After the Western Jin Dynasty, the smoke of the Yangtze River dispersed, and Wang Jun's warships and Zu Chongzhi's "Thousand-Li Ships" came out one after another.
In the Song Dynasty, Xu Shipu's original skill of shooting boats entered the war with Wang Yanhui's boats and boats.
By the Ming Dynasty, the warship fleet on the Yangtze River had become unprecedented spectacular, and historical records recorded the discovery of warships, patrol boats, whistle boats, Shenzheng fireboats, three-board boats, eagle boats, chain boats, double-headed boats, tiger boats, wave boats, simple and convenient boats, mother and child boats, etc. 12.
The main types of Yangtze River warships are described as follows:
Shipbuilding: it is the main warship of the water army. During the Western Jin Dynasty, the captain 173 was 66 meters wide and 30 meters high, with five floors up and down, which could carry more than 3,000 sailors. Below the deck is the power floor, and two side walls are equipped with paddles, which can accommodate hundreds of soldiers to paddle hard. Above the deck is the battle layer, surrounded by armor, and the wallboard is perforated for archers to attack. This warship can be attacked and retreated, which is equivalent to a modern aircraft carrier.
Zhou Huang: It's the ship of the commander-in-chief of the water army. It is huge, towering from beginning to end, and can generally carry more than a thousand soldiers. The ship is equipped with a tower for the sentry to watch, observe the enemy situation or signal the sentry to wave the flag and convey the commander's orders, which is equivalent to a modern command ship.
Large, medium and small wings: it is an offensive warship of the water army. The bow of the ship is high, and the blue-faced beast is painted on the water to scare the enemy. The large wing is15m long and 3m wide, with three floors. Paddling at the bottom and attacking at the top two levels can carry more than 90 soldiers, which is equivalent to heavy armored vehicles in modern land warfare. The middle wing is slightly smaller, carrying more than 60 soldiers, which is equivalent to a light armored vehicle in modern land warfare. The winglet is smaller, carrying only 10 people, faster and more flexible to drive, which is equivalent to giving two thumbs up in the land war.
Military boat: it is another main warship of the water army. This kind of ship is modified on the basis of civilian boats, that is, two single boats are spliced together, and the combat deck is paved with a width of more than 100 meters. "Fang 120 steps, with 2,000 people, take wood as the city, get up and go out, ride horses on the floor, and draw a bird and a monster on the bow to fear the river god."
Warship: it is a rapid reaction warship of various water forces. Medium length 108m, width 12? 3 meters, 22 meters high? 5 meters. This warship is characterized by adopting a brand-new power device and using mechanical principles. On the left and right sides of the ship, there are two waterwheels, and each waterwheel drives two wheels through the transmission of the rotating shaft. Each wheel is equipped with eight water-striking blades, and each blade is trampled and struck by four infantry wheels, just like flying, equivalent to a modern destroyer.
Row boat: a new type of boat put into use in Song Dynasty. The ship is equipped with new killing equipment, which is very aggressive. This instrument is called "racket". That is, a number of masts are erected on the ship, and a movable lever is horizontally connected at the top of the masts. One end of the lever extends out of the ship's side and huge stones are hung. The other end of the rope is connected with a pulley, which is operated by several non-commissioned officers. "Every time an enemy ship approaches, it will be hit with a racket and it will be broken." It is equivalent to a modern ship-to-ship missile launching boat.
In the ancient warship series, there are also sentry ships hiding close to the enemy, which attack in a "needle" shape and alternately cover the mother and son ships; Detachable tandem boats, two boats with rudders at both ends, two boats that can advance and retreat freely, light boats that land on the beach, etc. I won't go into details here.
In a word, since ancient times, the warships on the Yangtze River have a complete variety, a large number and good performance, showing the glorious history of China's military shipbuilding industry. Its large-scale construction took the hegemony of Wu Chu in the Warring States period as the first wave. At that time, Wu alone had more than 10000 warships, and it was common for a military operation to dispatch more than 1000 warships. The construction of warships took the Qing Dynasty as the last ebb and flow. During the Manchu dynasty, the Qing dynasty ruled the whole country, and the coastal defense was even weaker. Since then, the Yangtze River warship has withdrawn from the historical stage.
Second, Jingchu canoe fights in Huang Zhou.
The ancient warships of the Yangtze River were the product of the war between the warlords in slave society and feudal society in China. The warring sides, drinking horses along the Yangtze River, broke out in large-scale water wars again and again.
In 770 BC, the history of China entered the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The unified slave country was completely divided, bullying the weak, and the annexation war continued. The dominant basin in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is Chu State, which has established a powerful captain's navy by using Jianghan Chuanze's convenient waterway network and superb shipbuilding and navigation technology.
