Meng Qi, a scholar with both civil and military skills, is a great hero. He is a disciple of Fu Hepeng (Ying Bu He) and wants to compete with Yide (Zhang Fei) for the six books of the Three Kingdoms.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms: Ma Chao, whose name is Meng Qi, is a trainer of Maoling people in Fufeng, the son of Ma Teng, and one of the five generals in Shu and Han dynasties. He wore a white helmet and a white robe, nicknamed "Jin". After Cao Cao trapped and killed Ma Teng, Ma Chao retaliated against Xiliang soldiers, killed Cao Cao and abandoned his robes. In the Weihe River War, Chu Xu was a "tiger idiot"; Later, Cao Cao and Han Sui fell out of harmony, and went to Zhang Lu to fight with Zhang Fei. But he was framed by Zhang Lu and surrendered to Liu Bei, forcing Liu Zhang to surrender to Liu Bei and worship General Pingxi, and was later promoted to General Left. After Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, he worshipped Ma Chao as a general in title of generals in ancient times, and was also a Liangzhou shepherd, guarding the western regions alone. Ma Chao died at the age of 47 and has been pursuing Wei Hou ever since. Ma Chao's martial arts is very high, and his cavalry is cool, which makes Cao Cao Jun afraid. Later, it was called "before Lu Bu, after Ma Chao" by the Three Kingdoms.
According to the records in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Ma Chao, whose name is Meng Qi, was born in Maoling. Ma Chao's father, Ma Teng, started an uprising with Xizhou Bianzhang and Han Sui in the last years of Emperor Ling of Han Dynasty. In the third year of Chuping (the title of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty), Marten and Han Sui led the troops into Chang 'an. At that time, the Han court (in order to win them over) sealed General Han Sui's town west (in Jincheng and Lanzhou). Ma Teng was appointed as the general of the Western Expedition and stationed in Yan County. At that time, Marten attacked Chang 'an again (Li Jue and others). The result was defeated and returned to Liangzhou. (Cao Cao was in power) When Zhong You was sent to Chang 'an as a military attache to control the Guanzhong area, Zhong You wrote letters to Han Sui and Marten respectively, stating their interests (solving the contradiction between Korea and Malaysia). Ma Teng sent his eldest son, Ma Chao, to lead an army to help Zhong You to crusade against Gao Qian and Guoyuan (Yuan Shao's subordinate) in Pingyang. In this battle, Ma Chao's department, Pound, killed the enemy general Guo Yuan. Later, Marten clashed with Han Sui, and Marten requested to return to the two capitals (at that time, the imperial capital was Xuchang, and the two capitals here should refer to Yecheng). Because of this, Marten was named Wei Wei (the official in charge of the imperial guard in Beijing, one of the nine Qing), and Ma Chao took over Marten's army, worshipped Ma Chao as a partial general, and sealed the capital Hou Ting.
