jian 'an style" by later generations. The most outstanding achievements in Jian 'an poetry are Cao Zhi and RoyceWong.
At the turn of Wei and Jin Dynasties, social customs changed. The Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest are the representative poets in Zhengshi period, among which Ruan Ji and Ji Kang are the most famous and have the highest achievements. Ruan Ji's Eighty-two Poems about Huai is the first large-scale five-character poem with personal lyrical color in China, and Ji Kang has opened up a new realm of four-character poems.
During the reign of Taikang in the Western Jin Dynasty, the poetry circle was known as "three lands and two lefties". Works by Lu Ji, Zhang Xie and Pan Yue. Pursuing beautiful words and creating the style of carving and piling up China's poems; Zuo Si is unique and inherits the literary tradition of Jian 'an. His eight poems about history express his feelings with high emotional tone and vigorous brushwork, and he is known as the "wind of Zuo Si".
Metaphysical poetry in the Eastern Jin Dynasty flooded for a while, and it was not until the appearance of Tao Yuanming at the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty that the poetic world suddenly added luster. Shi Tao's poems are mostly rural life, and their style is naturally faded. They are "qualitative and practical, rich and practical" (Su Shi's language), which has a direct impact on the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty.
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the representative poets in the South were Xie Lingyun, Xie and Bao Zhao. Xie Lingyun created landscape poems and realized the transformation from metaphysical poems to landscape poems.
Influenced by it, Xie and Xie Lingyun are called "big and small thanks" when describing landscapes. Bao Zhao is good at expressing cynicism with the ancient seven-character style, and his style is elegant and bold, paving the way for the development of seven-character songs in Tang Dynasty.
The most accomplished poet in the north is Yu Xin, who goes from south to north. He wrote homesickness with vigorous and powerful pen, integrated the poetic style of the North and the South, and became a master of poetry in the Six Dynasties. The reflection of Yuefu folk songs in the Southern and Northern Dynasties before and after Yuefu in the Han Dynasty.
Folk songs in the Southern Dynasties are graceful and euphemistic, and the masterpiece is Xizhou Song. The folk songs of the Northern Dynasties are rough and bold, and the masterpiece is Mulan Poetry. The Tang Dynasty is the golden age in the history of China's poetry, with complete poetic style, various schools, famous artists and outstanding achievements.
"Four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty" (Wang Bo, Yang Jiong and Lu) and later inherited the poetic style of Han and Wei Dynasties, vigorously swept away the decadent poetic style of Qi Liang Palace and sang fresh and healthy songs, paving the way for the development of Tang poetry. During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, two schools of poetry first appeared: one was the school of pastoral poetry represented by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran, which expressed leisurely and carefree feelings in a fresh and natural style; Second, frontier poets, represented by Gao Shi, Cen Can and Wang Changling, wrote more about frontier scenery and military life, either generously and tragically or magnificently.
So Li Bai and Du Fu were born, known as the "Gemini" in the history of China's poetry. Li Bai, the "Poet Fairy", inherited and carried forward the romantic tradition of China's poems, praised the great rivers and mountains of the motherland, and showed the contradiction between ideal and reality. His emotions are like fire, and his style is bold and elegant.
Du Fu, a poet sage, inherited and developed the traditional spirit of realism. His poems widely and profoundly reflect the era of prosperity and decline in the Tang Dynasty, and are known as "the history of poetry", with deep feelings and gloomy style. Li and Du became poets of Zebei University with their unique styles and great achievements.
After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang poetry experienced a short transition, and the second prosperity appeared in the middle Tang Dynasty. Represented by Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen, the New Yuefu Movement was launched.
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