Recently, the United States Marine Corps has begun to use another new type of armored combat vehicle-the Amphibious Expeditionary Combat Vehicle (EFV). The chariot also
It is driven by three people and can carry 17 fully armed marines. The maximum speed of amphibious expedition vehicles on land is 72 kilometers per hour, and the maximum speed in water can reach 46 kilometers, which is three times that of amphibious assault vehicles in the past. Moreover, it is equipped with a more powerful 30 mm caliber cannon and a coaxial 7.62 mm caliber chain gun. With the mass production of this chariot, it will completely replace the current AAV7A 1 amphibious assault chariot in the near future. As early as 1930' s, the United States started the development of crawler landing vehicle.
1)1935 ~1937 developed the LVT 1 crawler lander, which is called "crocodile". Armored protection, called LVT(A) 1, total combat weight 14.6 tons, main weapon137mm gun, maximum land speed of 40km/h, maximum water speed 1 1 km/h.
2) 1942 produced LVT2 crawler lander, known as "buffalo". The armored one is called LVT(A)2. The total combat weight is about 13 tons, and the weapons are 3 7.62 mm machine guns. The maximum speed on the mainland is 32 km/h, and the maximum speed on the water is 12km/h, 1943. A crawler landing vehicle named "Viper" was developed. Total combat weight 17 ton, maximum land speed of 27 km/h, maximum water speed 1 1 km/h, 1943, LVT4 crawler lander was developed. The armored type is called LVT(A)4, with total combat weight 17.9 tons and weapon 175 mm howitzer. The top speed on the mainland is 32km/h, and the top speed on the water is12km/h. ..
3) In 1950s, the United States developed the LVTP5 crawler landing transport vehicle, which was used to equip the United States Marine Corps. The total combat weight is 37.4 tons, with 3 crew members and 25 crew members. The weapon is 1, 7.62mm machine gun. The maximum land speed is 48km/h, and the maximum water speed is 1 1km/h, so it can travel in waves with a wave height of 3.66m, and the car body is well sealed.
4) In the 1970s, the United States developed the LVTP7 crawler landing transport vehicle, which was used to equip the amphibious assault battalion of the United States Marine Corps, and was responsible for transporting marines from the ship to the shore and, if necessary, to inland destinations. Total combat weight 18.257 tons, with 3 crew members and 25 crew members. The weapon is 1 12.7mm machine gun. The engine power is 294 kW, the maximum speed is 64 km/h, and the maximum stroke is 480 km. When driving on water, use water jet propeller to propel, and the maximum speed is13.5 km/h. ..
5) In the 1980s, all the LVTP7 tracked landing vehicles equipped by the US Marine Corps were modified, and they were called AAV7 amphibious assault vehicles after improvement, and the total combat weight increased to 22.838 tons. At present, the AAV7A 1 amphibious assault vehicle equipped by the US Marine Corps is improved from AAV7, with a total combat weight of 23,438+0 tons, 3 crew members and 25 crew members. The weapon is 1 12.7mm machine gun, and the ammunition base is 1000 rounds. The engine power is 294 kW, and the maximum speed on the mainland is 72.42 km/h. The water driving is propelled by two water jet propellers at the rear of the car body, and the maximum speed is13.5 km/h. The water jet propellers are aluminum alloy mixed-flow pumps, and the rear of each pump is equipped with a steering reversing plate. The driver controls the opening and closing of the electro-hydraulic valve by manipulating the steering wheel to change the water spraying direction, so as to realize the steering and reversing of the vehicle on the water surface. The maximum reversing speed is 7.2 km/h, and AAV7A 1 amphibious assault vehicle has formed a vehicle family, including AAV7A 1 transport vehicle, AAVC7A 1 command vehicle and AAVR7A/KLOC-0. In the Gulf War of 199 1, AAV7A 1 transport vehicle mainly carried out the task of transporting materials from ship to shore. Because AAV7A 1 amphibious assault vehicle is mainly used to transport people and materials to the coast, although the combat capability has been improved after landing, the US Marine Corps is not satisfied with this kind of combat vehicle, and puts forward requirements for a new type of combat vehicle with higher transport capacity and land combat capability, thus starting to formulate the development plan of AAAV advanced amphibious assault vehicle. AAAV advanced amphibious assault vehicle was developed by the ground system branch of American General Dynamics Company, and the first to third batch of prototype vehicles were manufactured in 1999. Since then, the second batch of 9 prototype cars have been manufactured. AAAV advanced amphibious assault vehicle was renamed as "Expeditionary Vehicle" (EFV) on September 6th, 2003. ZTD-05 amphibious assault vehicle painted with army tricolor camouflage ZTD-05 belongs to the domestic 05 high-speed amphibious assault vehicle series and belongs to the domestic new amphibious armored assault vehicle (AAAV). 05 high-speed amphibious assault vehicle series is the fastest and most advanced medium-sized amphibious assault vehicle series in the world today. It is driven by a powerful engine and can sail at high speed on the water. The United States is also developing a similar AAAV large-scale high-speed amphibious assault vehicle, whose performance is more advanced than that of Chinese mainland's high-speed amphibious chariot series, but the development has not yet been completed. China 05 high-speed amphibious assault vehicle series has fast water speed and strong firepower. This series of vehicles are equipped with 1 105 mm low recoil tank guns, becoming high-speed amphibious tanks, powerful enough to destroy various main battle tanks such as M-60 and M-48. Equipped with 30 mm cannon, it becomes a high-speed amphibious infantry fighting vehicle, and its cannon power is enough to destroy an M-4 1 light tank and various armored vehicles. The support around the barrel can greatly improve the shooting accuracy of the machine gun. The obvious feature of ZTD-05 is that there is a retractable folding breakwater at the front end of the car body. The device can counteract the disturbance and resistance of partial water flow to the car body and improve the speed of the whole car when it is maneuvering in the water.
