I was born in Zhuo Jun (Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province). When he came to Zhou Shizong, he was ordered to reorganize the imperial army and was loved by Baoze.
Two. Power: On his deathbed, Sejong was ordered to "check everything in front of the temple" and ordered the imperial court to ban the army, thus mastering the real power of the capital.
Iii proclaimed himself emperor
1 Chen Qiaoyi mutiny:
A background: After Zhou Shizong's death, the young master succeeded to the throne, and people's hearts floated.
What happened: In 960 AD, Chen Qiaoyi mutinied, proclaimed himself emperor, changed his country name to Song, and still lived in Bianjing.
Two reasons for success:
A holds the imperial power.
B thanks to the military culture since the late Tang dynasty.
Second, the basic national policy
First, the background of formulating national policy: Taizu's balance of domestic and international situations.
1 Foreign invasion is safe:
Yinan: the country is weak and unable to be an enemy of Song.
North: Mu Zong, the "sleeping king" of Liao Dynasty, was politically lazy.
2 internal crisis: the soldiers will be arrogant and there will be a mutiny crisis.
Two. National Policy: Decided to adopt (settle down first and then become rich abroad).
Three. Annie's policy: "Strong cadres and weak branches" is carried out from two aspects: (centralization) and (literati politics).
1 centralization: the policy of "respecting the king" was implemented, and the power was concentrated in the hands of the emperor.
1. Militarily, take over the military power:
A: Taking over the military power of the imperial army: satirizing the generals of the imperial army, such as Shi Shouxin, and others, and "relieving the military power with a glass of wine".
B. weakening the buffer:
1. financial power: financial power is transferred and managed through various channels.
2. Military and military forces: It is forbidden to establish our army and destroy its basic forces.
C reform the military system: select the best and strongest soldiers to station in Beijing, and take turns to station in places. No one will have soldiers.
Others, old, weak and sick, are only for local chores.
Politically: reducing relative rights;
An exercise:
65438+
Stage; Discuss things by consensus.
2. The military department belongs to the Tang Dynasty: together with the prime minister, it is called the "second palace".
3. Finance belongs to three secretaries:
The abbot department, the salt and iron department and the branch department are in charge, and they are under the general jurisdiction of the three departments, with the number "phase calculation".
4. warn officials and censors to check and balance power: you can impeach the ruling without being condemned by empirical evidence.
B. Impact:
1. The three provinces system is nominal.
2. The opposition between remonstrating officials and those in power has aroused a political wave and triggered a party struggle.
2. Carry out literati politics:
Measure:
A, promote learning, explain Confucianism, and make music.
B polite reader:
1. Establish a family law that does not kill ministers and officials.
2. A large number of civil servants have replaced military attache.
3. Broaden the examination field and hire outstanding scholars.
4 improve the treatment of scholars, exempt from labor, and enjoy special grace in the trial.
B effect: there are few civil strife, and most disasters come from the frontier.
Three. unification of a country
1. Strategy: Cooperate with Anne's policy and adopt the strategy of "easy first, then difficult".
Ii passing by
1 Song Taizu: The Northern Han Dynasty in the north relied on Liao's assistance, so it first used troops against the southern countries. publish
Nanping, Houshu, Nanhan and Nantang.
2 Song Taizong:
A five mountains.
B Destroying the Northern Han Dynasty: Emperor Taizong personally conquered Liao reinforcements before advancing into Taiyuan.
One meaning: to end the five dynasties and ten countries' separatist regime and complete the great cause of reunification.
Ⅲ Duration: China was unified in the 17th year of Song Dynasty (963-979).
Fourth, the reasons for success
1 separatist countries do not value force.
The army in Song Dynasty was strong.
Song was kind to those who surrendered.
V. Territory
1 unified territory of the Song Dynasty;
From the north to the present, the central part of Hebei Province and the northern part of Shanxi Province border on Liaoning.
B west to Longdong, bordering Xia and Tubo.
C southwest was blocked by Yunnan and rejected by Dali.
Significance: Therefore, the territory of the early Song Dynasty was mainly in the central and southern regions, which was much smaller than that of the Han and Tang Dynasties.
