Nanchang Uprising was an armed uprising led by China * * * in August 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province to save the revolution.
1927 During April and July, Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei Group in the Kuomintang successively launched counter-revolutionary coups in Shanghai and Wuhan, brutally massacring the people and the revolutionary masses, and the great anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolution of Kuomintang-Communist cooperation failed.
In order to resist the massacre policy of the Kuomintang reactionaries,1in mid-July, 927, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent Li, Deng Zhongxia, Tan Pingshan, Hui and others to Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, preparing to organize a part of the Chinese Communist forces in the National Revolutionary Army, unite with Zhang Fakui, commander-in-chief of the second army, return to Guangzhou, establish a revolutionary base, and then conduct a new northern expedition. When Li waited for Jiujiang, he found that Zhang Fakui had sided with Wang Jingwei and decided to take military action against the Kuomintang governments in Nanjing and Wuhan respectively. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China learned of the above proposal of Li and others, and formally decided to hold an armed uprising in Nanchang. And appointed, Li, Yun, Peng Pai and others to form China * * * Front Enemy Committee, thinking that the secretary led the uprising. The troops scheduled to take part in the uprising are: the 24th and 60th divisions of the 2nd Army of the National Revolutionary Army 1 1 Army, the 73rd and 75th regiments of the 25th Division of the 4th Army, the 3rd Army Officer Education Regiment of the 5th Army and the Nanchang Garrison, with a total of more than 20,000 people. In late July, 1 1 Army and 20th Army, under the command of * * * people Ye Ting and He Long (who participated in * * * after Nanchang Uprising), successively concentrated in Nanchang from Jiujiang and other places.
On July 27th, Zhou Enlai went to Nanchang from Wuhan via Jiujiang, and established the former enemy committee. The former committee immediately decided to revolt on July 30th. On the morning of July 30th, Zhang (then a member of the Standing Committee of the Provisional Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China), who arrived in Nanchang as a representative of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, insisted that the uprising could only be held with the consent of Zhang Fakui. Tan Pingshan was very angry when the front committee disagreed with Zhang. After the meeting, he advocated tying Zhang up, but stopped him. Zhang's opinion was unanimously opposed by the front Committee. On July 3 1 day, the Front Committee decided to take action that night.
1 At 2 am in August, under the leadership of the former enemy committee of the Communist Party of China headed by Zhou Enlai, He Long, Ye Ting, Zhu De and Liu Bocheng led more than 20,000 people under the direct control and influence of the Party to hold the Nanchang Uprising. After more than four hours of fierce fighting, more than 3,000 people were on the defensive, and more than 5,000 guns, 700,000 bullets and several cannons were seized. On the afternoon of the same day, Nie led the troops stationed near Nanchang to participate in the uprising of the 25th Normal University, and arrived in Nanchang on August 2nd.
In order to win over and unite some elements in the Kuomintang who are willing to continue the revolution and expose the ugly faces of Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei who betrayed Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary spirit, this uprising is still under the banner of the Kuomintang Left. After the victory of the uprising, the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang was established, consisting of 25 members, including Soong Ching Ling, Deng (two of whom have never been to Nanchang), He Long, and 7 members, including Soong Ching Ling and Deng. He issued a central declaration in the name of Soong Ching Ling and others, pointing out that Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Ching-wei betrayed the revolution, and called on all revolutionaries to unite, carry on Sun Yat-sen's legacy, continue the anti-imperialist struggle and solve the land problem. The Revolutionary Committee appointed Wu as the Secretary-General, and appointed He Long, Ye Ting and Liu Bocheng to form the Staff Committee. As a military command organ, Liu Bocheng was the chief of staff, Guo Moruo was the director of the General Political Department, and the uprising troops used the designation of the Second Army of the National Revolutionary Army. Revolutionary Committee appointed He Long as commander-in-chief of the Second Army and Ye Ting as commander-in-chief of the former enemy of the Second Army. The Second Army has three armies, namely 1 1, with Ye Ting as the commander and Nie as the party representative. 20 army, with He Long as the commander and Liao Ganwu as the party representative; In the 9th Army, Zhu De served as deputy commander and Zhu served as party representative. There are more than 20 thousand people in the whole army. On August 3rd, according to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's decision before the uprising, the insurgents began to leave Nanchang, passing Linchuan (Fuzhou), Yihuang and Guangchang, and went south to Guangdong, in order to restore the revolutionary base areas in Guangdong, win foreign aid, and then capture Guangzhou. The insurgents didn't realize that after they withdrew from Nanchang, they would go to the vast rural areas of Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei nearby to combine with the local peasant movement to strengthen the revolutionary forces. Instead, I was busy going south to Guangdong to win foreign aid and put myself at a disadvantage.
When the insurgents marched into Guangdong and entered Jinxian Village, the 10 division turned away from the insurgents and took refuge in Chiang Kai-shek. Because the insurgents hastily withdrew from Nanchang, the troops were not reorganized and recruited in the hot summer. When they arrived in Linchuan on the 7th, the total strength was about 1.3 million. On the way south, the rebels fought fiercely with the Kuomintang army many times. On August 25th, the insurgents arrived in Ruijin area, north of Rentian. They took advantage of the enemy's lack of concentration to attack Ren Tian's defenders and annihilate one of them, and captured Ruijin County on 26th. Then they attacked Huichang, fought fiercely until the 30th, captured Huichang County, annihilated more than 6,000 people, surrendered more than 2,500 guns, and the insurgents suffered casualties 1700 people. After the war in Huichang, the rebel army moved eastward, passing through Changting, Shanghang, Tingjiang and Hanjiang in Fujian, and occupied Sanheba in dapu county, Guangdong on September 22nd. The main force continued southward, and occupied Chaozhou (now Chaoan) and Shantou on the 23rd. The main troops marched westward to Tangkeng (now Fengshun County) via Jieyang, and a few troops stayed in Chaoshan. When the main force advanced to the soup pit, it launched a fierce battle with the enemy. Insurgents suffered 2000 casualties, unable to fight again, and retreated to Jieyang. The enemy occupied Chaozhou. At the beginning of 10, the various parts of the rebel army were defeated under the siege of the superior enemy. Revolutionary committees and insurgents * * * scattered transfer. A group of 1300 insurgents led by Dong Lang moved to Haifeng and Lufeng to join the local agricultural army. Another 800 people, led by Zhu De and Chen Yi, moved to the border of Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi and Hunan to participate in the Southern Hunan Uprising, and in April of 1928, they joined the autumn harvest uprising troops led by Mao Zedong in Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base.
Although the Nanchang Uprising failed, it fired the first shot of armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries, declared China's firm stance of carrying out the China Revolution to the end, and marked the beginning of China's independent leadership of the revolutionary war, the establishment of the people's army and the armed seizure of political power. Therefore, it is of great historical significance. 1933 1 1, on the basis of the recommendation of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission on June 30th, the Provisional Central Government of chinese soviet republic decided that August 1 day would be the anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army. From then on, August 1 became the Army Day of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army and later the China People's Liberation Army. Zhu De's poem commemorating "August 1st" in July 1957: "Mr. Nanchang is a new army, and only when the workers and peasants celebrate can there be soldiers."