In 549 BC, Chu Zhuangwang sent 65,438+/kloc-0,000 sailors to Wu for the first time, and launched a duel with Wu Jun in the waters of Chaohu Lake in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In the first 545 years, Chu and Wu each dispatched warships 1000, and set out to fight on the battlefield in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Yukou, Anhui Province. The mighty river, with banners covering the sky and masts like forests, kills the sky and destroys the land. In this campaign, Wu's son was personally appointed as the commander-in-chief of the water army to defend the country. Wu Jun, because the ship commanded the battle, the soldiers were United, but they could not resist the well-trained and brave captain of the Chu ship. In particular, Chu's warships and ships are complete, with good performance and advanced combat equipment. Big wing, middle wing and winglet, like light and heavy tanks in modern land warfare, launched wave after wave of echelon attacks on Wujun Shuizhai, which were flexible and unstoppable. Although Huang Ship, the command ship commanded by Wu Guanggong, is invincible in armor, it is called "water barrier", but its speed is slow and its turn is not effective. Under the siege of countless large, medium and small wings, it was attacked between Scylla and Charybdis. Like an attacked ostrich, the boatman Yu Zhou hid his head instead of his tail, and was caught by Chu soldiers who jumped out to help him. Fortunately, my son escaped in a canoe during the scuffle.
In the first 504 years, in order to wash away family feuds and ethnic hatred, Wu sent a powerful shipmaster "six or seven hundred miles along the river" to crusade against the Chu navy, and captured more than 70 thousand soldiers under Pan, the commander-in-chief of the Chu army, and won a great victory. Since then, the battle between Chu and Wuzhou Division has temporarily sounded the golden bell jar and retreated.
Third, Zhou Yu burned the serial ship.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty lost power, and Cao Cao, the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, seized the emperor and won the Yangtze River valley. In the winter of 208 A.D., Cao Cao personally led the army of the Ministry of Water Affairs160,000, together with the 80,000 troops in Jingzhou, which was called the 830,000 army, and dispatched more than 2,000 warships from Jiangling to the east, with the striker pointing directly at the lair of the State of Wu. Sun Quan, the monarch of Wu State, and Zhuge Liang, the strategist of Shu State, formed the joint army of Sun Liu and Cao Yu. The warring parties * * * invested more than 300,000 troops and thousands of ships, setting out the battlefield on the river of Chibi Mountain in Jiayu County, Hubei Province. The two armies confronted each other across the bank for several days, with Sun Liulian in the south of the Yangtze River and Cao Jun Shuizhai in the north of the Yangtze River. A thousand ships are waiting, but people can't understand armour. The arrow is on the string, and the war is imminent.
Sometimes Zhuge Liang strategizes. According to the weakness that Cao Jun's foot soldiers are mostly northerners, they have not learned to fight in the water, are not used to living in the water, and are easy to get sick, which makes people offer a "serial" plan to Cao Cao. Cao Cao was really trapped, and people rushed to make iron chains and iron rings overnight. "Even ships are connected, end to end." Although they can ride horses and horses, they seriously lost the maneuverability of the ship in the melee. After Cao Jun was duped, Zhou Yu, commander-in-chief of Wu Jun, and Huang Gai conspired to trick Cao Jun into opening the village gate. On that day, Huang Gai led Meng Chong and 10 warships to repeatedly lower the flag at half mast, put reeds on it and fill it with oil at the appointed time. When he reached the water village in Cao Jun for more than two miles, he caught fire with the help of the southeast wind. The fire was very fierce. The ship, like an arrow leaving the string, burned up the north ship and landed on the shore. "The Cao Jun Navy was in chaos, thousands of serial warships fell into the sea of fire, and countless military forces were burned to death and drowned." Cao Cao led the army through Huarong Road. "
After Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Cao defeated Xuchang and called Wei; Liu Bei marched into Sichuan and Li Kang; Sun Quan sticks to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and counts Wu; Wei, Shu and Wu are divided into three parts. 〔8〕
Fourth, since Wang Jun came down from Yizhou with his towering ships.
In 256 AD (the first year of Taishi in the Western Jin Dynasty), with the fall of Shu, the situation of the Three Kingdoms in the early stage became hostile to the remnants of Wu.
In 272 AD, Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, wrote a letter to destroy Wu, unifying half of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In the spring of that year, Emperor Wu worshipped Wang Jun as the official of Yizhou, and recruited more than 0/000 craftsmen/kloc in Chengdu, Sichuan, to build ships and warships. Mature trees have been cut down in the square garden in Fiona Fang for more than 100 miles. The building built in Wang Jun is120m long, with walls and towers, four floors and a height of more than 30m, which can accommodate more than 2,000 non-commissioned officers. After five years of preparation, all the preparations for cutting Wu were completed. At this time, Sun Hao, located in Jinling (now Nanjing) in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, occupied the natural barrier of the Yangtze River on its own, unaware of the sawdust falling from the river during shipbuilding in the upper reaches.
