1, external environment19 The rise of the second industrial revolution in the 1970s promoted the great development of capitalism. Capitalism has developed to a certain extent, from commodity export to capital export, and capitalist countries have expanded their capital to explore the world market. China was forced to open its doors.

2. Internal reasons At that time, China had reached the peak of feudal society. At the same time, the disadvantages of feudal autocracy are increasingly apparent, with political corruption and economic decadence.