Section 2 Relationship between Song Dynasty and Liao and Xia Dynasties
First, the rise of Liaoxia
First, the rise of the Liao Dynasty
1 Origin: The Liao Dynasty, formerly known as Qidan, belonged to the Donghu nationality and originally lived in the upper reaches of Liaohe River (north of Jehol).
Two reasons for the growth of strength:
After the Anshi Rebellion, a Han Chinese took refuge.
B promoting sinicization: Yelv took advantage of the collapse of the Uighur kingdom and took the opportunity to rise.
Imitating the cultural relics of the Han people has greatly increased its power.
3. Founding of the People's Republic of China: Baoji broke the traditional tribal alliance system, unified the Khitan, and proclaimed himself emperor at the end of the Liang Dynasty.
In 9 16 AD, he proclaimed himself emperor, with Huang Lin as his capital, which was the Liao Taizu.
4 expansion:
A Liao Taizu's East-West Expansion:
A land expansion: during the reign of Taizu, he took the Turkish homeland in the west and destroyed the Bohai country in the east.
(Bohai Kingdom was originally named Zhen State, and was named the king of Bohai County during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. )
B status: it was the largest power in East Asia at that time; After arriving in Tangzhuang, it was done with the courtesy of an uncle.
B Liao Taizong marched south:
A The first time: Emperor Taizong Deguang helped Shi Jingtang establish the late Jin Dynasty and won sixteen states.
B The second time: I wanted to be the emperor of China after the downfall of the Jin Dynasty, but because the resistance of the Han people failed, I took my troops back to the north.
C Impact: The national defense line in northern China was opened from then on, which had a great impact on China's security from then on.
The conflict between Liao and Song Dynasty.
The rise of ⅱ summer
Race 1: Xia is a country founded by Dangxiang Qiang, which is also called Xixia because it is located in the northwest of Song Dynasty.
2 Give the last name:
A At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Li was the surname and the minister belonged to China.
Song Dynasty: He helped Song Taizong attack the Northern Han Dynasty and changed his surname to Zhao.
3 for chaos: my brother refuses to accept the move, according to Liao chaos. Song and Xia are naturally very upset.
Second, the Song and Liao Wars
First, Song Taizu is dominated by peace: there has been no serious conflict in Song and Liao Dynasties for twenty years.
Second, the Northern Expedition of Song Taizong
1 Background: Destroy the Northern Han Dynasty and unify China.
Purpose: I want to win and recover the lost land in Yanyun.
3 War:
Battle of Gaolianghe:
A: After four years of peaceful revival, Emperor Taizong personally signed the expedition and Liao was ordered to take over the Gaoliang River.
B Result: Song Jun failed, and Emperor Taizong was injured by a flowing arrow, so he was saved.
Battle of Yiqi Gouguan:
One reason: In the third year of Emperor Taizong, the Song Dynasty was ruled by the mistress of Liao, and there was a gap to take advantage of, so he ordered to go north.
B Result: It was defeated by Qigou Pass in the southwest of Zhuozhou (Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province) and suffered heavy casualties.
C influence: From then on, Song was looked down upon by Liao people and dared not go north.
ⅲ Song Zhenzong invaded southern Liaoning.
1 Reason: Liao had no rule of law in the Song Dynasty, but under its governance, the country was extremely prosperous and needed to seek benefits from the Song Dynasty urgently.
2 Time: the first year of Jingdezhen, Song Zhenzong (A.D. 1004).
What happened: Liao soldiers invaded the south on a large scale, reaching the Buddhist temple, which is only 300 miles away from Bianjing. The court argued over moving the capital to negotiate peace.
Result: We formed an alliance with Yuanyuan.
One origin: Kou Zhun, the prime minister, urged the true people to make an expedition, and Song Jun's morale was greatly boosted, and he defeated the Liao army forward. Peace talks between the two sides.
B content:
A song lost 100 thousand taels of silver and 200 thousand silks.
B is about the country of Brother (Song) and Brother (Liao).
The border between the two countries is Baigou River (Juma River in Hebei Province).
Impact:
A century of peace: it is of great help to the continuous development of mutual trade.
B Destroying Liao: Liao claimed border land from Song Dynasty many times, which was hated by Song people, and finally joined forces with Jin to destroy Liao.
