The construction time of the Egyptian pyramids: about 2700-2500 BC (this is an accepted statement)
Construction site: the Giza Plateau near Cairo, Egypt, which is the only seven wonders we are familiar with.
Pharaoh is the king of ancient Egypt, and the pyramid is the tomb of Pharaoh. Why did Pharaoh build the pyramids? How were the huge pyramids built? Some people say that the pyramids were built by aliens. What is the truth? According to legend, before the third dynasty in ancient Egypt, both princes and ministers and ordinary people were buried in a rectangular tomb made of mud bricks, which the ancient Egyptians called "Mastaba". Later, a clever young man named Imhotep invented a new building method when designing a mausoleum for the Egyptian Pharaoh Zuosai. He replaced the mud brick with the square stone he picked from the mountain, constantly revised the design scheme of building the mausoleum, and finally built a six-story trapezoidal pyramid-this is the prototype of the pyramid we see now. In ancient Egypt, the pyramids were trapezoidal and layered, so they were also called hierarchical pyramids. This is a tall pyramid building with a square base and a triangle on each side, which looks like golden Chinese characters, so we call it "pyramid". The tower mausoleum designed by Imhotep is the first stone mausoleum in Egyptian history. After King Zuo Sai, the Egyptian Pharaoh followed his example and built a mausoleum for himself before he died. Since then, ancient Egypt has set off a wind to build pyramids. Because the pyramids originated in the ancient kingdom period, and the largest pyramids were built in this period, the ancient kingdom period of Egypt is also called the pyramid age. Why did the pharaohs of ancient Egypt build the mausoleum into the shape of a pyramid, which is the golden shape in Chinese characters? It turns out that at the earliest time, the pharaohs in Egypt prepared to use Mastaba as their permanent residence after death. Later, during the second and third dynasties, the Egyptians came up with the idea that the king would become a god and his soul would ascend to heaven after his death. In the later discovery of the pyramid inscription, there are such words? Quot You should build a ladder for him (Pharaoh) so that he can go up there. "The pyramid is such a ladder. At the same time, the pyramid shape also expresses the worship of the sun god, because the symbol of the ancient Egyptian sun god "La" is the light of the sun. The pyramid symbolizes the sunlight that penetrates the sky. Because, when you stand on the road to Kize and look west from the perspective of the pyramid ridge, you can see that the pyramid shines on the earth like the sun.
There is a sentence in the inscription of the pyramid: "The sky extends its own light to you, so that you can go to heaven, just like pulling your eyes." Later, the worship of the obelisk by ancient Egyptians also had such significance, because the obelisk also represented the light of the sun. The largest of all the pyramids in ancient Egypt is the pyramid of the fourth dynasty Pharaoh Khufu. The original height of the Great Pyramid was 146.59 meters. After thousands of years of wind and rain, the top has been eroded by nearly 10 meter. But before the Eiffel Tower was built in Paris in 1888, it was the tallest building in the world. The bottom of the pyramid is square, each side is more than 230 meters long, and it takes almost one kilometer to walk around the pyramid.
China Great Wall, the capital of China: Beijing.
The Great Wall in China is the greatest construction project in the history of human civilization. It was built more than 2000 years ago during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. After the Qin Dynasty unified China, it became the Great Wall of Wan Li. Large-scale construction in hamming period. The vastness of its project and the grandeur of its momentum can be called a miracle of the world. As time went on, things changed. Now, when you climb the ruins of the former Great Wall, you can not only witness the majestic posture of the Great Wall among the mountains, but also appreciate the great wisdom and courage of the Chinese nation in creating history.
The Great Wall is located in the north of China, starting from Shanhaiguan in the east and Jiayuguan in the west, with a total length of about 6,700 kilometers. It is commonly known as the Great Wall of Wan Li.
The construction of the Great Wall lasted for more than 2000 years. According to historical records, from the establishment of Fangcheng by Chu in the 7th century BC to the Ming Dynasty (1368- 1644), more than 20 vassal states and feudal dynasties built the Great Wall, of which the length of the Great Wall in Qin, Han and Ming Dynasties exceeded 5,000 kilometers. If you add up the Great Wall built in different eras, the total length is more than 50,000 kilometers. If we build a masonry earthwork wall with a thickness of 1 meter and a height of 5 meters for the Great Wall, this wall can circle the earth more than once.