From the appearance of the body, the body size of the domestic amphibious armored assault vehicle is obviously smaller than that of the EFV adventure vehicle. In addition, the shape of the domestic amphibious assault vehicle skateboard after deployment is different from that of EFV, which is not bow-shaped like the former (the inclination of the front and rear of the first skateboard is quite different), but in a straight line with a large inclination. For the domestic amphibious assault vehicle, the biggest technical simplification is to abandon the fully retractable crawler, and it is likely that the drag can be reduced at high speed only by moving the inducer backward to tighten the crawler. Because the car body is small and can't form a closed bottom, the domestic amphibious assault vehicle will rely more on the lifting function of the auxiliary skateboard, so the head and tail auxiliary skateboard (especially the tail skateboard) which is much larger than EFV is adopted. From the point of view of balance, EFV adopts the layout structure with the power cabin in the center. The battle room is located in front of the power cabin, and the marines on board sit around the engine in a U-shaped circle. Obviously, the space between the power cabin and the passenger cabin has caused interference, which has affected the carrying efficiency of the chariot. Because the battle cabin of domestic amphibious assault vehicle needs to be connected with the large turret of 105 mm tank gun to strengthen the firepower, it is obviously impossible to adopt the same power structure layout as EFV, and the rear layout of power cabin like Type 63 amphibious tank is also not desirable from the perspective of passengers. Finally, the structural layout of the front offset power cabin which is common in light armored vehicles is adopted. Starting from its own technical strength, the domestic amphibious armored assault vehicle emphasizes the good water performance from the transitional navigation state to the semi-water skiing navigation state. Although the technical difficulty is obviously lower than that of EFV, it can still achieve a high speed of more than 30 km/h while ensuring the development progress of the whole vehicle family to serve smoothly on time. Domestic amphibious assault vehicles include two main battle vehicles, equipped with 105mm low recoil tank guns and 30mm cannon respectively. The 105 mm line bore tank gun used by domestic amphibious armored assault vehicles is improved from the same caliber gun of 63A amphibious tanks. Compared with the Army's105mm tank gun, this gun can reduce the recoil of the gun by increasing the muzzle brake and improving the anti-recoil device, so that the light amphibious assault vehicle can be safely carried and launched in water. China's 105mm tank gun was imported from the west in 1980s. After more than 20 years of digestion and absorption, its performance has reached a very high level. In recent years, a new type of armor-piercing projectile with an aspect ratio close to 30: 1 has a vertical penetration depth of 500mm at a distance of 2000m, which is enough to sweep M60A3 and M48H tanks. Domestic amphibious armored fighting vehicles used to carry infantry ashore are equipped with 30 mm cannon. The prototype of this gun is 2A72 30mm automatic gun used by Russian BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicle, which came to China in 1990s with the introduction project of BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicle turret. Compared with the domestic 25mm vehicle-mounted automatic gun, the structure of this gun is more compact, and its volume and weight are less than 2/3 of the latter, so the overall reliability of the gun is extremely high. The gun adopts one-way and two-way automatic ammunition supply, with the firing rate of 380 rounds per minute and the initial velocity of the Grenade of 960 meters per second. In addition to the 30 mm cannon, the amphibious armored fighting vehicle can also carry a "Red Arrow" 73C anti-tank missile on both sides of the turret. The power of this old-fashioned missile is acceptable after it is replaced by a series armor-piercing warhead, and the wired guidance is changed to wireless guidance. ZTD-05 painted with army tricolor camouflage belongs to the domestic 05 high-speed amphibious assault vehicle series and belongs to the domestic new amphibious armored assault vehicle (AAAV). 05 high-speed amphibious assault vehicle series is the fastest and most advanced medium-sized amphibious assault vehicle series in the world today. It is driven by a powerful engine and can sail at high speed on the water. The United States is also developing a similar AAAV large-scale high-speed amphibious assault vehicle, whose performance is more advanced than that of Chinese mainland's high-speed amphibious chariot series, but the development has not yet been completed. China 05 high-speed amphibious assault vehicle series has fast water speed and strong firepower. This series of vehicles are equipped with 1 105 mm low recoil tank guns, becoming high-speed amphibious tanks, powerful enough to destroy various main battle tanks such as M-60 and M-48. The 30 mm machine gun has become a high-speed amphibious infantry fighting vehicle, and its artillery power is enough to destroy an M-4 1 light tank and various armored vehicles. The support around the barrel can greatly improve the shooting accuracy of the machine gun. The obvious feature of ZTD-05 is that there is a retractable folding breakwater at the front end of the car body. The device can counteract the disturbance and resistance of partial water flow to the car body and improve the speed of the whole car when it is maneuvering in the water.