Third, the Song and Xia Dynasties and the war.
Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, bandits plundered endlessly: Xixia rebelled against Liao, and Song adopted the policy of appeasement, with little effect.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), there were many difficulties.
1 Founder: Zhao Yuanhao, Xiong Yi, there is a general idea that the country is rich and the people are strong.
Location: It is reported that there are most of Ningxia, Shaanxi, Gansu and other provinces.
3 Time: In Song Renzong (1038), Yuan Hao was called the Emperor of the Great Summer.
Capital: Xingqing (Yinchuan City, Ningxia).
5. Song and War:
A, the first Song Renzong after the war:
Invasion year after year: Song Jun fought and lost, Han Qi and Fan Zhongyan fought hard, and the defense began to solidify.
B Song-Xia peace talks: Yuan Hao suffered heavy casualties, suffered from famine, and his national strength declined, coveting Song coins and making peace.
B Song Shenzong when cutting summer:
One reason: During the reign of Song Shenzong, civil strife occurred in summer, and the Song Dynasty wanted to destroy it, so it launched an army to discuss it.
B Result: In summer, cavalry were used to copy grain lanes and river water was used for irrigation. Song Jun was completely destroyed.
C influence: From then on, the Song Dynasty was powerless to Xia, and Xia was also trapped.
Iii Xixia ending: in the Southern Song Dynasty, Xia was enfeoffed by Jin; And that rise of Mongolia.
Ⅳ Suffering from Xiqiao: It is related to the following factors.
1 Excellent terrain: Shaqi is controlled in the north, Hexi is eaten in the west, and the land is far away, so Song Bing is not easy to reach.
2. Joining Liao for aid: Liao and Xia countries have always had a good marriage and used each other; Song can't fully adapt to summer.
Fourth, the sinicization of Liao and Xia Dynasties.
First, the sinicization of Liao Dynasty
1' s assistance: Po contributed greatly, and Han contributed greatly.
Measures of sinicization: legal system, city management, communication with businessmen, creation of characters, translation of Confucian books, and construction.
The size of the country. Later, Liao paid more attention to the cultural relics in the Central Plains, and the scale organization was more complete.
Sinicization in the second summer: no less than Liao people.
1 Since the Tang Dynasty, the world has been influenced by China's legal system.
Yuan Hao period: changed the official system with Han and Confucianism, founded schools, produced scripts and translated Confucian books. Hao Yuan also knows the classics of Chinese studies.
After Yuan Haowen was in power, the emperor was able to promote learning, cultivate virtuous people and perform Han rites, and repeatedly asked Song for books such as Nine Classics and Mencius.
Section 3 Song's Political Reform and Party Struggle
First, the background of reform
I am very weak in the Song Dynasty.
1 Weak product phenomenon:
A humiliating defeat of foreign troops: using foreign troops, losing and fighting repeatedly, only by accepting humiliating conditions such as paying money can we keep our position.
Ann's situation.
B the internal cause is the shortage of funds: internally, we are caught in a serious shortage of funds and cannot make ends meet.
2 weak reasons-abnormal military and political measures: ~ 40 ~
An armament is not repaired-many countries are weak countries;
Situation A: Song founded the country with soldiers, but the soldiers were recruited and did not undergo strict training, which led to the lack of war.
Fighting ability, but the border is heavy, and it is in urgent need of force, so we have to send more troops.
B result: the wealth of the world is exhausted to raise useless soldiers. The more soldiers there are, the weaker the country will be.
B. insufficient financial resources-financial resources are exhausted and people are poor;
Song dynasty favored scholars. For a long time, there were a lot of redundant staff and a lot of official salaries to be paid.
B military expenditure: plus huge military expenditure.
Three-year-old coins: Liao and Xia lost a lot of money, and the people were in trouble.
Ii. the reason for the political reform-the scholar-officials were dissatisfied with the weak situation of the country;
1 reason: the song dynasty was superior to the literati, so the literati had a heavy sense of responsibility.
Example: Fan Zhongyan's call to "worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later" illustrates the scholar.
Doctor's sense of hardship.
