In the early years of the Warring States, King Hui of Chu wanted to restore the hegemony of Chu. He expanded his army and attacked the state of Song.

King Hui of Chu reused one of the most capable craftsmen at that time. He is a native of Lu, named Gong Bo, and later called Lu Ban. Needless to say, throwing the head with an axe is the most dexterous. Anyone who wants to surpass his ability to use an axe is overreaching. So later, there was an idiom called "teaching fish to swim".

At the invitation of King Hui of Chu, he became a doctor of Chu. He designed a siege tool for the king of Chu, which was even higher than building a car. It looked high enough to touch the clouds, so it was called a ladder.

King Hui of Chu, while preparing to attack the State of Song, hurriedly made a ladder like defeat. As soon as the news that Chu made ladders spread, governors of all countries were a little worried.

Especially in the song dynasty, I heard that Chu was coming to attack, and I was even more heartbroken.

Chu's attempt to attack the State of Song also aroused some people's opposition. Mozi is the most opposed.

Mozi, named Di, is the founder of Mohism. He opposes extravagance and waste and advocates economy. He asked his disciples to wear short clothes, sandals and take part in labor, and regarded suffering as a noble thing. If you don't work hard, you will go against his idea.

Mozi also opposed the melee that caused disaster to the people in order to seize cities and land. This time, when he heard that Chu was going to invade Song State with a ladder, he rushed to Chu State himself, causing blisters and blood on his feet, and tore off a piece of clothes to wrap his feet.

After running for ten days and nights, I arrived in Du Ying, the capital of Chu. He first went to see an open defeat and advised him not to help King Hui of Chu attack the State of Song.

He said like a loser, "No, I have promised the King of Chu."

Mozi asked to take him to see King Hui of Chu like a loser, and the loser agreed. Mozi sincerely said in front of King Hui of Chu: "The land of Chu is very large, and Fiona Fang is five thousand miles, with a vast territory and rich resources;" The land in the Song Dynasty was only 500 Li, and the land was not good and the products were not rich. The king has luxurious chariots and horses, why steal other people's broken cars? Why throw away your embroidered silk robe and steal an old shirt? "

Although King Hui of Chu thought Mozi had a point, he refused to give up his plan to attack the State of Song. Gong Bo also thinks it is very sure to attack the city with the ladder.

Mozi bluntly said, "You can attack, I can defend, and you can't take advantage."

He took off his belt, surrounded it underground as a city wall, and then used a few small boards as siege tools. He called it a losing game to exercise and compare his skills.

Like a public loss, Mozi attacked the city in one way, and Mozi defended the city in another. One attacked the city with a ladder and the other burned the ladder with a rocket; One hit the city gate and the other was hit by a rolling stone; One uses a tunnel, the other uses smoke.

Nine sets of attack methods were used in the defeat, and all the methods of siege were exhausted, but Mozi still had many ingenious methods of guarding the city.

Stunned, but still dissatisfied, he said, "I've figured out a way to deal with you, but I won't say it now."

Mozi smiled and said, "I know what you want to do with me, but I won't say anything."

King Hui of Chu listened to the conversation between the two men like riddles, puzzled, and asked Mozi, "What are you talking about?"

Mozi said: "The meaning of defeat is very clear, but they just want to kill me, thinking that if they kill me, there will be no one to help them defend the city in Song State. In fact, he made a mistake. Before I came to Chu, I had sent 300 disciples, including bird slippers, to guard Song Cheng, and each of them had learned my method of guarding the city. Even if you kill me, Chu can't take advantage. "

King Hui of Chu listened to Mozi and saw Mozi's ability to defend the city. Knowing that there was no hope of defeating Song, I had to say, "You are right, I decided not to attack Song."

In this way, a war was stopped by Mozi.

Cao Cao meets Ma Chao-cut his beard and abandon his robe.

Zhong You retreated to Tongguan and quickly sent a message to Cao Cao. Cao Cao was very anxious when he learned that Chang 'an had been lost. He called Cao Hong and said, "You two will lead 10,000 men to guard Tongguan instead of Zhong You. If Tongguan falls within 10 days, you will be executed according to military law; Exceeding 10 days has nothing to do with you two. I will command the army and then arrive. " The two of them were ordered to hurry in the starry night. Cao Ren reminded Cao Cao: "Cao Hong has a bad temper, and I am afraid of delaying major events." Cao Cao said, "You escort my food and grass, and then you will meet me."

