After more than 6,000 years' changes, the evolution process of cursive Chinese characters is: Oracle Bone Inscriptions → bronze inscription → seal script → official script → regular script → running script (Shang) (Zhou) (Qin) (Han) (Wei and Jin Dynasties), which can be simply summarized into five stages: sound, shape, image, number and reason. (1) "Sound" is an indispensable part of any language. In the distant and long Archaean, human beings gradually diverged from the instinctive "ridiculous ……" or the imitation of nature's "birdsong, insect song, animal roar, thunder and rain …", which is the evolution of pronunciation. For example, "Mom, Ba" is used to represent "Mom, Dad", which may be different from crying "Ah …". Phonetics has developed into a very complex system in modern times. Chinese has about 4× 400 = 1600 sounds. Phonetic differentiation must have its own laws, and some clues can be distinguished from modern languages. For example, "Goose, chicken, duck, cat …" and other poultry and livestock may be named according to their sounds. "Ha, oh, shh, ouch ……" and other sounds directly express the natural vocalization of human beings in different emotions. "Wu → noon", "Miao → Miao" and "Mu → Mao" ... have the same sound and the same meaning. Log, take also. Journey to the East was born out of the ground, and it looks as if its roots grew from the ground. "Form" is the second important part of language, but it is not necessary. In ancient times, human beings mainly faced the problems of survival and racial continuity. In the process of fighting against nature, wild animals and poisonous snakes, it is sometimes necessary to use "shape" or "painting" to express things. For example, in order not to get lost in hunting, some marks may be made on rocks or tree trunks. When hunting, humans also pay attention to observing the footprints of wild animals to identify their characteristics. In addition, human beings may draw images of "the sun, the moon, people, mountains, trees, bricks, animals, ancestors, etc." out of worship of mysterious nature or pursuit of beautiful things. Shuo Wen Jie Zi said, "Cang Xie, a historian of the Yellow Emperor, saw the footprints of birds and beasts and understood that shapes can be used to distinguish things and began to make words." The original history of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Háng Xie, saw the hoof tracks of birds and animals (the tracks left by the passing of all animals), and knew that they were different, so he began to write a book. "Examination → Gefan → Gecaichang", and "Fan" refers to the footprints of wild animals in Tanaka. "Pick" to distinguish, just like animals' fingers and claws. "Trial" is also indicated. Primitive literary talent and discrimination, like the fingers and claws of wild animals, are separated. Beast's feet, like its palms, come from mining and fields. Review, know, know, review and adopt. Well-informed, rich in details, from the heart and from the collection. Explanation, solution and adoption. Also consider its differences. From "diagram" to a simplified process, the evolution process of "text" begins by taking the main characteristics of things. Pinyin characters have developed from the initial images to letters representing sounds, with sounds as the main body. Chinese characters have developed from the initial image to "image, number and reason", and different images are used to express various meanings. ⑶ "Xiang" is the main method to create Chinese characters and explain things in the Book of Changes. "Sun, Moon" and so on belong to hieroglyphics and are the basic components of word-making. These basic components combine with each other to produce various "images" and create more words. Basic components and characters can also be combined at a higher level to produce many characters used to express various things and ideas. Cang Xie wrote a book at the beginning of the original text. Gai Yi is pictographic, so it is called the text. From then on, the combination of sound and shape is called a word. Such as "Ming → Sun and Moon", "Yi → Sun → Sun and Moon", "Dan → Sun-1" (the bottom "one" means "earth" and is connected with "heaven, man and earth") and "fairy → sun karma" ("karma" means earth. These words can form more words. Such as "Lian → Ming Pan", "Kick → Yi", "Wet → Show" and "Dan → Dan". Word-making and Yi-li are completely connected here, that is, the so-called fuzzy thinking of "image-taking physiology" and the dichotomy principle of "yin-yang interaction". (4) The concept of "number" is gradually formed in the long-term evolution of human beings. The concepts that humans first master may be "nothing" and "being". Without water, you will be thirsty, without