Jishixia flood occurred in BC 1920. This is basically confirmed. Yao Shunyu escaped the flood. It seems that it only brought difficulties and did not cause a devastating blow. So China culture must be near Mount Tai. From east to west.
Sima Qian wrote Historical Records in the Western Han Dynasty on the premise of the replacement of dynasties. Never say it out of thin air. The historical records of Shang Dynasty were later confirmed by the excavation of Yin Shang ruins and the inscriptions on Shi San bronzes in the Western Zhou Dynasty! West doesn't admit that we have the Xia Dynasty, so don't we admit it ourselves? What's the point of fighting?
For a long time in the early days of the People's Republic of China, the West refused to recognize socialist China, with different ideologies. The West holds a negative attitude towards China. Xia dynasty village does not exist, so we can't doubt the historical records. If we think that the evidence to prove the Xia Dynasty is insufficient, it can only show that our work is not in place, and we should further strengthen archaeological excavation and demonstration. I believe that the day to prove the real existence of Xia Dynasty will not be too far away!
Culture and civilization are not the same concept. If the Xia Dynasty existed, it would rise to the height of civilization. Don't question what others say. In a country ruled by law, to talk about material evidence, account records cannot be used as direct evidence. How many years ago was the famous Ming history? According to records, Zhang killed 600 million people. Why doesn't anyone believe it? In all fairness, no one denies the Xia Dynasty, but we should not draw a conclusion without material evidence!
I think Xia Dynasty, including Yu Dynasty, existed, but not necessarily in today's China. The Central Plains civilization is also a foreign civilization, and the only thing that moved in was to pass on the existence of the Xia Dynasty by word of mouth with the memory of the previous generation. West of Kunlun, even in Egypt. So there is no site of Xia Dynasty in China. There is no denying that the ancient civilization of China is foreign, but it has hurt a lot of blx.
I think the Xia Dynasty existed. Because in ancient China, writing has not yet appeared. History is passed down by word of mouth, and the Xia Dynasty was not invented by one person out of thin air, so many historical celebrities have mentioned the historical stories of the Xia Dynasty.
Before the Xia Dynasty, the Book of Rites contained: At the end of March, choose a day to have a haircut ... your right hand, which was named after a cough. ? It shows that naming newborns and holding a centenary celebration ceremony have a long history. Only elders can formally name their children. The first name was used by my parents when I was a child, so it is generally called nickname, milk name and milk name. Names don't have to be taboo, such as the black buttock of Jin Chenggong, the black arm of Lv Chenggong, and the spring and autumn white of Qi Huangong ... Today, people still have common names such as old turtle and old dog. Words? Word taking is said to have begun in Shang Dynasty, such as overthrowing Shang Tang, formerly known as Lu, also known as Tianyi, and word soup.
As an adult, extensive contacts or prominent positions require dignity, and it is not appropriate to continue to use the name at birth, especially after the appearance of words, to set up another school and take another "scientific name", usually called "name". The choice of words is elegant and meaningful. After the Ming Dynasty, Kong's throne attracted more and more attention from the society. Some people are not satisfied with the original word and change it into another word, so there is a saying that there is a name, another name and the previous name. ? So there is a difference between the application of names and words. The ancients often claimed their own names to show modesty, and put people's words or surnames together as honorifics. In daily communication, substituting words for names is called taboo. You can call your elders by their first names, otherwise it is disrespectful to people. In modern times, names and characters are often common and difficult to distinguish. Before the Xia Dynasty, people in China had names. How could there be no Xia Dynasty?
Everyone should return to rationality, and doubt any lack of evidence, otherwise the truth will be buried. Those who are suspected by others will label others as unpatriotic and disrespectful to their ancestors, and they are truly insecure and humiliate their ancestors. We should be realistic about history and compare China's human history to a person, so we should be a person who "wakes me up three times a day".
There was a summer calendar in the Xia dynasty, which may be called the summer calendar for a long time. With the study of winter solstice and other solar terms, it may be impossible to elaborate for some time. Let's take it literally first. After the Xia calendar came out, the dynasty of this period was the time when Prince Dayu was established or the Xia Dynasty was established, so people used Xia instead.
What would this history be like without the Xia Dynasty? The history of China was recorded a long time ago. Although there were few relics, the writing at that time was underdeveloped, mainly relying on oral communication. At that time, people didn't fake it. Xia Dynasty is the honorific title of later historians for that historical period. At that time, people did not have the feelings of a dynasty.
The Xia Dynasty certainly existed, but the problem was that there was not much evidence. Another is how big the notification area is, which may not reach the control scope of the later Shang and Zhou Dynasties. However, the central rulers of each dynasty will consider that the previous dynasty they inherited was orthodox, and their political power was justified by the central orthodoxy. So, maybe the Xia Dynasty was just a local regime. The ruling area is not wide, and the traces left behind have long been covered up and difficult to find, but later generations still call it orthodoxy.
Before the discovery of Yin Ruins, the existence of Shang Dynasty was also questioned. Facts have proved that Yin Benji is not only a legend, but also quite accurate. In this case, it is a bit of a rogue to categorically deny the authenticity of the Xia Dynasty. There is no cultural tradition of historians in the west, and they don't understand the special significance of literature to China people. People who study history are not motivated by hobbies or interests, but by a unique sense of mission. China, a nation that attaches great importance to compiling history, is also unique in the world. Many Asian neighbors are looking for China's history books to supplement their own history. At this time, China literature became credible again?
