It is said in "Fantastic Night of Natural History" (a talk show about four museums on the Silk Road) that the Song Dynasty is actually the only dynasty with more than 300 years, not even the Han Dynasty.
Five thousand years of Chinese civilization, the change of dynasties and the change of times have created the history of China.
Many people are wondering why dynasties over 300 years are not counted as 800 years of Zhou Dynasty and 400 years of Han Dynasty. Ma Weidou's introduction in "Fantastic Night of Natural History" can make you understand the truth.
The road of history is not a smooth sidewalk, it has been winding forward, sometimes only encountering minor setbacks, and sometimes encountering major storms.
Although it is not difficult step by step, it is also difficult. People must always sum up historical experiences and lessons in order to get sustained growth.
In the long river of history, there are historical dynasties that have ruled for a long time.
Among them, the Zhou Dynasty lasted more than 800 years, the Han Dynasty lasted 405 years, and the Song Dynasty only lasted 320 years.
Although the time of Song Dynasty ranks among the best in the comparison of past dynasties, it is somewhat dwarfed by that of Zhou Dynasty and Han Dynasty.
Although the Zhou dynasty ruled for more than 800 years, the state was scattered and the rights were not concentrated. It was not until Qin Shihuang unified the whole country and centralized rule that rights were concentrated.
Numerically speaking, the time difference between Song Dynasty and Han Dynasty is nearly one hundred years. Why did Ma Weidou, a famous scholar, say that the Han Dynasty actually lasted less than 300 years, while the Song Dynasty was a veritable Han Dynasty?
Is the history of the Han Dynasty more than 300 years?
After 405 years of rule, the Han Dynasty experienced 29 emperors.
As we all know, Liu Bang, the founder of the Han Dynasty, was the first civilian emperor in the history of China. By contending with Chu and Han of Xiang Yu, this dynasty was established, which was called the Western Han Dynasty in history.
After the intervention of consorts (Lv Hou listened to politics), Emperor Wen of Han and Emperor Jing of Han created a prosperous scene of the rule of Wenjing, and Emperor Wu of Han won the support of two generals, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, expelled barbarians, opened up territory, and created a prosperous situation.
At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, politics became increasingly corrupt, land annexation became common, and society was in turmoil. The young emperor ascended the throne and Wang Mang was regent.
The ambitious Wang Mang refused to be the minister behind the scenes, so the heart of usurping the throne was born.
In 8 BC, Wang Mang proclaimed himself emperor, and his title was changed to "Xin", and the Western Han Dynasty officially perished.
In the long history of the Han Dynasty, it was unexpected to meet the "dating period" and ushered in the usurpation of the right to reform.
After Wang Mang usurped the throne, he wanted to change the system in the last years of the Western Han Dynasty, realize fair treatment for the bottom class, and strive for the interests needed by farmers' survival, hoping to establish an eternal "new" dynasty.
Farmers have been the main social stratum since ancient times, with a large number. While seeking benefits for one class, we can't ignore the interests of another class.
Because Wang Mang's rectification system did not pay attention to the interests of feudal officials, his rule was quickly dissatisfied or even opposed by former Western Han officials.
Although Wang Mang wanted to benefit farmers, his rectification system seriously affected people's normal life.
During this period, due to repeated coin rectification actions, coins depreciated seriously and prices rose rapidly, and the poor had to bear heavy labor.
In practice, people saw Wang Mang's improper rectification, and at the same time realized the hardships of the poor in this era.
The rule of the "new" dynasty lasted only 16 years, but with the help of farmers, it was overthrown by Liu Xiu.
As an emperor, members of the Liu family lived among the people for a long time, but he was always kind. In AD 25, the Eastern Han Dynasty was established, which unified the whole country and created a prosperous time of "rejuvenating the country by force".
In 220 AD, Cao Pi, the second son of Cao Cao, forced Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty to give way, and the Eastern Han Dynasty officially perished.
Generally speaking, the history of the Han dynasty is very long, but it is not a continuous history, but it has experienced usurpation and seizure of power, which promoted the replacement of dynasties, rather than the actual 400 years in history.
Song dynasty, the only one that lasted for more than 300 years?
Why did the weak Song Dynasty become the only dynasty in China's history for more than 300 years?
Zhao Kuangyin returned home with a glass of wine, created the Song Dynasty and became its master.
His rule emphasized literature over martial arts, attached importance to the treatment and development of civil servants, and suppressed the treatment of military attache, for fear of repeating the mistake of military attache usurping power and affecting his ruling position.
In fact, the Song Dynasty was an era of economic prosperity and cultural prosperity. Although the emphasis on literature over martial arts makes the development of civil and military officials unbalanced, it is precisely because of the emphasis on literature over martial arts in the Song Dynasty that a large number of talents emerged. There are outstanding talents in literature, science and technology, politics, military affairs, music, painters and other fields.
The famous Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is a bustling Bianjing picture drawn by Zhang Zeduan, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, which shows us the life scenes of people from all walks of life in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Before the Song Dynasty, people kept the habit of eating two meals, which were enough for people's daily activities. In the Song Dynasty, due to the prosperity of commercial economy, a new entertainment place-Goulan Washe (referring to citizen entertainment center) appeared, which enriched the "nightlife" and increased the amount of activities, naturally turning two meals a day into three meals a day, from which we can see the prosperity of the Song Dynasty.
Song dynasty valued literature over martial arts, and lacked war horses. However, in order to prevent war, we did not neglect the training of the army and paid attention to training. Every soldier is the strongest of the elite.
During the period of Song Huizong, the Song Dynasty also ushered in a period of decline.
Song Huizong was not interested in politics, but devoted himself to pleasure, which caused people to complain. After being captured by Jin, Emperor Hui and Emperor Qin were taken away by Jin, which led to the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Because of the demise of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang usurped power in the Eastern Han Dynasty for more than ten years, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. Why is it still a dynasty of more than 300 years?
It can be said that the Song Dynasty was a lucky dog. After two cases were captured by Jin, Kang Wang narrowly escaped, and the orthodox blood of Song Dynasty was preserved. 1 127 years, Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) Zhao Gou proclaimed himself emperor, established its capital, and was called Song Gaozong in history.
The prosperity of economy and the rise of commerce in the Southern Song Dynasty aroused people's dissatisfaction. At the same time, Mongolia, far away from home, was eyeing the Southern Song Dynasty.
Mongols wanted to enter the Central Plains, covet the wealth of the Song people, invade the Southern Song Dynasty, and implement the barbaric "three light" policy (that is, robbing, killing and burning).
In the Mongolian-Song War, the Southern Song Dynasty went into economic collapse.
During this period, although Yue Fei's brave men fought against the Japanese and killed the enemy, Qin Gui and other traitors lied and confused the Lord. Until 1279, the Southern Song Dynasty perished, and the Song Dynasty, which lasted for 3 19 years, came to a complete end in history.
In fact, the Song Dynasty was the peak of the development of feudal society in China, with great achievements in all aspects.
Three of the four great inventions were truly and widely used in the Song Dynasty, which was the only dynasty in ancient times that did not "restrain business" and encouraged business development, leaving a lot of material and spiritual wealth for today.