food, you will be hungry. "Is there-?" ? In the word "moon", it means hand, and "moon" means meat. The word "you" originally meant "you have meat under your hand". If you have meat, you won't be hungry. "You" is further divided to form the concept of "one, two, three and many". "Shu" evolved in the direction of easy symbols, gradually separated from characters, forming eight diagrams, and formed the Book of Changes (Lianshan, Guicang and Zhouyi) in the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties in history. For example, odd numbers (one, three, five, seven, nine) and even numbers (two, four, six, eight, ten) are two groups of numbers with different properties. If odd numbers belong to Yang, even numbers belong to Yin. In the river map and Luo Shu, it is represented by "black, white" or "solid and empty" respectively. "Yi" is represented by "Yin and Yang" (,). If the numbers "one, two and three" are based on the thinking of Yi, then the number "one" is Yang, and "two" is "three" and "three" is "three". According to the principle of yang overlapping, yin also overlaps, that is, ",". If the ","symbols are combined again, all symbols will be generated. Learn the addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of numbers as arithmetic. Studying the "image" of "number" and saying "reason" with "image" is the interpretation of the Book of Changes. In Chinese characters, the phenomenon of root overlapping is everywhere, which is the concrete expression of "mathematics" in word-making. For example: singing → mouth →ckv ("singing", mouth to mouth) crying → dog →kv ("crying", mouth to mouth) noise → mouth to mouth → wood → ZKV/ZKVM ("crying → wood)) pottery → page →xvy ("pottery ",from, from page. Page, the first also) soil → eleven → ground (in Shuo Wen Jie Zi, soil → two, from two to yin, like ground. According to intuition, fuzzy symbols are divided into eleven, which is the same as "Yes → Eleven". ) The number of places is even. Earth, creatures, underground, underground, everything is deformed. Teacher, things are the same. Numbers start at the beginning and end at ten, from one to ten. Confucius said: Push ten into one to be a scholar. Bad → soil is not →ht (bad, the tiles are destroyed without burning. ) the original text is not good, and the hill is also successful. One said: tiles don't burn, and they are silent from the soil. Gui (gūi)→ Tutu →gtt (Gui, master Rui Yu, below the upper circle. ) Yuangui, Ruiyu also, below the upper circle. Gong Zhihuan is expensive, nine inches; Hou Zhixin returned, Bo Zhigong returned, all seven inches; The son holds Gu Bi and the man holds Pu Bi, all five inches. To seal the vassal, from the heavy soil. Yao (yáo)→ Tugui → YTV/TTT (Yuan Dian Dictionary) (Yao, Tugao also. Such as: Yao → Ye,, and people. ) The original text, Gao Ye, comes from Santu. Yao, Gao Ye, from Yao, to Wu, also. There are many similar examples. Another example is: Gold → Xin, Mu → Lin → Sen, Shui → Miao, Fire → Inflammation → Yan, Re → Shuang, Ren → Subordinate → Crowd, Yi → Xian. Usually the root weight means "many" and the triple means "many". "Reason" is an extension of "image and number". The evolution of Chinese character extension is mainly based on "reason", that is, things close to each other are also related by "reason". For example, "Ming" means bright, which is extended to "eyes can see clearly, hearts can understand, things become obvious …" and so on. The five stages of the evolution of Chinese characters "sound, shape, image, number and reason" are essentially five basic methods to create Chinese characters. Here is an example: the words "cat → Miao → Miao → Tian", "Miao" and "Tian" all belong to pictographic characters, and the cat is called "Mi O", so the sound of "cat" is defined as "māo", and Miao is used in the pronunciation when making words. Miao → Tian Miao is pronounced Miao, which means "grass in the field". Cats may have been domesticated during Shennong's agricultural cultivation to deal with rats that destroyed crops and grains. The zodiac may have been set earlier than this period, which may be the reason why cats are not included. When creating Chinese characters, if two characters overlap, it means more. "Mi → Mi" means more grass, which is the concept of "number" in Chinese character creation. "Miao" means small seedlings, and the word "Miao" also extends to "trainable talents". Children and seedlings are very similar, but the reason is the same. This expands the extension of the word "Miao" and is an example of "reason". From the anatomy of the word "cat", we can see five basic word-formation methods: pronunciation, shape, image, number and reason, and also the historical evolution of Chinese characters.