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Affected by the war of aggression against China, the interests of the United States in China were seriously damaged and limited sanctions were imposed on Japan.
In the early days of the war of aggression against China, in order to prevent international interference, Japan paid special attention to maintaining "friendly relations" with the United States in addition to trying not to harm the rights and interests of third countries. Its purpose is: 1. to ensure the import of strategic materials such as oil and scrap iron; Second, disillusion China's "fantasy" of aid to the United States. However, with the expansion of Japanese ambition to monopolize China and the occupation of the hinterland of China, the interests of the United States are inevitably infringed.
Starting from 1938, Japan cut off the channels of foreign aid to China and blocked the coast of China, so the trade of third countries with China could not be carried out; The rights and interests of the west are no longer protected. When the Japanese captured Nanjing, they even sank the American warship Panai and three American oil tankers. According to American statistics, as of 1938 and 12, there were 296 incidents in which Japan violated American interests in China. In the second security statement, Japan publicly denied the "Nine-Nation Convention" and its established open door policy, and declared to build a "new East Asian order".
After the "Panay" incident, some people in the United States began to demand sanctions against Japan. For example, Yanel, commander of the Asian Fleet, said, "Tokyo intends to exclude the interests of the United States in all parts of the Pacific." "If the United States allows the Japanese to conquer China, it is equivalent to giving up control of the Asian continent and the Pacific Ocean; The only way to defeat Japan's above plan is to assist Chiang Kai-shek and impose trade sanctions on Japan. " Due to the influence of isolationism, although the United States failed to pass large-scale sanctions against Japan, it still approved a "moral embargo" limited to aviation equipment and a $25 million tung oil loan to China.
Japan was greatly disturbed by the change of American policy, but it was unwilling to give up the achievements of aggression in China. It repeatedly expanded its infringement on the interests of Britain and the United States in China, and even once blocked the British concession in Tianjin. With the outbreak of the European War, the US policy toward Japan has become increasingly tough. June 194 1 1 The US-Japan trade treaty expired and was not renewed. 1940 in July, the United States began to embargo aviation fuel, lubricating oil and high melting point scrap metal against Japan.
Japan's "southward advance" intensified its conflict with the United States in the Pacific Ocean and had to resort to war.
1940 In July, Japan established the policy of "going south". Two months later, in order to block the Yunnan-Vietnam Highway, the Japanese army forcibly entered the northern part of French Indian zhina, threatening Southeast Asia. At that time, the United States needed to import natural rubber, tin and other strategic materials from Southeast Asia. For example, in 1939, the tin production of Dutch East India ranks third in the world, and its exports to the United States are equivalent to the sum of Britain, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands; 1940, 57.9% of rubber and 78% of tin in British Malaya were sold to the United States. In order to warn Japan and curb its further actions, in June of that year, Roosevelt banned the transportation of scrap steel to Japan; In February 65438, iron ore, pig iron and steel were included in the embargo.
At the same time, the United States increased its aid to China. Of course, there are also factors that sympathize with China's anti-Japanese war, but it is more based on the consideration of American self-interest. China contained the Japanese strategy of "going north" and "going south" to the maximum extent, and safeguarded the interests of Britain and the United States in the Far East. If the United States chooses China and compromises with Japan at all costs, then with the collapse of China, Southeast Asia will be lost, Britain will be shaken, and the Soviet Union will become depressed, which will inevitably damage the core interests of the United States. Therefore, on the China issue, the United States and Japan are tit for tat.
By 194 1, the United States and Japan were already in opposition, but the United States hoped to contain Japan through negotiations and embargoes and avoid entering the "two oceans" war prematurely; Japan hoped that the United States would make concessions on the China issue, so the two sides held secret negotiations. As the basis of negotiations, the United States has formulated four principles, demanding respect for the sovereignty of all countries, non-interference in other countries' internal affairs, support for opening the door and maintaining the status quo in the Pacific region. This is totally unacceptable to Japan.
194 1 In July, 2008, Japan prepared to "fight against Britain and America" and invaded the southern part of French Indian zhina. Based on this, Japan will be able to easily occupy Singapore and Dutch East India, send troops to the American colony of the Philippines, and completely subvert the existing pattern in the Pacific region. The United States responded strongly to this by freezing all Japanese property in the United States and imposing an oil embargo. Although Japan was trying to reserve oil before, it only consumed for two years. Every day we wait, we will consume 1.2 million tons of oil in vain.
In the final stage of the negotiations, the idea of limited concessions to the United States was not supported in Japan, so that no understanding could be reached with the United States. There are only two options left for Japan, either to quit China and admit defeat; Either "going south"-you can cut off China's foreign aid and get oil and other materials from Southeast Asia. On 65438+February 1 day, the Japanese Imperial Parliament decided that "the United States has completely become the spokesman of Chiang Kai-shek". If no action is taken, "all the achievements since the Japanese-Qing War, the Russo-Japanese War and the China Incident will be wasted". On February 8, 65438, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor.
Judging from the course of the war between the United States and Japan, the United States gradually expanded its embargo against Japan and increased its aid to China with the aim of safeguarding its own interests. It is precisely because of Japan's reckless violation of American interests that the contradiction between the United States and Japan intensified and eventually war broke out. This is obviously not something that Hu Shi or any individual can "provoke".
Published on 2015-10-21