In 279 AD, Emperor Wudi of Jin transferred 200,000 soldiers to attack Wu in six ways. Among them, Wang Jun, the first route of the Yangtze River, commanded an 80,000-story naval division, and went straight down from Yibin to Jinling.
In the first month of the following year, Wang Jun's fleet broke into the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River and was blocked by Goku, the satrap of Wu State. From Kuimen, the mouth of the Three Gorges, Yanwu blocked the river with a cup-thick chain on both sides of the river, forming a series of iron lock defense lines, and inserted iron cones in the channel along the way, trying to intercept the Wang Jun fleet. When Wang Jun heard the news, he stepped out of the cabin, only to find the Three Gorges Gorge, with Wan Ren on the top and thousands of feet water on the bottom. Between the two cliffs, the chain was locked by a river. He thought for a moment, and the sergeant quickly made a raft and braved the rolling stones pouring down from both sides of the Taiwan Strait to force his way. The soldiers melted the chains with torches, removed the iron locks that blocked the river, ran across the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River and reached Yichang, the gateway of Sichuan and Hubei.
In February of the same year, Wang Jun's 80,000-building ship navy captured Yichang, and all the way down the river, the horn sounded, "more than a hundred miles", and attacked along the way, even into Hankou and Wuchang. In March, when the enemy arrived at the gate of Jinling, Sun Hao, the king of Wu, saw the boat sailing downstream, the flag covered the sky, and the army was attacked on all sides, so he had to open the gate and throw himself on the ground. In this regard, the Tang Dynasty poet Liu Yuxi has a poem:
"Since Wang Jun drove his big ship down from Yizhou, the royal ghost in Nanjing has become haggard.
The long Zhang Qian chain sank to the bottom of the river, and a flag was lowered on the stone wall. "
After the fall of Jinling, the world returned to gold, China was unified for just half a century, and the society was peaceful.
Five, Yang Yao car battle Dongting
At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the royal family was left-leaning and tyrannical, which increased the burden on the people in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and intensified class contradictions.
1 130 (four years of jianyan) In the early summer, Hunan farmer Zhong Xiang gathered to expose and criticize the uprising and was killed by the official Kong Yanzhou. Yang Yao, another leader of this peasant uprising army, followed closely, climbing high and shouting, leading the uprising army to persist in the struggle. The rebels occupied the cave.
On the basis of Tinghu Lake, 30 solid sheds were built, "standing on the ground, facing the water and facing the shore of the ship." The struggle was directed at the Southern Song Dynasty. The dynasty was frightened again and again, and urgently dispatched heavy warships to suppress Yang Yao's rebels.
In the spring of 1 132, Guan Jun, the commander-in-chief of vehicles and ships, led two warships, eight boats and 20 boats, and set out from Jinling all the way to the west, waving flags and shouting to suppress the Dongting Lake area. At this point, Yang Yao's rebel army has been ready in the eight hundred-mile Dongting, setting tight encirclement for disposal. As soon as the loyalist fleet entered the ambush ring, the horn sounded in the hiding place. In an instant, ShaSheng everywhere, arrows like locusts. Hundreds of wooden paddles poured in from all directions. Rebel soldiers drove canoes, armed with bows and spears, and surrounded the vehicles and ships of government forces, so that the government forces could not resist.
The victory of the rebels boosted morale. Hundreds of boats were copied, and 36 boats "Dadeshan" with the largest ship type and power in the history of boats were built, each with 24 boats, which can carry more than 1000 people. Each ship and boat is also equipped with a rod striking device, which is made of a big mast with a height of more than ten meters, with a boulder at the top and a rotating shaft running through its lock neck at the bottom. When the official ship approaches, the pole will be smashed upside down. "In the vast Dongting Lake area, Yang Yao's rebel army set up a huge fleet of ships and boats, raised the idealistic banner of" equal wealth ",and vowed not to * * * the Southern Song Dynasty.
In A.D.113311year, the court of the Southern Song Dynasty sent Cui Zeng. He once commanded 30,000 navy divisions and nearly 100 warships to carry out long-distance raids on Dongting Lake area. Yang Yao rebels fought bravely; Ships and ships are desperately approaching the enemy, ships are chasing, and people are fighting. With the huge stones hanging on the top of the racket shaft falling in the air, the sound of thunder is endless, and the loyalist ship is destroyed. But when I saw the 800-mile Dongting, the drums were deafening and the killing was deafening. The body was lying in the lake, and the blood stained the lake red. In this campaign, Yang Yao's rebel army won a great victory, and more than 0/0000 people were wiped out by Cui Zeng, the leader of the loyalist army. 〔 10〕
The battle between Yang Yao's vehicle and boat and Dongting sounded the death knell of the Southern Song Dynasty.