Unit 1 The invasion of the great powers and the struggle of the people of China
I. Opium War: June1840-August 1842
Opium smuggling in Britain: the closed-door policy and the self-sufficient economic form of resisting dumping of British industrial products
1, the harm of Lin Zexu's prohibition of opium: Serenade, which can defend against the enemy, has no silver to pay.
Anti-smoking measures: let foreign businessmen hand over opium; Legal trade is not prohibited; June Humen destroyed opium 1839.
Excuse: Smoking is forbidden in China.
Reason: Open the door of China and turn China into the raw material producing area and commodity market of Britain.
2. The Opium War began:1June, 840, invading Guangdong, China.
Results: China was defeated and signed treaty of nanking.
Content: Open Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai as trading ports; China compensation 2 1 ten thousand silver dollars; Cut Hong Kong Island to Britain; The tariffs paid by British businessmen on import and export goods must be agreed by both China and Britain.
Impact: This is the first unequal treaty in modern China. China's national sovereignty and territorial integrity have been destroyed, and it has lost its independent status. Ancient China began to get involved in the whirlpool of world capitalism.
Wei Yuan was an outstanding representative of modern China who opened his eyes to the world.
4. Wei Yuan and Guo Hai's Illustration advocated "learning from foreigners to control foreigners".
Function: A challenge to the traditional closed-door concept.
The Second Opium War: 1856 65438+ 10-1860165438+10.
Reason: Britain was not satisfied with its immediate interests, but expanded its aggressive interests and further opened the China market.
Invaders of the Second Opium War: Britain and France
1, Crime of aggression by foreign powers: burning gardens.
1858 Aihui Treaty: over 600,000.
The territory occupied by Russia: 1860 Beijing Treaty: more than 400,000.
1864 Fenfen West Northern Boundary Agreement: over 440,000.
188 1, Sino-Russian revised treaty, etc. : More than 70,000.
Established: 185 1 Hongxiuquan Uprising in Jintian Village, Guiping, Guangxi,
Taiping Army (Taiping Heavenly Kingdom) made Tianjing its capital in 1853, and confronted the Qing Dynasty.
2. Struggle: Defeat the foreign gun team: Qingpu, Shanghai
Shanghai Taicang
Cixi, Zhejiang (Huaer)
Xinjiang crisis:
Left to recover Xinjiang
Recover Xinjiang
Three. The Sino-Japanese War (1894 July-1895)
1, situation
2. treaty of shimonoseki
Four. Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China: 1900.
1, situation
2. Xin Chou Treaty
Unit 2 The Difficult Course of Modernization
First, the rise of modernization.
1, Westernization Movement
2、
3. Patriotic intellectuals
Two. Reform Movement:1895 ——1898 (bourgeois intellectual reform movement)
1, the rise and development of reform.
Three. the Revolution of 1911
1, Sun Yat-sen
2. Wuchang Uprising:19110 June10, a revolutionary in the new army.
3. The establishment of the Republic of China:
Iv. New Culture Movement: 19 15- 1920
1, basic situation
Verb (abbreviation of verb) cultural education and social life
1, culture and education
Unit 3 The Rise of the New Democratic Revolution
First of all, a great start.
1, May 4th Movement
2. The birth of the Communist Party of China (CPC).
Second, the torrent of the national revolution.
1, Huangpu Military Academy
2. Northern Expedition War
3. The establishment of Nanjing National Government
Third, a single spark can start a prairie fire.
1, Nanchang Uprising
2. Jinggangshan, the cradle of revolution
3. Long March
The Great War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression (1937- 1945)
First, the beginning of the local war of resistance.
Second, the beginning of an all-out war of resistance.
1, the symbol of the beginning of the all-round anti-Japanese war: 1937 July 7, Japan launched the Lugouqiao Incident (July 7 Incident).
2. Always remember-Nanjing Massacre:1937 65438+In February, the Japanese army slaughtered more than 300,000 soldiers and civilians in China in six weeks.
Third, the performance of the national war of resistance.
1, Kuomintang-Taierzhuang Battle: 1938 Xuzhou Battle, a major victory of Li Zongren since the Anti-Japanese War.
2.* * *- Hundred Regiments Battle: North China 1940 Peng's biggest battle.
3. People with lofty ideals:
Fourth, the victory of the Anti-Japanese War
1, Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC)
2、
Unit 5 War of Liberation
First, the outbreak of all-out civil war
1, Chongqing negotiation
2. The outbreak of all-out civil war.
Second, move towards a strategic offensive.
1, smash the key attack in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia liberated area
2, the beginning of the strategic counterattack
Third, the collapse of the Kuomintang regime.
1, Armageddon (three major battles):
Activity name
Content Liaoshen Campaign Huaihai Campaign Pingjin Campaign
Time 65438+September 0948-165438+1October 1948 65438+1October-1949 65438+1October/October.
Commander Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, Liu Bocheng, Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yi.
Su Yu, Tan Zhenlin, Lin Biao, Nie, Luo Ronghuan.
Combat troops Northeast People's Liberation Army Central Plains, East China People's Liberation Army Northeast, North China People's Liberation Army
Combat tactics close the door and hit the dog in the middle. Hit both ends first, then hit the middle.
Key location Jinzhou Xuzhou Beiping
The famous battles took place in Tashan, Nianzhuang, Shuangduiji, Chenguanzhuang, Zhangjiakou and Tianjin.
Victory liberated the northeast; For the first time, the area north of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was liberated on a large scale, which laid the foundation for crossing the river to liberate North China.
2. Battle of crossing the river