According to Historical Records Biography of Matenzi Shoucheng, Matenzi Shoucheng is a descendant of Ma Yuan, a famous Eastern Han Dynasty star. During the reign of Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty, Marten's father (Ma Su) was a master. He was a county marshal in Tianshui County at that time. Later, when he lost his official position, he stayed in Longxi and lived with the Qiang people. Because of his poor family and no wife, he married a woman from A Qiang and gave birth to Marten. When Ma Teng was a child, he was very poor and had no industry, so he often cut down trees from Zhangshan and sold them in the city for a living. Marten is more than eight feet tall, burly and handsome in face and nose, but he is generous and sincere, so many people respect him. In the last years of Emperor Ling of Han Dynasty, Geng Bi, then the secretariat of Liangzhou, appointed many corrupt officials, which led to the rebellion of the People's Kingdom under Liangzhou and the Qiang people (when there was a riot and the Yellow Scarf Uprising in Shandong). So Liangzhou recruited warriors from the people to crusade against the rebellion. Marten was drafted into the army. Recruiting officials thought Ma Teng was different from ordinary people, so they asked him to be a soldier to engage in training and lead troops. Marten was promoted to be the Army Sima, later to be the partial general (probably after Marten's "rebellion"), and then to be the general of Xiliang, stationed between Fuyang (county name, in today's Shaanxi Province, now called Qianyang) and Gansu (the junction of Gansu and Shaanxi). About in the first year of Pingping (* * * six years), the court also worshipped Ma Teng as a general to levy the East. At that time, the harvest in the west was not good. Marten told the court that the troops had no food and wanted to buy food and grass in Chiyang, so they moved to Changping. However, the garrison commander Wang Cheng (stationed nearby) thought Marten was going to oppose him, so he attacked Marten's troops. At that time, Ma Teng just came out, and the troops were not prepared for the battle, and they fled to the west (Liangzhou) after being defeated. Just then, Sanfu area fell into a melee (Li Guo paid the soldiers), and Marten did not return to the east (to Sanfu). However, Han Sui, the general of Zhenxi, became a half-brother. At first, they were very close, but later they became enemies because their men invaded each other. Marten attacked Han Sui and Han Sui failed. Then Han Sui rallied and killed Ma's wife and son. Since then, they have been at war for years and are inextricably linked. (After Cao Cao came to power) In the early years of Jian 'an of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, the situation was chaotic because the states did not follow the rules of the imperial court. The imperial court (Cao Cao) sent Zhong You, a captain, and Duan Wei, the father of Wei Kang, a Liangzhou animal husbandry (appointed by Cao Cao), to mediate between Han Sui and Marten and make them cease fire. Let Ma Teng go back (Fufeng County), worship him as a former general (at this time, Liu Bei is a left general), have a holiday (have certain power over the three auxiliary areas), and seal the (county) Hou. Marten has been in power in Li Huai for more than ten years. He strengthened the defense against Hu people, trained cavalry, promoted talents, guaranteed people's lives and won the love of Sanfu people. Ten years after Jian 'an (it should be fifteen years after Jian 'an), the court (Cao Cao) appointed Ma Teng as Wei, and Ma Teng thought he was old, so he "stayed in Wei". (Note: Living in a hostel means living in the capital, and there is no official title. In this case, Cao Cao actually tricked Marten into the capital and imprisoned him. )
After Ma Chao commanded Marten's troops, he immediately wooed Han Sui, formed an alliance with Yang Qiu, Li Kan and Cheng Yi, and attacked Tongguan. When Cao Cao talked with Han Sui and Ma Chao in Tongguan War, Ma Chao thought of taking Cao Cao alive by surprise because of his high martial arts, while Xu Chuxiu next to Cao Cao stared at Ma Chao, apparently aware of Ma Chao's intention. So Ma Chao gave up his plan to attack Cao Cao. Finally, Cao Cao used Jia Xu's plan to alienate Ma Chao and Han Sui, and the two sides were suspicious of each other, so ten allied forces were defeated.
