1. List three main representatives of ancient humans or ancient human sites in China, and tell their respective survival years and sites.

Yuanmou Man (Site): Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province, about 6,543,800 years ago.

Peking man (site): It's in Zhoukoudian Cave in southwest Beijing, about 700,000 to 200,000 years ago.

Neanderthal (site): About 30,000 years ago, in the cave at the top of Zhoukoudian Mountain in southwest Beijing.

2. List three cases of forged stone tools (paleolithic tools) used by ancient humans in China.

Yuanmou people, Beijingers, cavemen.

3. Give two examples of ancient humans living in groups.

Yuanmou people, Beijingers.

4. List two cases of representatives of primitive residents in China during the farming period, and tell their respective survival years and sites.

Hemudu aborigines: Hemudu village in Yuyao, Zhejiang province about 7000 years ago.

Banpo aborigines: banpo village, Xi 'an, Shaanxi, about five or six thousand years ago.

5. List four cases of original residents' representatives in China clan commune period.

Cavemen, Hemudu aborigines, Banpo aborigines, Dawenkou aborigines.

6. List two cases of ancient humans or primitive residents in the Yangtze River valley of China.

Yuanmou people, Hemudu indigenous residents.

7. List three cases of ancient humans or primitive inhabitants in the Yellow River Basin of China.

Beijingers, cavemen, Banpo aborigines.

8. List two representative cases of China's primitive inhabitants using grinded stone tools (Neolithic tools).

Hemudu aborigines and Banpo aborigines.

9. List several worldwide contributions of China's primitive farming era. (3 cases)

China is the first country in the world to grow rice;

China is the first country to grow millet in the world.

China is the country that planted vegetables earlier in the world.

10. List the leaders of five tribal alliances in the Yellow River Basin of China.

Huangdi, Yao, Shun and Yu.

1 1. List the contribution of the Yellow Emperor to Chinese civilization.

Huangdi built palaces, made clothes, taught people to dig wells and invented boats and cars, which laid a foundation for future generations. His wife Lei Zu invented sericulture and silk reeling, his subordinate Cang Xie invented writing, and Ling Lun compiled music scores.

12. Write down ancient humans or primitive residents according to the relevant tips.

(1) The earliest known human in China;

(2) Some features of apes are still preserved, but the division of labor between hands and feet is obvious:

(3) Mastering polishing and drilling technology can make bone needles and decorations;

(4) growing rice and living in a dry fence house;

(5) grow millet and live in a semi-crypt;

(Yuanmou people, Beijingers, cavemen, Hemudu indigenous residents, Banpo indigenous residents. )

13. Write the relevant historical figures according to the prompts.

(1) the origin of China people:

(2) Xuanyuan, revered as the ancestor of China or "the ancestor of mankind";

(3) Building palaces, making clothes, teaching people to dig wells and inventing boats and cars;

(4) the invention of reeling technology:

(5) compiling music score:

(6) Invented words:

(7) scrimp and save, you loved the people;

(8) Be generous and set an example:

(9) Flood control and fighting, sharing weal and woe with the masses:

(10) abdication system:

(1 1) Establishing the Xia Dynasty:

(12) The first king who was transformed from a tribal alliance leader into a slave country;

(Yan Di, Huangdi; Huangdi; Huangdi; Rezu; Ling LUN; Cang Xie; Yao; Shun; Yu; Yao, Shun and Yu; Yu; Yu)

Second, comprehensive inquiry questions

1. What progress has the life of cavemen made compared with that of Beijingers?

(1) Physical characteristics: Beijingers still retain some characteristics of ape-man, and the appearance of cavemen is basically the same as that of modern people.

(2) Making tools: Beijingers use hammers to hit stone tools, while cavemen have mastered grinding and drilling techniques.

(3) Production and life: Beijingers are engaged in hunting and gathering, using natural fire; Neanderthals can also fish, make fires, sew clothes, make decorations and know how to love beauty.

(4) Social organization: Beijing people live together, and cavemen are combined into clans by blood relationship.

2. What's the use of fire? What is the historical significance of the use of fire?

Uses: it can barbecue food, drive away wild animals, illuminate and prevent cold.

Significance: The use of fire has enhanced people's ability to adapt to nature, which is a great progress in the process of human evolution.

