1. Horizontal connection refers to the economic connection between regions, departments, cities, industries and economic units of the national economy. Its outstanding feature is that it is not limited by regions, departments and ownership, based on the voluntariness and equality of all parties, and follows the principle of economic rationality and equal exchange.

2. Vertical connection refers to the economic connection from the national senior economic management organization to the grass-roots enterprises. In our country, it shows the connection among the central government, provinces (cities, autonomous regions), prefectures, counties and grass-roots economic units. This connection is also highlighted in the relationship between the central and local governments, and between the state and enterprises.

Extended data:

The content of horizontal contact includes general purchase and sale relationship, cooperative relationship, general contract agreement relationship, various horizontal economic, technical and information contacts independent of contract agreement, and various forms of horizontal economic union. Among them, horizontal economic union is a kind of horizontal connection with relatively high compactness and stability.

In socialist countries, the relationship between the central and local governments (vertical connection) is consistent in fundamental interests, but there are also contradictions between centralization and decentralization. The requirement to deal with this contradiction is to give local authorities certain authority, support and encourage regions to play their advantages according to local conditions and make greater contributions to the country on the premise of adhering to the unified leadership of the central government and unified planning of the whole country.

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