The main project of the Great Wall is a tall wall stretching across Wan Li, most of which is built at the highest point of the mountain. The endless winding mountains are clearly outlined along the ridge, shaping a galloping and magnificent dragon and becoming a symbol of the Chinese nation. On the wall of Wan Licheng, there are hundreds of Xiongguan and Pass, thousands of watchtowers and beacon towers, which break the monotony of the wall and make the undulating terrain more majestic and steep, full of great artistic charm.
Among all the Great Wall landscapes, Badaling Great Wall in Beijing is particularly strong and well-preserved, and it is the best place to watch the Great Wall. In addition, there are Jinshanling Great Wall, Mutianyu Great Wall, Simatai Great Wall and Gubeikou Great Wall. Tianjin Huangyaguan Great Wall, Hebei Shanhaiguan and Gansu Jiayuguan are also famous Great Wall tourist attractions.
The Great Wall in Wan Li, China, is the longest and largest national military defense project in the world. It embodies the blood, sweat and wisdom of our ancestors and is the symbol and pride of the Chinese nation.
According to historical records, since the Warring States period, more than 20 vassal states and feudal dynasties have built the Great Wall. The first is Chu, which began to build the Great Wall to defend the northern nomadic people or enemy countries. Later, countries such as Qi, Yan, Wei, Zhao and Qin began to build their own Great Wall for the same purpose. After Qin unified the six countries, Qin Shihuang sent a famous soldier, Meng Tian, to explore the Xiongnu in the north, connecting the Great Walls of various countries, stretching for more than 10,000 miles from Yao in the west to Liaodong in the east, hence the name "Wan Li Great Wall". But what we see today is mainly the Ming Great Wall.
There are only relics left in Qin Changcheng. Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall with 300,000 people, which created a miracle in the history of human architecture. The construction of the Great Wall objectively played a positive role in preventing the Huns from invading the south and protecting the economic and cultural development of the Central Plains. Dr. Sun Yat-sen once commented: "Although the first emperor had no choice, the Great Wall made great contributions to later generations. In fact, Dayu managed water and so on."
The Han Dynasty continued to build the Great Wall. From Wendi to Xuan Di, from Dawaner Shicheng in the west to the north bank of Heilongjiang in the east, a 10,000-kilometer-long Great Wall was built. Half of the ancient Silk Road was along the Great Wall, which was the longest in history. In the Ming Dynasty, the construction of the Great Wall never stopped in order to prevent the invasion of Tatars and Waci people. From Hongwu to Wanli, after 20 large-scale constructions, from Jiayuguan in Gansu in the west to Hushan in Liaodong in the east, a side wall of 6,350 kilometers was built. (But it is reported that in 1990, the pedometer of a China man who walked the whole Great Wall showed 6700 kilometers. )
The Great Wall has great tourism value and historical and cultural significance. Now, after careful development and restoration, Shanhaiguan, Juyongguan, Badaling, Simatai, Mutianyu and Jiayuguan have become famous tourist attractions at home and abroad. Looking into the distance, with the ancient bosom, the ancient battlefield seems to be just around the corner. Today, the Great Wall, together with the Egyptian pyramids, the Colosseum in Rome and the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, is known as the seven wonders of the world. It is a monument of China's ancient culture and the crystallization of wisdom, symbolizing the blood and national spirit of the Chinese nation.
Taj Mahal, India, India's capital: New Delhi
Jagra is a city full of historical buildings, and many beautiful buildings are rare in the world. The Taj Mahal there has long been famous in the world, and tourists are intoxicated by its beauty, and tourists are amazed by its exquisite art. The Taj Mahal is an Islamic building and deserves to be one of the wonders of the world. Many Indian friends said to the author, "It is a waste of time to come to India without seeing the Taj Mahal."
The Taj Mahal is located on the banks of the Nahe River in Zhu Mu, surrounded by a huge red sandstone wall, which is magnificent. The mausoleum is built on a high square platform, made of white marble, smooth and white, solemn and beautiful. The upper part of the mausoleum is a huge white dome, and every corner of the platform has a white tower that penetrates the sky sharply. The four pointed towers set off the dome of the Taj Mahal in the middle, giving people a strange aesthetic feeling, symmetry and rhythm. The interior walls and the edges of doors and windows of the mausoleum are inlaid with colored gems in various patterns.