The Story of Yang Shan's Duke Zai said: When Cao Cao's army (sending Huang Xu and Zhu Ling) wanted to cross the Yellow River westward at Pubanjin (Yellow River Ferry), Ma Chao said to Han Sui: "We should stop Cao Jun (crossing the river) north of Weishui. In less than twenty days, (Huang Xujun) east of the Yellow River will run out of food and grass, and they will only be defeated. " Han Sui said, "I will. Under the compromise, Ma Chao's plan was finally not implemented. Later, Cao Cao listened to Ma Chao's plan and said, "If Ma Chao doesn't die, there will be no place to bury him after I die! "
Ma Chao fled to Zhu Rong, and when Cao Cao pursued stability, he just came back with his army when something happened in the north. At that time, yangfu said to Cao Cao: Ma Chao has the fighting capacity of Han Xin and Ying Bu, and is very supported by Qiang Hu. If the army goes back and does not strictly control Ma Chao, then the counties in Gansu will fall into the hands of Superman. Later, Ma Chao really made a comeback, led Zhu Rong to capture counties in Gansu, and counties in Gansu joined Ma Chao one after another. Ma Chao killed Wei Kang, the secretariat of Liangzhou, occupied Ji Cheng and took over Ji Cheng's army. Ma Chao appointed himself as the general of the Western Expedition (Ma Teng was dead at this time, and Ma Chao led the army to the Western Expedition, which shows that he inherited his father's ambition), commanding the state animal husbandry and supervising the Liangzhou military department. Wei Kang's old men yangfu, Jiang Xu, Zhao Qu and others conspired to attack Ma Chao. Yangfu and Jiang Xu set out from Lucheng, and Ma Chao went out of the city to attack and failed to lay down; When I came back, Liang Kuan and Zhao Qu had successfully rebelled and closed the gates of Ji Cheng, and Ma Chao had lost Ji Cheng. In a dilemma, Zhang Lu can only run to Hanzhong. But Zhang Lu was not an ideal host, so he appeased Ma Chao in a small town (city). When Ma Chao heard that Liu Bei was besieging Chengdu, he secretly wrote to Liu Bei and surrendered to him.
It is said in The Compendium: In the 16th year of Jian 'an, Ma Chao rebelled with ten generals in Guanzhong. The candidates were Yin Cheng, Li Kan, Zhang Heng, Liang Xing, Cheng Yi, Ma Wan, Yang Qiu and Han Sui, with a total strength of 100,000. * * * and the Yellow River, which is holed up at the junction of Tongguan, set up a battalion. In this year, Cao Cao made a Western Expedition and fought with Ma Chao and other allied forces at the junction of the Yellow River and Weishui. Ma Chao and others finally lost. Ma Chao fled to Anding, and Han Sui fled back to Liangzhou. Chao Ting (Cao Cao) issued a decree to kill all Ma Chao's relatives in Yecheng. Ma Chao was defeated in Gansu (by yangfu and others). Later, when Ma Chao was in Hanzhong, Zhang Lu asked Ma Chao to take the post of "Let's talk about wine offering". And I want to marry my daughter to Ma Chao and let her be together. At this time, someone said to Zhang Lu, "Some people don't even care about their relatives. Can they take care of others? " In other words, even if Zhang Lu married her daughter to Ma Chao, Ma Chao would not be so obedient to Zhang Lu, so Zhang Lu gave up the idea of marrying her daughter to Ma Chao. When Ma Chao didn't rebel against Cao Cao, one of his concubines and younger brothers named Zi stayed in Sanfu. By the time Ma Chao was defeated and returned to Hanzhong, Zi had already arrived in Hanzhong. On the right day, Ma Chao came to pay New Year's greetings. Ma Chao beat his chest and vomited blood, saying, "More than 100 people died in my family one day. What can we congratulate today? " Later, Ma Chao repeatedly asked Zhang Lu for funds for military forces and wanted to capture Liangzhou. Zhang Lu finally reluctantly agreed to Ma Chao and sent some soldiers to Ma Chao, but the plan to take Liangzhou north failed. Plus Zhang Lu's men and others crowd out D, for fear that capable D will surpass their position. Ma Chao finally fled Zhang Lu, fled from Wudu to a place where Miao people lived in compact communities, and then switched to Liu Bei. This year is the nineteenth year of Jian 'an.
Chen Shou's original text: Liu Bei sent someone to meet Ma Chao, and Ma Chao led the troops to the gates of Chengdu. Liu Zhang and others in the city were frightened and immediately surrendered to Liu Bei. "Dian lue" said: Liu Bei heard that Ma Chao was going to defect to him and said happily: I can get Yizhou this time. So he sent someone to meet Ma Chao and sent troops to Ma Chao. After Ma Chao arrived in Chengdu, he led the troops to the north of the city, and Chengdu surrendered in less than ten days. So Liu Bei named Ma Chao as the general of the day, in charge of Lin Ju, and the title was still extended to the Duke of Hou Ting who was sealed in front of him by the court.