When Cao Hong arrived in Tongguan, he said that he would not fight with Zhong You and stick to the pass. Ma Chao led the troops to pass and denounced Cao Cao's three generations. Cao Hong was furious and wanted to lead the troops to fight in Shimonoseki. Huang Xu stopped, saying, "This is Ma Chao leading his troops to fight. He can't go to war. When the Prime Minister's army arrives, there must be a way. " Ma Chao's army took turns cursing day and night. Cao Hong always goes to Shimonoseki to fight. Huang Xu earnestly advised him. On the ninth day, when we closed the door, the Xiliang army released its horse and sat on the grass sparsely; Many sleepy sergeants slept late on the ground. Seeing this, Cao Hong called his horse, led three thousand soldiers to kill Shimonoseki, and Xiliang soldiers abandoned their horses and fled. Cao Hong courageously pursued, very proud. At this time, Huang Xu is finishing his medical examination. He was surprised when he heard that Cao Hong was fighting in Shimonoseki. He quickly led the army and then came, calling Cao Hong to retreat. Suddenly a loud cry came from behind, and Ma Dai led the troops to kill him. Cao Hong and Huang Xu hurried back, only to hear the drums beating loudly. Behind the mountain, the two armies blocked the way, Ma Chao on the left and Pound on the right, killing each other for a while. Cao Hong couldn't resist, lost more than half of his troops, and then rushed out of the tight encirclement and rushed to Guan. West cool army followed, Cao Hong and others abandoned the pass and fled. Pound chased him to Tongguan, met Coss' military forces, and saved Cao Hong. Ma Chao helped Pound to Tongguan.

Cao Hong lost Tongguan and came to visit Cao Cao. Cao Cao said, "I will give you 10 days. Why did you fall to Tongguan on the 9 th? " Cao Hongdao: "Sergeant Xiliang, it's really unbearable to be insulted in all kinds of ways. Later, when I saw that the Xiliang army was slack, I took the opportunity to attack and didn't want to be cheated. " Cao Cao said, "Cao Hong is young and irritable. Huang Ying advised him that Huang Xu said, "I tried to persuade him many times, but he wouldn't listen. I was closing the city gate that day to check some food and grass. By the time I knew it, the little general had led the troops to Shimonoseki. I was afraid that he would be attacked by the enemy, so I rushed there. He had been cheated by thieves and soldiers. " Cao Cao was furious and ordered the killing of Cao Hong. The officials interceded for Cao Hong to avoid death.

Cao Cao led the army to Tongguan. Cao Ren said, "It's not too late to set up a stockade first and then collect it." Cao Cao ordered to cut down trees and erect a row of fences, which were divided into three villages: Zuo Cun Cao Ren, You Cun Xia and Zhong Cun Cao Cao. The next day, Cao Cao led Sanzhai to kill Tongguan and happened to meet military forces in Xiliang. Set the positions on both sides. Cao Cao stood under the banner of the city gate. Look at the soldiers in Xiliang. Everyone is brave and heroic. I saw the horse's face painted with powder and his lips painted red. The waist is thin and the arms are wide, and the sound is fierce; White robe and silver armor, pike in hand, war is about to start; Sterling comes first, and Ma Dai comes second. Cao Cao secretly marveled. He thought he was great and said to Ma Chao, "You are a descendant of a famous soldier in the Han Dynasty. Why did you betray the court? " Ma Chao gnashed his teeth and cursed, "cao thief! You bullied the emperor, you are guilty, you killed my father and brother, you are sworn enemies! I want to take you alive and eat your flesh! " Say that finish, shoot straight. Follow Cao Cao, and it is forbidden to go out to meet the enemy. The two horses fought for eight or nine rounds and were defeated by the ban. Zhang He went out to meet him, fought more than twenty times and lost. Li Tong rushed out and Ma Chao fought bravely. After several rounds, he shot thomas lee off the horse. Ma Chao drew his gun back, and the soldiers rushed to kill him together. Cao Jun was defeated. West cool soldiers are fierce, and Cao Jun can't resist them. Only Xi Liangbing shouted, "Cao Cao is wearing a red robe!" Cao Cao immediately took off his red robe. He shouted again: "It's Cao Cao with a beard!" "Cao Cao panicked and immediately cut off his beard with a sabre. Someone in the army told Ma Chao about Cao Cao's beard cutting. Ma Chao also shouted, "Cao Cao has a short beard!" "Cao Cao heard the shouts and immediately pulled up his skirts and wrapped his chin to escape. Later generations have a poem saying:

Tongguan was defeated and fled, and Meng De took off his robe in panic; You should be discouraged when cutting a moustache with a sword.

Cao Cao was walking when a soldier came behind him. Looking back, it was Ma Chao. Cao Cao was frightened. When the left and right distribution schools saw Ma Chao coming, they fled for their lives, leaving only Cao Cao. Ma Chao shouted sharply, "Cao Cao, you can't run away!" " Cao Cao was so scared that he threw away the whip. Watch and catch up. Ma Chao stabbed the gun from behind. Cao Cao walked around the tree and Ma Chao stabbed it with a gun. By the time it was pulled out, Cao Cao had escaped. Ma Chao urged the horse to catch up. A soldier came up from the hillside and shouted, "Don't hurt my master! Cao Hong is coming! " Swing the knife forward and stop Ma Chao. Cao Caocai escaped. Cao Hong and Ma Chao played forty or fifty rounds, and the art of using saber gradually became confused. At this time, Xia arrived with dozens of riders. Ma Chao was alone, afraid of being outnumbered, and was assassinated by them, so he brought the horse back.

Cao Cao returned to his village and sighed, "If I kill Cao Hong, I will definitely die at the hands of Ma Chao today!" He called Cao Hong and rewarded him. Clean up the defeated army, stick to the stockade and don't go to war.

Wu Zixu passed Zhaoguan.

In the hegemony of vassal States, big countries merged small countries and expanded their territory. However, the rulers of big countries had to enfeoffment the newly acquired land to the doctors who made contributions. The power of doctors has increased. They also often struggle with each other. The contradiction between great powers is sharp, and everyone wants to stop the war for hegemony for a while.

Therefore, the doctor went to Shu to mediate between Jin Chu.

In 546 BC, Chu Jin and several other countries held an "armistice meeting" in Song State. At this meeting, doctors from the State of Jin made peace with doctors from the State of Chu, and signed a covenant on behalf of the North-South Group. It is stipulated that all small countries except Chyi Chin should pay tribute to Jin and Chu. Chu Jin shared hegemony equally, and there was no major war for more than 50 years.

After Chu Zhuangwang's grandson King Chu Ping ascended the throne, Chu gradually declined. In 522 BC, King Chu Ping wanted to abolish the original Prince's Tower. At this time, Prince Jian and his teacher Wu She are guarding the city father in the town (in the west of Xiangcheng, Henan). King Chu Ping was afraid that Wu She wouldn't agree, so he called Wu She first, and lied that the prince was building an anti-war.

Wu She refused to admit anything and was immediately put in prison.

At the same time, King Chu Ping sent someone to kill Prince Jian. At the same time, he forced Wu She to write to his two sons, Wu Shang and Wu Zixu, asking them to come back and get rid of them together. Wu Shang, the eldest son, returned to Ying Du (now northwest of Jiangling, Hubei, Yingyin yǐng) and was killed by King Chu Ping together with his father Wu She. Prince Jian got wind in advance and fled to Song with his son, Gongzisheng.

Wu Zixu, another son of Wu, also escaped from Chu. He rushed to Song State and found Prince Jian. Unfortunately, there was civil strife in Song Dynasty, and Wu Zixu fled to Zheng with Prince Jian and his son Sheng, hoping to ask Zheng for help in revenge. However, Zheng He and Zheng Zheng disagreed.

Prince Jane was eager for revenge. He colluded with some ministers of Zheng, seized Zheng's power and killed him. Wu Zixu had to escape from Zheng with Gongzi Sheng and go to Wu (the capital is now Suzhou, Jiangsu).