There is a long and narrow pool in front of the mausoleum, surrounded by green trees and flowers; There are wide passages on both sides of the jade belt-like pool, and tourists from all over the world come in an endless stream. The water in the pool is clear and blue, with the reflection of tombs, trees and flowers, which makes people relaxed and happy. During the day, the white marble of the main body of the mausoleum shines in the sun; At night, the bright moon is in the sky, and a cool breeze is blowing slowly, giving people a comfortable feeling. In the midsummer evening, many people are enjoying the cool. The Zhumu River at the back of the mausoleum winds through, and the current is sometimes urgent and sometimes slow, adding a bit of quiet luster to the mausoleum.
The Taj Mahal was built in 1648 with a history of 300 years. It was built by Shah Jahan, the fifth emperor of the Mughal Empire, for his beloved wife. It is said that his wife Taj Mahal is not only outstanding in appearance, but also smart and capable. She used to help the king manage state affairs, so Sha Jiahan doted on her very much. 1630, Sharjah Khan led the troops to war, and Taji was with the army. Unfortunately, he died on the way because he gave birth to his eighth child, at the age of 36. Before he died, Sha Jiahan asked his wife what her hopes and demands were. The Taj Mahal replied, "Please build a big grave for me to commemorate our love." Shah Jahan readily agreed. Later, he invited the best craftsmen at home and abroad to choose the best marble from other places, and spent more than 20 thousand people to start construction. It lasted 16 years and cost more than 5 million rupees. This incomparable mausoleum has finally been completed. After the completion of the mausoleum, Shah Jahan often wore white clothes and laid flowers in front of the tomb. When he saw the mausoleum missing people, he burst into tears. Soon, in order to usurp the throne, his son rebelled and imprisoned him in an old castle. From then on, he lost his freedom and frowned. Every day, he sits in the corridor of the Red Fort with his back to the Taj Mahal, absorbed in meditation, enduring sadness and staring at the mirror embedded in the post. The shadow of the Taj Mahal is reflected in this mirror. In this way, he was depressed all day, spent the rest of his life in loneliness and nostalgia, year after year, and finally died of depression. Shah Jahan had hoped to build a mausoleum similar to the Taj Mahal for his own use, but it didn't come true.
Shah Jahan is a ruthless emperor. He not only hated his brother, but also exiled his mother. It was he who deliberately set the tiger free and killed the "prisoners" and ate them alive, while he stood by and witnessed the horror and enjoyed it. Such a tyrannical and ruthless ruler later became his son's prisoner, which deserved it. Of course, the people would not sympathize with him. However, the beauty of the Taj Mahal has always attracted generations of domestic and foreign tourists, which reflects the wisdom of the working people in India. India has a hot climate and abundant rainfall. Surprisingly, despite years of sun exposure and weathering, the Taj Mahal is still intact.
Borobudur, Indonesia Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia
Borobudur is located in Borobudur Village, Margileng, about 25 kilometers south of Yogyakarta, Java Island, Indonesia. Pagoda is a pagoda, which was built in 824 AD. It is said that there are Buddha bones of Sakyamuni in the pagoda. Later, due to volcanic eruption, it was covered by volcanic ash and was not excavated until the19th century.
This is a stepped solid stupa with a round bottom and four symmetrical sides, with a total of 10 floors and a total height of 3 1.5 meters. The second floor below is the pedestal, square, with a side length of11.5m. There are stone steps on all sides, reaching the top of the tower, and five square platforms in the middle, which are gradually reduced. Barriers are set on the outside of each floor, forming a thick corridor surrounded by all sides. The scenery in the corridor is closed. Every few steps, there is a stone cave with a meditation Buddha statue inside. There are many reliefs on the gallery wall. On the three-story frustum, there are 72 stone hollowed-out slopes in three circles, and each slope has a Buddha statue. In the middle is a big slope with a diameter of 9.9 meters.
The whole building is like a huge mandala (Buddhist practice altar). The design and sculpture of the stupa faithfully embodies the Buddhist teachings: the five-story square platform below symbolizes the "boundary", with a total of 432 stone Buddha statues with different expressions and shapes. There are more than 2,000 reliefs on the wall of the gallery, which depict the story of the Buddha with vivid images and extraordinary skills. The upper three-story frustum of a cone symbolizes "heaven", and 72 slopes symbolize Buddhist enlightenment. Slope is a solid, which means the highest realm of intangible and intangible forms.
Borobudur is listed as one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages. The other six are: the Ming Great Wall in China and the Taj Mahal in India? 6? 1 mahar Mausoleum, Angkor Wat, Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon, St. Sofia Church in Istanbul, Leaning Tower of Pisa.