The Story of Yang Shan's Gongzai said: When Ma Chao spoke to Liu Bei, he often called Liu Bei "Xuande" instead of "Master" because Liu Bei treated him very well. Guan Yu was very angry and told Liu Bei that he would kill Ma Chao. Liu Bei said to Guan Yu, "People come to me when they are desperate. You're angry because he called my name and you want to kill them. How can I tell the world (will the world come to me again? Zhang Fei said, "If that's the case, let's give him a demonstration and give him a warning. "The next day, many people got together, Ma Chao was invited, and they stood side by side with knives. Ma Chao came in to see the seat, but Zhang Guan didn't sit down, but stood there with a knife. Ma Chao was frightened and never called Liu Bei directly again. The next day Ma Chao sighed and said, "Now I finally know why I failed. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei almost killed him because of the word "Lord". " Since then, Ma Chao has great respect for Liu Bei. (Pei Songzhi himself is rather skeptical about the quoted passage) and writes the reason for his suspicion: According to common sense, how could Ma Chao be so arrogant as to come to Liu Bei and call himself his master when he was desperate? And when Liu Bei entered Shu, Guan Yu was left to guard Jingzhou, and Guan Yu had never been to Yizhou. Guan Yu had never been to Yizhou, so he wrote to Zhuge Liang and asked, "What is Ma Chao's ability ..." If he had been to Yizhou, it would be impossible to write this letter. Then how could Guan Yu stand there? When doing something, most people think it can be done, but if they know it can't be done, they won't do it. If Ma Chao really accidentally called Liu Bei Xuande and let Guan Yu kill Ma Chao, Ma Chao should not know in advance. So when you saw Zhang Guan standing with a knife, how did you know it was because his name was Liu Bei Xuande? Not to mention that Ma Chao was almost killed by Zhang Zhang! It is hard to believe that the books written by Fun and others are full of filth and falsehood.
When Liu Bei was the king of Hanzhong, he worshipped Ma Chao as the left general and gave him the right to have a holiday. In the first year of Zhangwu (Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor), Ma Chao was promoted to a title of generals in ancient times, and he was in charge of Liangzhou as a shepherd, and his title was also promoted to a township official (from Hou Ting to Hou Xiang). When I paid my respects to the general (an ancient general), I wrote in the imperial edict: "I (I, Liu Bei) was in despair (because Emperor Xiandi was still alive at that time, and I was named a general by Wei. Cao Cao and his son, who have been guilty for many years, are as sad and worried as if they were ill. The world is very angry and wants to return to the fundamental right path. For the admiration of the Qiang people and the surrounding ethnic minorities, I appointed you because you (Ma Chao) have great appeal in the north and your strength has been demonstrated. Let you show your courage, monitor the vast area and save the people's difficulties. Moreover, combine the kindness and prestige of the imperial court, reward and punishment are carefully executed according to law, and let them feel the happiness under the rule of the Han Dynasty. " Ma Chao died in the second year of Zhangwu (the death of a scholar-bureaucrat is called a pawn) at the age of 47. Ma Chao wrote to Liu Bei before he died: "More than 200 people in my family (except my own small family) were killed by Cao Cao, leaving only my cousin Ma Dai. Let him be the heir of my clan, and I will entrust him to your majesty. Nothing else. " In Liu Chan, Ma Chao was awarded the title of "Wei Hou", and Ma Cheng, Ma Chao's son, inherited his title of "Back Lane". Ma Dai later became General Pingbei, and was named as the Hou of Chencang (Pavilion). Ma Chao's daughter married Liu Li, the third son of Liu Bei, the king of Anping.
Dian lue says that when Ma Chao entered Shu, his second wife, Dong Shi, and his son, Ma Qiu, stayed in Zhang Lu. After Zhang Lu lost to Cao Cao, Cao Cao got Dong Shi and Ma Qiu, gave Dong Shi to Yan Pu, gave Ma Qiu to Zhang Lu, and let Zhang Lu kill Ma Qiu himself.