Please imagine a day's life in Beijing. Write a short article according to your own imagination. Requirements, reasonable imagination, fluent language, not less than 200 words.

A day in Beijing

One day about 700,000 years ago, when dawn came to the cave of Longgu Mountain in Zhoukoudian, southwest of Beijing, our ancestors Beijingers began a day's life. A dozen strong men set off with rough stone tools, sticks and torches. They are going to hunt in the forest. Some women began to collect some wild fruits not far from caves and dig out the roots of some plants with stone tools. Some old people and young people stayed in the cave, and they were responsible for looking after the fire. To prevent the fire from going out. In the afternoon, the working people returned to the cave one after another. People began to sit around the fire and barbecue their prey. The old man divided the food equally among everyone. As night fell, Beijingers lit a fire at the entrance of the mountain to prevent wild animals from attacking, and people fell asleep after a hard day.

If a Beijinger meets a caveman, what will they say? Please describe a dialogue between Beijingers and cavemen according to your historical knowledge. The dialogue should reflect their physical characteristics and production and living conditions.

Beijingers: Hello. How come I haven't seen you? Where do you live?

Neanderthal: I live at the top of Gulong Mountain. We are very close. We are neighbors. Huh? Why do you look different from us? Wow! Not dressed yet? What a pity

Beijingers: Yes, our appearance still retains some features of apes. We can't sew clothes. What do you sew clothes with? Could you please tell us something about your life?

Neanderthal: Yes, we sewed hides into clothes with bone needles. Look at the decorations hanging around our necks. They are made by grinding and drilling shells or pebbles we picked up. Isn't it beautiful? We are blood relatives who live together. We can make a fire and fish. We can go far away. I have seen the sea.

Beijingers: Wow, I envy you. We are far behind you. Now dozens of people live together, but they are not necessarily related by blood. Only rough stone tools can be made. The most important thing is that we can't make a fire artificially, so we should always be careful to keep the fire of nature. If the fire goes out by accident, it will be miserable. We dare not go far, let alone see the sea. Friends, now let's learn from you.

Caveman: OK, welcome to learn.

5. What progress have the original inhabitants of Hemudu made in production and life compared with Beijingers and cavemen?

The original inhabitants of Hemudu used grinding stone tools, cultivated land and planted rice. They live in a fenced house and live a stable life. They dug wells to make drinking water more convenient, raised livestock, made pottery, made simple jade articles and primitive musical instruments.

6. Similarities and differences between Hemudu and Banpo aborigines.

Similarities: (1) all started their primitive farming life;

(2) Abrasive tools are used, mainly thunder plough;

(3) Agriculture, animal husbandry and handicrafts have emerged;

(4) Everyone has built a house and lived a stable life.

Difference: (1) The age and place of residence are different: Hemudu was located in the Yangtze River basin about 7000 years ago, and the original inhabitants of Banpo were located in the Yellow River basin about 5000 to 6000 years ago.

(2) Planting different food crops: The original inhabitants of Hemudu planted rice; The original inhabitants of Banpo planted millet.

(3) The house structure is different: Hemudu lives in a dry fence house; The original inhabitants of Banpo lived in houses in the semi-basement.

7. We have learned something about ancient humans and primitive inhabitants in China. If one day you visit these sites of ancient humans or primitive inhabitants, can you introduce what you know to tourists and act as a small tour guide? Please choose an ancient human or a primitive resident to try to write a tour guide.

For example, to participate in Banpo primitive site.

Hello, tourists:

Let me tell you about the life of Banpo aborigines. The original inhabitants of Banpo lived five or six thousand years ago. Named after the site is located in banpo village, Xi City, Shaanxi Province. Let's first learn about the production tools of Banpo's original residents. These tools are polished stone tools and wooden barriers used to reclaim land. This is a stone knife, which is used to harvest crops. These are bone arrows, harpoons and hooks unearthed here, which Banpo people use for hunting and fishing. Look at this side, this is the grain unearthed from Banpo, which means that the main crop they planted is millet. This is the seed of Chinese cabbage and mustard, indicating that they have been able to grow these vegetables. Finally, let's take part in the development of Banpo handicraft industry, which is a fish-faced basin, which fully shows the superb technology of Banpo painted pottery. It is engraved with patterns of faces and fish lines, and there are some carved symbols on the edge of the basin. Some scholars believe that these symbols may be the embryonic form of early writing. This is an unearthed spinning wheel, which shows that Banpo people can already spin, weave and make clothes. Through these cultural relics, the original life scenes of Banpo people are fully displayed. Well, that's all for my introduction. Thank you!