There are only a few things about the historical study of "Xia". First, it is based on "textual research". Because there is "Xia" in ancient books, it must be proved. The other is logic. The current thinking is that in order to ensure the antiquity and continuity of Chinese civilization, the "Xia Dynasty" must exist, otherwise, that era will not exist. As we all know, whether there was a Xia Dynasty or not, that period of history existed objectively, and whether Erlitou was a Xia capital or not, it was an objective existence of the history of civilization. Many people are entangled in the existence of the "Xia Dynasty", but the ancient civilization displayed in Liangzhu site is more advanced than Erlitou, but no one is entangled in which dynasty. This can be attributed to the miracle of China's ancient historiography.
There is almost no historical record before Athens in the west. Almost all of them are myths. Why are you so harsh on China's historical documents? Europeans only think of themselves. It's a pity that some people's servility does not change. I'd rather trust the west than my own record! In the case that the history of Shang Dynasty has been confirmed by the discovery of historical sites, why not believe in Xia Dynasty in historical records?
Say a thousand sentences and ten thousand sentences, but there is still no strong evidence. First, there are only records of later generations, and there are no contemporary characters and any written records of the Xia Dynasty; Second, no ruins of the capital of Xia Dynasty have been found. Therefore, there is still no evidence of the existence of the Xia Dynasty. Even if it exists, it does not rule out that it is a big tribe or tribal alliance without words and cannot be called a country. Cultural relics can not all be determined as products of civilization, but only as products of culture. It was always like this in prehistoric times.
It can be said that Erlitou has cultural relics 3,700 years ago, and the existence of the city and the city cannot prove that it is a Xia Dynasty country. The country has relevant standards and correct definitions-writing, army, currency, commodity trade, bureaucracy, prison and so on. The history of China can be accurately described as the beginning of Anyang's development, Pan Geng of Shang Dynasty moved his tribe to Yin, and the beginning of China's formation. Archaeological discovery of Yin Ruins in Anyang, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronzes, currency. Trade goods, there are many items, such as Hetian jade in Xinjiang, China No.1 prison and Qilicheng.
There are three historical documents in China's literature: dynastic history compiled by historians, local chronicles and genealogy. Modern ordinary people in China can also identify the literature and history materials unearthed by China ancestors in Qin and Han Dynasties relatively easily. This stems from the structural characteristics of Chinese characters in China (pictographic, phonological and easy to understand), while western languages are pinyin characters, and few ordinary people can easily interpret the documents for more than 300 years! In addition, China has a tradition of compiling history, which westerners lack. Third, Chinese civilization has been passed down for thousands of years, but it has been passed down continuously. Western civilization and several ancient civilizations have been lost in time, and only modern civilization has been observed since the Middle Ages. Therefore, China can pay equal attention to literature and archaeology in the study of history, while westerners rely too much on archaeology. American civilization and Indian civilization were annihilated by white Europeans. Today's United States is mainly a colonial history of nearly 500 years and a modern history of 100 years. 1600~ 1900, tens of millions of Indians were slaughtered!
Taosi is in the east of Xiangfen County, north of Ta 'er Mountain, and Jin is in Yicheng and Quwo, south of Ta 'er Mountain. The southern end of Taer Mountain is the plain at the junction of three counties. At the latest, the Tang land where Yao descendants of Shang Dynasty lived was later replaced by Jin. It can be seen that Tao Temple is the homonym of Tao, and the north and south of Ta 'er Mountain are collectively called the land of Tao. In the early summer, if we continued to use the Taosi Temple, the clans concentrated in the Tang area south of Ta 'er Mountain until it was replaced by Jin in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. Archaeological findings show that Jin people's sacrifices are different from other princes, but they use cows, horses and pigs, which may also be one of the practices of "opening the Xia Dynasty". Therefore, if cattle, horses and sheep are also used in the ruins in summer, they may belong to the areas where Xia people live. Welcome everyone to have a chance to go to the lower reaches of Fenshui and have a field trip.
In the early Xia Dynasty, Anyi (Xu Xia, named after Xia Ze) was located near Xia County in southern Shaanxi. Because Yu is called here, Yu calls himself. Later, he moved his capital to Qixian County, Henan Province (near Kaifeng (probably a fief), and Shang Tang was a descendant of Dayu here, so his surname Yu was named after Qixian County. Later, Yu's grandson, Taikang, moved to Zhuan Xu, Weifang, Shandong Province (please refer to Qiu Lai Ming, which was written by the Xia Dynasty, proving that the Xia Dynasty spent most of its time in Shandong, that is, Yue culture). Erlitou site is located in the northwest of Di Ku and Shang Tang, and it is the birthplace of Wangyoufang culture.
It is difficult to determine who this culture belongs to, because the ancient land changed with the war. If we look at the great poet Li Bai according to the present Chinese territory, we can't say that he is a great poet in China. For another example, India today is definitely different from ancient India. People have always believed that Buddhism originated in India today. In fact, Buddhism originated in Nepal, and now Indians believe in Hinduism!
National self-confidence has nothing to do with the non-existence of Xia Dynasty and Yu Dynasty! Archaeology itself is a science. There is no definite evidence, it can only be possible or impossible! There are accepted standards for the definition of civilization. Can you define yourself for the so-called confidence? This is an international joke! How can we talk about civilization without looking for words and bronzes? Some people are always obsessed with the sadness of western conspiracy theories, and always say that other civilizations are false without foundation, which is actually a sign of unconfidence!