Line, etc.
The earliest map that people can find now is the map of Babylon carved on pottery (as shown in figure 0 1-0 1). According to textual research, this is a map of Babylon and its surrounding environment more than 4500 years ago. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers originated in the northern mountainous areas and flowed to the swamps in the south, and Babylon was located between the two mountains.
The ancient map that has survived to this day is the map of Nipur Town, which was drawn in 1500 BC. It is stored in the mud excavated by the University of Pennsylvania at the end of Nipur Site (now Niffar, Iraq) 19 (as shown in Figure 0 1-02).
The center of the picture is the name of Nipur city marked in Sumerian, the Euphrates River in the southwest and the Nenbirdu Canal in the northwest. The canal in the city divides niebuhr into two parts, with walls on three sides, and the eastern part is unknown due to the defect of clay tablets.
The city walls are painted with gates and marked with names. Outside the city wall, there is a moat in the north and south to protect the city, and the Euphrates River is the barrier in the west.
There are temples and parks in the city, but there are no signs of residential areas.
The map scale is about1:1.2000.
There are also maps of gold mines drawn by ancient Egyptians on reeds from BC 1330 to BC 13 17.
Ptolemy of Greece (AD 90- 168) was the first person to draw a map with ordinary conic projection.
China's records and legends about maps can be traced back to 4000 years ago, and Zuo Zhuan recorded the Jiuding map of Xia Dynasty.
There are records of "River Map" and "Luoshu Map" in the ancient classic Book of Changes, which indicates the origin of China's books.
There are 17 records about maps in Zhou Li handed down from ancient times, and maps are related to 14 official positions in Zhou Guan, such as Four Books Annotated by Tiangong, Zhang Bang Zhong Edition and Land Map. "Stuart, the local official" is in charge of the map of the state land, and its number helps the king protect the state.
Based on the map of the world, we can know the region of Kyushu and the number of wide wheels, distinguish the name of its mountains, rivers and hills from its original name, and at the same time distinguish the contemptible number of its country, so as to seal it for the boundary and establish its country. And the owner of the tree "local official Si Tuleideng Si Tuleideng Jr." and "where people sue officials, land is not as good as power, and land litigation is to correct it"; Situ Tuxun Local Officials and Mastering Maps to Inform Local Affairs Guan Chun Zongbo Zuren and Xia Guan Sima Sixian take the map of Kyushu to know the obstacles of its mountains and rivers and reach its way. Xia Guan Sima Zhi Fang's family ""holds the map of the world, holds the land of the world, and distinguishes its country from China's map.
This data comes from Baidu map, and the final result is subject to Baidu map data.
, four barbarians and eight barbarians, seven Fu Jian eight raccoons, five Rong six Miao people, their wealth, the number of nine valleys and six livestock should be ".
1June, 954, archaeologists in China unearthed the bronze ware "Houyi Ya?" Early Zhou Dynasty in Yandun, Dantu County, Jiangsu Province. There are two inscriptions engraved with the word 120 at the bottom, namely, "the map of the king of Wu, the map of becoming a king" and "the map of the east".
This article records that Zhou Kangwang arrived at Yidi on the basis of these two maps, and held a ceremony to seal Hou.
He said: "Only in April in Ding Wei, King Wu Wang went to the province and became a king to cut commercial maps, so he went to the east of the provincial or (national) map.
Wang Li (location) is in Iraq, in Inner Mongolia, and in Nanxiang (direction).
Qi Weiwang ordered Hou Yu to say,' It's time to wait for Yu Yi.
According to textual research, the picture was made in BC 1027 or later.
These records show that many kinds of maps, such as land maps, military maps and administrative maps, appeared in the Western Zhou Dynasty in China, and were applied in many aspects such as war, administration, transportation, taxation and engineering.
Obviously, these maps have been separated from the original map stage and have an exact scientific overview.
Unfortunately, our country has not seen these maps yet, and it needs underground archaeology to find them.
Pei Xiu (AD 223-27 1) of the Western Jin Dynasty in China compiled the Map of Gong Yu Region and the Topographic Abbot Map, and summed up "six cartographic styles".
Tang Jiadan (729-805 AD) used Zhu Mo to represent ancient and modern place names, and the maps of China people and foreigners in the sea have been circulated for 500 years.
Shen Kuo (A.D. 103 1- 1095) compiled twenty maps of counties and counties in the world, which was the best national map at that time.
In the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Siben (A.D. 1273- 1333) drew two volumes of national maps, The Map, each 7 feet long.