8. Assuming that the indigenous residents of Hemudu and Banpo can exchange visits after the autumn harvest, can you use the materials provided by the textbook to design a one-day reception schedule for them, including a recipe with two meals and one-day activities?

9. Why do people in China today call themselves "descendants of the Chinese people"?

About four or five thousand years ago, many tribes lived in our country. Yan Di and Huangdi are the leaders of two tribes. They United and defeated the powerful Chiyou tribe in the east, forming an alliance. After a long period of development, it has formed the future Chinese nation, that is, the predecessor of the Han nationality and the backbone of the Chinese nation. The Yellow Emperor is recognized as the ancestor of the Chinese nation. At the same time, there were many inventions during the Yellow Emperor period, which laid the foundation of Chinese civilization and had a great influence on the development of later generations. We are proud of this. In order to show respect for our ancestors, we all call ourselves "descendants of the Yellow Emperor".

10. What is the abdication system? When did this system appear, and which tribal alliance leaders participated? What are the noble qualities of these tribal alliance leaders? How do you evaluate this system? What qualities do you think leaders should possess?

The abdication system is a system of democratic election of tribal alliance leaders in the late primitive society in China.

When Yao was old, he sought the opinions of tribal leaders and chose Shun as his successor. When Shun was old, he took the same approach and gave his position to Yu, who had made contributions to water control.

Yao lived a simple life, while Akma loved the people. Be generous to others and set an example; Yu led the people in fighting floods and shared weal and woe with the masses.

I think abdication system is a very democratic system, through which some talented people become leaders of tribal alliances. Conducive to social progress.

I think leaders should have noble qualities, be generous to others, set an example and share joys and sorrows with the masses.

Three. Material analysis problem

1. Reading materials:

Material 1: In ancient times, there were fewer people and more animals, and the people were invincible.

-"Everything is ready"

Material 2: A large number of charcoal and several large ash piles, as well as stones, animal bones and trees burned in the fire, were found in the site of Peking Man.

Material 3: In ancient times, ... there were many diseases among people. There are saints who drill fire to stink, and the people say that the country is king, and the name is Suiren.

Please answer: (1) When is the situation described by material 1? What kind of life must people live in this sinister environment?

(2) What does Material 2 prove? What is the historical significance of the facts it proves?

(3) What major changes did Material 3 reflect in people's lives in primitive society? Who started this phenomenon?

A: (1) depicts primitive society. People must live in groups.

(2) It proves that Beijingers can already use natural fire, and the use of fire has enhanced people's ability to adapt to nature, which is a great progress in the process of human evolution.

(3) It reflects that people in primitive society have been able to make artificial fires, and the caves are crowded with people.

2. Reading materials:

Material 1: People in ancient times all ate animals and animals. As for Shennong, there are many people and few animals. Therefore, due to the good weather, Shennong benefited from the land and cultivated for the people.

-Biography of the White Tiger

Material 2: Ancient people lived in caves and in the wild, and later saints easily used palaces to build buildings and buildings to wait for the wind and rain.

-Zhouyi

Please answer: (1) Material 1 Why does Zhong Shennong "teach people to farm"? How does Shennong deal with the relationship between man and nature?

(2) What historical phenomenon does the material 1 reflect? According to what you have learned, please list two representatives of indigenous residents in this period.

(3) Material 2 shows how human habitation has changed. Please give an example.

A: (1) There are many people and few animals. It shows that he can use nature scientifically and reasonably according to local conditions. (2) China's primitive agricultural production appeared. The original inhabitants of Hemudu and Banpo. (3) Humans have moved from living in wild caves to building houses. Banpo people's semi-cellar room and Hemudu aborigines' dry fence room.

3. Material: "Painted pottery is exquisite, with many beads painted. Either a face or a Pisces. Since agriculture became popular, people have lived in groups. The moat extends two feet and is about the same width. There is no separate document at the Henai site. "

—— Guo Moruo

Please answer:

(1) According to the content of this poem in the material, please guess which primitive resident's life this is about?

(2) Can you name a painted pottery cultural relic that "presents a face or a Pisces"?

