Shang dynasty: about 1559 BC-about 1046 BC, a total of 438 years.
Zhou dynasty: about 65438 BC+0046 BC-256 BC, divided into the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was divided into the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, totaling 867 years.
Qin dynasty: 2265438 BC+0-206 BC. Before 22 1 year BC, Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, unified the six countries and became the emperor, for a total of 16 years.
Western Chu: From 206 BC to 202 BC, Xiang Yu, the overlord of western Chu, was in power for five years.
Western Han Dynasty: 202 BC-8 AD, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, a total of 2 10 years.
New Dynasty: From the twelfth month of the eighth year AD to October 6th of the twenty-third year AD, the new emperor Wang Mang founded the Emperor Xing, totaling 16.
Xuanhan: In 23-25 AD, Liu Xuan, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, was replaced for three years.
Eastern Han Dynasty: A.D. 25-220, Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, 196.
Three Kingdoms: 220-280 AD, Wei, Shu and Wu Dingli, totaling 6 1 year.
Jin Dynasty: A.D. 265-420, divided into Western Jin Dynasty (265-3 16) and Eastern Jin Dynasty (3 17-420), with a total of 156.
Southern and Northern Dynasties: 420-589 AD, total: 170.
Sui Dynasty: A.D. 58 1- A.D. 6 18, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, a total of 38 years.
Tang Dynasty: A.D. 6 18-907, Li Yuan, Tang Gaozu, a total of 290 years.
Five Dynasties: 907-960, Hou Liang, Later Tang Dynasty, Later Jin Dynasty, Later Han Dynasty and Later Zhou Dynasty, a total of 54 years.
Ten countries: 89 1-979, a total of 89 years.
Song Dynasty: 960- 1279, divided into Northern Song Dynasty (960- 1 127) and Southern Song Dynasty (1 1279), with a total of 320 years.
Yuan Dynasty: A.D. 127 1-1368, Genghis Khan, Yuan Taizu, a total of 98 years.
Ming Dynasty: A.D. 1368- 1644, Zhu Yuanzhang, Emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty, a total of 277 years.
Qing Dynasty: A.D. 1644- 19 12, the Qing Taizu Aixinjue Luo Nuerhachi, a total of 268 years.
China has a long history and complicated dynasties. The first thing the founder of each dynasty should do is to establish the name of the country, that is, the name of the dynasty, which is called the name of the dynasty for short.
There are five reasons for the names of dynasties: the names from tribes and tribal alliances, the original divinatory symbols and the titles of founders; Originated in the area ruled by the original regime of the founder; Originated from clan relationship; It means good luck.
The names of Chinese dynasties and their origins;
1, Xia: It is said that Yu was blocked because people used to call his regime "Xia". According to the records of historians, the son of Yu was called "Xia" only after he moved westward to Daxia (Fenyue area in the south of Shanxi).
2. Shang: According to legend, the ancestor of Shang (now Shangqiu South, Henan Province) helped Yu to control the water, and was named the Lord of the Nation by Shang. Later, Shang was called his tribe. When the soup goes out, it is in the name of "Shang". After Pan Geng moved to Yin (now Anyang, Henan), he was also called Yin or Yin Shang.
3. Zhou: When the Zhou tribe arrived at Gu Gong's father, they moved to (now Qishan, Shaanxi). After the Yin Dynasty was destroyed, Zhou was taken as the name of the dynasty. At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, its capital was established in Gao (now southwest of Shaanxi), and then it was moved from Pingdong to Luoyi (now Luoyang, Henan). Because it is in the east of Gaozhi, it is called "Western Zhou" and "Eastern Zhou".
4. Qin: According to historical records, this is an ancient tribe. Its leader, the concubine, raised a horse for Zhou, who made outstanding contributions. He was named "Won" by Zhou Ci, and was given a small piece of land (now Tianshui County, Gansu Province, also known as Longxiyu). Later, Xiang saved Zhou Yougong and was made a vassal. Qin Shihuang unified the six countries and established the State of Qin.
5. Han: Xiang Yu named Liu Bang Hanwang, and the fief was in Hanzhong. After Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu and unified China, the title was "Han". Chang 'an was the capital of the early Han Dynasty, and Luoyang was the capital of the later Han Dynasty. Therefore, there are "Western Han Dynasty" and "Eastern Han Dynasty" in the capital, and "pre-Han Dynasty" and "post-Han Dynasty" in time.
6. New: the dynasty created by Wang Mang? The meaning of country name "new": the original meaning of new is to change the old and update. In the late Western Han Dynasty, under the domination of the theory of "five virtues", there appeared a trend of thought in social politics that new virtues replaced old virtues.