King Chu Ping has ordered a reward for the capture of Wu Zixu, painted a portrait of Wu Zixu, hung it on the gate of Chu, and asked local officials to check it.

After Wu Zixu escaped from Zheng with his son, he hid during the day and traveled at night to Zhaoguan (in the north of hanshan county, Anhui Province) on the border with China. The officials who shut it down are very strict. Legend has it that Wu Zixu was so worried that he couldn't sleep for several nights that his hair turned white. Fortunately, they met a kind person, Dong Gaogong, who sympathized with Wu Zixu and took his home. Gao Dong has a friend who looks a bit like Wu Zixu. Gao Dong made him a Wu Zixu through tribute. The gatekeeper caught Wu Zixu in Wu Fake, and the real Wu Zixu got out of the customs because his hair was completely white and unrecognizable.

Wu Zixu walked out of Zhaoguan, fearing that there was a pursuer behind him, and hurried forward. There is a big river ahead blocking the way. Wu Zixu is in a hurry. An old man fishing on the river paddled the boat and took Wu Zixu across the river.

After crossing the river, Wu Zixu was so grateful that he took off his sword and gave it to the old fisherman, saying, "This sword was given to my grandfather by the King of Chu, and it is worth 120 gold. I'll give it to you now, at least as a token of my appreciation. "

The old fisherman said, "In order to hunt you down, the King of Chu offered a reward of 50,000 stones of grain and promised to make the informer a doctor.". I don't covet this reward and title. Do I want your sword? "

Wu Zixu hurriedly saluted the old fisherman, took the sword, bid farewell to the old fisherman and left.

When Wu Zixu arrived in Wu, the son of Wu only wanted to seize the throne. With the help of Wu Zixu, the son killed Wu Wangliao and became king on his own. This is the prince of Wu Hei.

After He Lv acceded to the throne, Wu Zixu was appointed as a doctor to help him deal with state affairs. Another general, Sun Wu, is a great strategist who is good at using troops. The prince of Wu relied on Wu Zixu and Sun Wu to rectify the military forces, and first annexed several small countries around him.

In 506 BC, He Lv, the king of Wu, took Sun Wu as the general and Wu Zixu as the lieutenant, and personally led an army to attack Chu. Lien Chan won in a row, beating Zhu Jun out of the water until he reached Du Ying.

At that time, King Chu Ping was dead, and his son, King Zhao of Chu, also escaped. Wu Zixu hated King Chuping, dug up his grave, dug up the body of King Chuping, and gave him a good beating.

Wu Jun occupied Ying capital. Shen, a native of Chu, fled to Qin for help. Qin Aihong did not agree to send troops. Shen lingered outside the palace of Qin, crying day and night for seven days and seven nights. Qin Aigong was finally moved and said, "Although Chu is cruel and heartless, how can you watch them perish with such good courtiers!"

Qin Aigong sent troops to save Chu, defeated Wu Jun, and He Lv, the prince of Wu, withdrew.

He Lv, the king of Wu, returned to the capital of Wu and made his first contribution to Sun Wu. Sun Wu refused to be an official and returned to his hometown to live in seclusion. Sun Tzu's Art of War is China's earliest excellent military work. (

Jin Wengong withdrew.

After Jin Wengong acceded to the throne, he reorganized his internal affairs, developed production, and made the state of Jin more and more powerful. He also wants to be the overlord of the Central Plains like Qi Huangong.

At this time, it happened that Xiang Wang, the son of Zhou Dynasty, sent someone for help. King Xiang of Zhou had a half-brother, Dai, who joined forces with some ministers to borrow soldiers from the state of Zhou and seize the throne. King Xiang of Zhou fled to Zheng with dozens of followers. He issued an order asking the governors of various countries to escort him back to Luoyi. Some governors of various countries sent people to mourn the Emperor of Heaven, and some sent food, but no one was willing to send troops to fight Tijen.

Someone said to King Xiang of Zhou: "Among the princes now, only Qin Jin has the power to repel, and the others may be useless." King Xiang sent an envoy to ask Jin Wengong to escort him back to North Korea.