(3) What crops were planted by the original inhabitants of "land to the tiller" described in the poem?

(4) In recent years, some scholars have new ideas about "writing alone" mentioned in poetry. Can you tell me what this is?

Answer: (1) Banpo indigenous inhabitants. (2) Banpo Mermaid Basin. (3) Xiaomi. (4) There are some symbols depicted in painted pottery, which some scholars think may be the embryonic form of early characters.

4. Reading materials:

Material 1: "Smart and wise, bright and far away, build this great cause and stand tall in the East."

Material 2: People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded five thousand years ago, and Xuanyuan in China has been circulated since ancient times. Create a compass to calm the chaos of Chiyou. World civilization, only me first.

Please answer:

(1) Material 1 Who was the eulogy written to praise?

(2) According to the knowledge you have now, please point out what "building this great cause" means.

(3) Who is the second material taken from? Who is "Shenzhou Xuanyuan"? Why was he awarded the honor?

(4) What is the event related to "building a compass to pacify the Chiyou rebellion" in Material 2?

(5) What feelings do these two materials reflect for this character?

A: (1) Huangdi (2) defeated Chiyou together with Yan Di, and after a long period of development, it formed the Huaxia nationality in the future; Huangdi built palaces, made clothes, taught people to dig wells and invented boats and cars, which laid a foundation for future generations. His wife Lei Zu invented sericulture and silk reeling, his subordinate Cang Xie invented writing, and Ling Lun compiled music scores. These inventions have brought mankind into a civilized era. ③ Sun Yat-sen and Huangdi. The ancestor of mankind. (4) Battle of Zhuolu. (5) show reverence for the Yellow Emperor.

5. Reading materials

Material 1: "The trip to the Avenue is also a trip to the world, and the world is for the public. We should select talents and cultivate faith. Old friends are relatives, sons and sons, so that the old have an end, the young have a use, the young have a strong point, and those who are embarrassed, widowed, lonely, alone and disabled have a support. "

-Excerpt from The Book of Rites

Material 2: today's avenue is hidden, the world is home, each family is close, each son is a son, and the goods are for himself; My Lord, it's polite.

Please answer:

(1) What period is the material I'm talking about?

(2) What does it mean to "serve the public and select talents and abilities"?

(3) Who started the situation of "the world is home" in Material 2? When "the public is the world" becomes "the home is the world", what system replaced what system?

A: (1) The situation of primitive society. (2) It means that the world belongs to everyone, and talented sages are chosen to be the leaders of tribal alliances. ③ To replace abdication with hereditary system.

4. Look at the map.

1. Look at the picture and answer:

(1) Whose front teeth are these? Please write down the age and residence of this ancient human.

(2) Some rough stone tools, a lot of carbon chips and small charred bones were also found in the site. Please analyze what these relics show.

(3) In 2006, an Oriental ancestor worship platform will be built here? Do you know why?

A: (1) Yuanmou. About 6.5438+0.7 million years ago. The location is Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province.

(2) Prove that Yuanmou can already make tools and use fire. (3) Because Yuanmou was the earliest human being in China.

2. Look at the picture and answer: (1) Who are the head restoration images in Figure 1 and Figure 2 respectively?

(2) Please compare their physical characteristics according to the restored images. Figure 1 Figure 2

(3) What social organization do they live in?

A: (1) Figure 1 is from Beijing, and Figure 2 is from cavemen. (2) Beijingers still retain some characteristics of apes. The appearance of cavemen is basically consistent with that of modern people. (3) Beijingers are primitive people and live in groups. Neanderthals entered the tribe.

3. Look at the picture and answer:

(1) Please point out which three ancient human sites ABC is in the picture?

(2) What is the earliest human site discovered in China?

(3) The two geographically closest sites are:

(4) Please rank them according to their years of life.

A: (1)A Beijinger, B caveman, C Yuanmou.

(2) C Yuanmou. (3)A and B, Beijingers and cavemen. (4) Cab.

The value of historical relics is that they can truly reflect the historical situation at that time and provide valuable information for future generations to understand history. Please carefully observe the cultural relics map unearthed below and answer the following questions:

(1) Memory expert: What human site was this cultural relic unearthed in? How old are these cultural relics?

(2) Archaeologist: According to these cultural relics, can you learn about the living conditions of this primitive resident?

