In the Western Han Dynasty, the narrow sense of the Western Region refers to the west of Yumenguan and Yangguan (now Dunhuang West, Gansu Province), the east of Congling (Pamirs Plateau), the north of Kunlun Mountain and the south of Balkhash Lake, that is, the jurisdiction of Khufu in the Western Region in the Han Dynasty, and today's Xinjiang region. The western region in a broad sense also includes Central Asia, West Asia, India, Caucasus and the Black Sea coast west of the Green Ridge, including Afghanistan, Iran, Uzbekistan, the Mediterranean coast, and even Eastern and Southern Europe.
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In the 5th century BC, the western regions began to prosper gradually, because they were located in the main road of east-west traffic. According to "History of the Western Regions", there are many countries in the western regions, so there is a saying of "thirty-six countries in the western regions". Before Zhang Qian arrived in the Western Regions, Xiongnu ruled the Western Regions. In BC 139, Zhang Qian was ordered by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to lead a hundred people to the Western Regions with Gan Fu as the guide, thus opening up the Silk Road. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made him look forward to it. Thoroughbred horses such as Tianma and Bloodhorse in the Western Region, grapes, walnuts, alfalfa, pomegranate, carrots and carpets were introduced to the mainland. Han people's cast iron, ditching, sinking and other technologies, silk fabrics, metal tools, etc. , spread to the western regions.
In 60 BC, the Han Dynasty established the capital of the Western Regions, which was in charge of the Western Regions and protected business travel. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, countries in the western regions merged with each other, forming a situation in which several powerful countries such as Shanshan and Che merged. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the situation in the Western Regions changed again. Gao Changguo defeated several countries and built a big country. Except for a few countries, countries in the western regions moved westward and Central Asia began to prosper.
At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the troops of the Tang Dynasty attacked the Western Regions, and all countries in the Western Regions surrendered to the Tang Dynasty, only Gao Changguo refused to accept annihilation. The western regions were placed under Longyou Road, and four towns in Anxi were established. After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty was unable to control the western regions, and the western regions were once again in a semi-independent state. In the Yuan Dynasty, Mongols ruled the Western Regions, which belonged to the Chagatai khanate. Later, things split up. This is still the case in the Ming Dynasty. In the early Qing dynasty, it was destroyed by Mongolia (Walla) in the western desert.
During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Moxi Mongolia was pacified and Xinjiang was re-ruled. After that, it was recovered for the left. ? Xinjiang was founded in 1884 and officially named as Xinjiang Province.
Baidu encyclopedia-western regions