In this context, Wang Mang claimed to be the spokesperson of Xinde, "innovating from Han and reviving from Liu", and finally completed the process of "being replaced" on behalf of Han Dynasty. Han is a fire virtue, a soil virtue, and Wang Mang is a soil virtue, claiming to be "entrusted to the first emperor after being admitted to the Yellow Emperor". According to the principle that the five elements are mutually generated, the fire virtue is replaced by earth virtue, which is intended to be passed on from Chi Di to the Yellow Emperor by destiny.
7. Wei: Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty once named Cao Cao "Duke Wei" and "Wang Wei", and Cao Pi was called "Wei" after the Han Dynasty. Cao was given a title by the royal family and was also called "Cao Wei" in history. Cao Cao, posthumous title and Wei Wudi.
8. Shu: Liu Bei takes Sichuan as the activity area, and Shu refers to Sichuan, and his regime is called "Shu". Also known as "Shu Han" in history. Chinese refers to the continuation of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Wu: Sun Quan lives in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In history, when Wu was founded, Cao Wei named Sun Quan as "King of Wu", so it was called "Sun Wu" in history. Because it is located in the East, it is also called "Soochow".
10, Jin: forced the Wei emperor to make him the "Duke of Jin". After the destruction of Shu, he became the king of Jin. Later, his son inherited his title, forcing Wei Emperor to abdicate and stand on his own feet as emperor, with the title of "Jin".
1 1, Sui: Yang Zhong, the father of Emperor Emperor Wen of Sui of Sui Dynasty, was once named "Qi Huangong" by the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Emperor Wendi later adopted this title, which was called "chasing the DPRK". He thinks that the meaning of "go with you" may be changed to "follow", which is ominous.
12, Tang: Li Yuan's grandfather was named "Duke Tang" and his title was passed on to Li Yuan. After the uprising in Taiyuan, Li Yuan claimed to be the "King of the Tang Dynasty", and later abandoned You Yang to build the Tang Dynasty.
13, Liao: Liao was originally named "Qidan", and Qidan is a surname. Because of living in the upper reaches of Liaohe River, it was changed to "Liao".
14, Song Dynasty: After Emperor Gong succeeded to the throne in the later Zhou Dynasty, he was appointed as a German stationed in Songzhou (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) and a military envoy in Songzhou. Therefore, after the mutiny, Chen Qiao made his fortune in Songzhou and was named "Song".
15, Xixia: Tuoba Sigong occupied Zhou Xia (now Hengshan County, Shaanxi Province), which was named "Daxia" after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Because in the west, the Song people called it "Xixia".
16, Gold: Golden City is located in Ning, Jing Hui (now Acheng South of Heilongjiang Province), and is said to be aquatic gold. The word "gold" of Jurchen is "pressing the tiger".
17, Yuan: According to Yuan Shi, the name of Yuan was decided by Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu. It is the "Yuan" in the sentence "Great Gan Yuan" in the Book of Changes, which means great and first. However, some people think it is related to Mongolian customs and totems, while others think it is related to Buddhism.
18, Ming Dynasty: Zhu Yuanzhang was one of the insurgents in the late Yuan Dynasty, which was developed by inheriting Guo Zixing, and Guo Zixing belonged to An Baili School. The White Lotus Sect declared that "darkness is about to pass, and light is coming" to inspire people to oppose the rule of the dark Yuan Dynasty. Therefore, it is also called the Illuminati. Han called him "Wang Ming" (his son called him "Wang Xiaoming"), which reflected his purpose.
Zhu Yuanzhang not only once believed in religion, but also admitted that he was a member of the rebel army (once deputy marshal Zuo). After Zhu Yuanzhang came to power, the title of the country was "Ming".
19, Qing dynasty: Manchu is a branch of Jurchen nationality. The Jurchen nationality established the Jin State in the Northern Song Dynasty. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Jurchen forces regained their strength and rebuilt the State of Jin (the later Jin Dynasty). In order to expand outward, the late Jin Dynasty severed its vassal relationship with the Ming Dynasty. Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty changed "Nuzhen" to "Manchuria" and "Jin" to "Qing".
In the Song Dynasty, Jurchen was controlled by the Khitans. His generation pointed out that the word "Liao" means "iron" in the Khitan language, so it was named "Jin", which means it is stronger than iron and can overwhelm "Liao". There are different opinions on the reasons why "Jin" changed to "Qing". Some people think that Huang Taiji wants to avoid causing sharp contradictions.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia of Chinese historical dynasties