A, 19 17 In March, the February Revolution broke out in Russia, overthrew the autocratic rule of the czar, and two regimes emerged: the workers and peasants established in the revolution represented the Soviet Union and the bourgeois interim government established after the revolution. Among them, the interim government is the main and actual ruling authority.

B. Reason: Workers and peasants lack experience in political struggle, and Bolshevik parties such as Lenin mainly live abroad, which affects the party's organization and education of the masses.

2. October Revolution

Reasons and background: ① World War I brought great suffering to the Russian people; The February Revolution overthrew the czar's government, but the bourgeois provisional government continued to pursue a foreign policy against the people and tried to extinguish the flames of the domestic revolution.

After Petrograd armed uprising:

A. Uprising General Command: Smolny Institute

B, uprising signal: the voice of the cruiser "Aphrodite"

C. Uprising victory:1917165438+17 captured the Winter Palace on October 7, and immediately established the world's first Soviet regime of workers and peasants-People's Committee.

Establishment and consolidation of proletarian regime: After the victory of Petrograd armed uprising, Russia established the Soviet regime of workers and peasants-People's Committee, and Lenin was elected as its chairman. From 19 17 to 1920, after three years of hard civil war, Soviet Russia smashed foreign armed intervention and the outbreak of domestic counter-revolution, won the civil war and consolidated the first proletarian regime in the world.

The historical significance of the victory of the October Revolution: ① The October Revolution was the first socialist revolution that won victory in human history. (2) It promoted the birth of Soviet Russia, the first socialist country in the world. It dealt a heavy blow to imperialist rule, promoted the development of international socialist movement and inspired the liberation struggle of colonial and semi-colonial people.

Several characteristics of the October Revolution:

(1) In Russia, where the economy is relatively backward, it broke the siege of capitalism and won the revolution;

(2) Take the revolutionary road from armed uprising in central cities to all parts of the country;

(3) The democratic revolution and the socialist revolution are closely linked, thus forming two revolutions with different stages of rapid development.

The main features of the October Revolution

Riots and armed seizure of power in central cities

3. The wartime communist policy

Reason: After the victory of the October Revolution, the internal and external reactionary forces were unwilling to fail, and United in an attempt to strangle the nascent Soviet regime. In order to effectively concentrate the national economic power to defeat the enemy in the extremely difficult three-year civil war, the Soviet regime implemented a wartime communist policy.

Content: implement surplus grain collection system; Nationalize small and medium-sized enterprises; Free trade will be abolished, and all necessities and food companies will be distributed centrally by the state.

Results: In the extremely hard three-year civil war, the national manpower and material resources were effectively concentrated and finally the enemy was defeated. However, it has also aroused people's dissatisfaction, especially farmers', undermined the development of productive forces, and caused the decline of production and social instability.