A: (1) This is a cultural relic found in the Neanderthal site. About thirty thousand years ago. (2) cavemen have mastered polishing and drilling technology. They can already sew clothes with bone needles, and the decorations they wear also show that cavemen know how to love beauty. The shell of the sea clam shows that the Neanderthals have gone far and the range of activities has expanded.

5. Look at the picture and answer: Please write a short article according to this picture to introduce the living conditions of cavemen. Requirements in line with historical facts, fluent language, not less than 200 words.

A: About 30,000 years ago, a group of ancient people lived in the cave at the top of Zhoukoudian Mountain in southwest Beijing. Archaeologists call them Neanderthals. They look basically the same as modern people. They still hammer stone tools, but they have mastered polishing and drilling techniques. They made artificial fires, gathered and hunted for a living, and fished. Cavemen have sewed clothes with bone needles and know how to love beauty. They have the same ancestor and formed a clan. They live together, use public jobs, * * * work together, * * * share the fruits of their work, and there is no distinction between rich and poor.

6.

Look at the picture, please answer:

(1) Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the houses where the indigenous residents live. What are their style names?

(2) Please try to tell the advantages of two houses? (Name two points casually) What determines the difference between the two housing structures and what does it mean?

Answer: (1) Figure 1 is a dry-column house built by Hemudu aborigines, and Figure 2 is a semi-basement house built by Banpo aborigines. (2) The dry rail house is ventilated and moisture-proof, and livestock can be raised under it. Semi-crypt houses are warm in winter and cool in summer, saving materials. It is determined by different geographical environments and natural conditions. This shows that human beings have been able to develop harmoniously with nature. Or people have been able to adapt to the natural environment.

7. Please name the pictures below and make appropriate comments.

A: The noodle fish pattern basin. The face fish pattern basin is named after the face fish pattern painted on it. It was unearthed in Banpo Site, banpo village, Xi City, Shaanxi Province, and was made by the original inhabitants of Banpo about five or six thousand years ago. It also depicts some symbols, which some scholars think may be the embryonic form of early Chinese characters. The fish basin shows us the superb craftsmanship of Banpo painted pottery.

8.

Map of Main Sites in Primitive Farming Age in China

Look at the picture and answer the questions.

(1) Which two original residences are AB?

(2) Please compare the similarities and differences between the two indigenous residents.

A: (1)A is Hemudu aboriginal site, and B is Banpo aboriginal site.

(2) For the similarities and differences between the two indigenous residents, please refer to the sixth comprehensive question on page 3.

9. Please answer:

(1) Who is the figure in the middle of this picture? He is honored. Why?

(2) Can you give an example to talk about his contribution to the Chinese nation?

(3) What do you think is credible about all kinds of myths and legends invented during the period of the Yellow Emperor? What are the mythical ones?

(4) How to treat historical facts and myths and legends scientifically?

A: (1) Huangdi. The ancestor of mankind.

(2) The Yellow Emperor built palaces, made clothes, taught people to dig wells and invented boats and cars, which laid the foundation for later generations. His wife Lei Zu invented sericulture and silk reeling, his subordinate Cang Xie invented writing, and Ling Lun compiled music scores.

(3) During the period of the Yellow Emperor, palaces, clothes, wells, ships, cars, writing and music could be built. There is a credible side. When the palace is built, it means that the house can be built, and the words appear, which is the original words. However, if these inventions are the personal inventions of Huangdi, Lei Zu, Cang Xie or Linglun, it is full of myth.

(4) Any invention will not be the credit of one or two people, but the result of long-term exploration and practice by many people.

10. Please answer:

(1) Who is this person? What contribution did he make?

(2) In which period are the characters in the portrait?

(3) What are his spirits worth learning?

(4) What is the reason for his success?

(5) How do you evaluate him?

A: (1) Yu. Floods flooded, Xia Dynasty was established, and China entered the slave society.

(2) Primitive social period.

(3) The selfless spirit of hard work and hard work, which has been handed down through the ages, has become an important part of the Chinese national spirit.

(4) Summarized the experience and lessons of water control failure; Set an example and conduct a lot of investigation and research; Take advantage of the situation, dare to innovate and adopt scientific methods; Unite the people.

(5) Yu is a hero in the legendary era and a great man standing on the threshold of civilization.