Jin Wengong immediately sent troops eastward, defeated Tijen, killed Shu Tai and his gang, and escorted the Emperor back to Beijing.

Two years later, Song Chenggong, his son, came to ask for help, saying that Chu had sent a general to lead the military forces of Chu, Chen, Cai, Zheng and Xu to attack Song. Ministers all said, "Chu always bullies the princes of the Central Plains, and it is time for your master to help countries in trouble and establish a hegemony."

Jin Wengong knew long ago that if he wanted to be the overlord of the Central Plains, he had to defeat Chu. He expanded his team and formed three armies to save Song.

In 632 BC, the Jin army captured two small countries, Cao Guo and Guo Wei, and captured their monarchs.

King Chu Cheng didn't want to go to war with Jin Wengong. When he heard that Jin was going to send troops, he immediately sent someone to order Cheng to withdraw. However, Cheng thought it would be taken down sooner or later, and refused to give up halfway. He sent a Ministry to say to King Chu Cheng, "Although I dare not say that I will win the battle, I will fight to the death."

King Chu Cheng was very unhappy and only sent a small number of troops under the command of a minister.

Cheng first sent someone to inform the Jin, asking them to release Wang Wei and Cao Wang. Jin Wengong secretly informed the monarchs of these two countries that he promised to restore their throne, but asked them to break diplomatic relations with Chu first. Cao and Wei did as expected.

I wanted to save these two countries, but they broke up with Chu first. At this, his feet jumped with anger. He shouted, "This is obviously done by an old thief like Zhong Er." He immediately ordered the whole army to run to the place where the Jin army was stationed.

As soon as Chu Jun entered, Jin Wengong immediately ordered the retreat. Some soldiers in the Jin army can't leave it at that, saying, "Our commander-in-chief is the monarch and the other is the courtiers. How can a monarch make his courtiers reason? "

Hu Yan explained: "Fighting depends on one reason. Only with confidence can we be strong. At the beginning, the king of Chu once helped the tetrarch, and the tetrarch promised in front of the king of Chu that if the two countries went to war, Jin would rather stay away. Today's retreat is to fulfill this promise. If we lose confidence in Chu, then we are wrong. We have withdrawn our troops. If they don't stop and advance step by step, that is, they have lost their minds, and it is not too late for us to hit them again. "

Jin Jun retreated 90 miles in one breath and arrived in Chengpu (now southwest of Juancheng, Shandong Province) before stopping to arrange the battle.

Some generals in Chu saw the retreat of the Jin army and wanted to stop the attack. However, Cheng refused, and pursued Chengpu step by step, away from 8 Jin Army.

Cheng also sent someone to challenge, and the wording was very arrogant. Jin Wengong also sent a reply: "We never dared to forget your kindness, so we gave in here. Now you don't understand, you will have to compete on the battlefield. "

The war has begun. After only one battle, General Jin used two flags to command the troops to retreat. They are still dragging the cut branches behind the chariot. When the chariot retreats, waves of dust are raised underground, showing a very embarrassing appearance.

Cheng has always been arrogant and does not take Jin people seriously. He caught up with him regardless of the front and back, right in the middle of the ambush of 8 Jin Army. The elite of the Jin army rushed over and cut off Cheng's army. It turned out that the defeated Jin army turned around and attacked before and after, killing the Chu army to pieces.

Jin Wengong hurriedly ordered that the soldiers just drive Chu Jun away and stop chasing him. Cheng returned halfway with defeated troops and down archers, feeling unable to explain to King Chu Cheng, and committed suicide.

The Jin army occupied Chu camp. After eating the food abandoned by the Chu army for three days, he returned home in triumph.

The news that Jin defeated Chu spread to Luoyi, the capital of Zhou Dynasty, and King Xiang of Zhou and his ministers thought that they had made great contributions. King Xiang of Zhou also personally visited Jiantu (now southwest of Yuanyang, Jinan, Yin Jian) to express his condolences to the Jin army. Jin Wengong took this opportunity to build a new palace for the emperor in Jiantu, and invited governors from all over the world to meet and conclude a covenant. In this way, Jin Wengong became the overlord of the Central Plains.