Results: The demand for political reform came into being under such circumstances.
Second, the promotion of the new law.
I. Reform in Li Qing
1 time: Song Renzong violet period (A.D. 104 1- 1048).
Principal: Fan Zhongyan.
Content: Ten reform plans are put forward, including three categories:
A clear official management.
Enrich Qiang Bing.
Implement the rule of law.
Results: Due to established habits, many opponents failed to implement it.
Second, Xining reform
1 time: Song Shenzong Xining period (1068- 1077).
Principal: Wang Anshi. It is a radical in the political reform movement.
A Renzong: I wrote twice urging reform, but it was not accepted.
When God is a priest:
One reason for reuse: Zongshen is determined to erase the shame of not competing with the outside world in the past.
B On-the-job: An Shi has been on-the-job for seven years.
C Meaning: This is the period when he became a gentleman, and it is also the most dynamic period of politics in the Song Dynasty.
Purpose: Rich countries and Qiang Bing.
~ 4 1 ~
4 new legal content:
Financial management:
The best advantage of measuring internal tolerance
The system is directly under the emperor of the three laws and regulations departments, and as a financial planning review institution, it is led by the Prime Minister himself. Financial planning review body
Young crops are lent to people at low interest rates to promote agricultural production and avoid exploitation by the rich.
Cities are easy to buy cheap and sell expensive, allowing people to mortgage 1 to stabilize prices; 2 Creditor
The exemption law turned officers into employees, the people lost money, and the government hired people to relieve the pain of labor.
The mode of equal transportation will store and sell the materials supplied by the local area and needed by the capital at a low price according to the local actual situation, saving labor costs.
Land grading method is used to determine the average tax burden.
B ranking:
The best advantage of measuring internal tolerance
Soldiers will be laid off by 1.
Separate the townspeople from each other, grant them exclusive rights, and let soldiers and generals learn from each other.
The Garbo Law strengthens the Garbo organization, stipulating that there are more than two households with one person as a soldier in case of theft in peacetime, and the soldiers and the people will be integrated if something happens.
The Law on the Protection of Horses ordered the civilian officials near Liaoxia Road to prepare cavalry to fight against the enemy.
Military equipment supervisors recruit skilled workers as craftsmen, supervise and improve weapons to enhance their combat capability.
Education:
Measure:
1. Change the tribute method:
One abolished the Ming Sutra and kept it in Jinshi.
B. on the strategy of changing the examination of Confucian classics in Jinshi branch.
Setting up a law office: trying to unify the meaning and punishment of the law.
2. Li Taixue's Three Yan Method:
Method A: Divide Thai students into three classes: external class, internal class and upper class, and then rise from bottom to top.
Those with outstanding achievements will be awarded official positions by the government; Increase the number of students, so that counties
Everyone has a school.
Objective: To gradually replace the tribute with school education.
Third, the failure of the new law
First, the advantages of the new law: Wang Anshi's new law is to the point and has far-reaching regulations.
Ⅱ failure factors:
A attaches importance to legislation and ignores personnel: it is taken by corrupt officials and undermines good laws.
B: Pay more attention to increasing income rather than reducing expenditure: this is a pure pursuit of profit, which is opposed by conservatives.
C An Shi is headstrong: stubborn, it is difficult to see the elders and dignitaries in the DPRK.
Iii. Wang Anshi resigned: surrounded by small groups, attacked by public opinion, resigned and retired, and finally lived in Jiangning.
Live a simple civilian life, and finally get frustrated.
Ⅳ Influence: The political reform in the Northern Song Dynasty occurred because of weakness, but it intensified the party struggle and finally affected the decline of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Death.
Fourth, the party fought for the wrong country.
~ 43 ~
My reason: It has something to do with the impetuous character of the scholar-officials.
1 Scholar-officials are talkative: Scholar-officials in the Song Dynasty are talkative about everything, fighting against each other and making enemies with each other.
2. Abuse of Taiwan Province's right to protest: This is a wanton attack, which, as always, causes opposition between protesters and the ruling party.
3. It is related to the economic and cultural reversal between the North and the South: the Great Leap Forward in the South has cultivated the spirit of southerners who are brave in innovation and make people cry.
There are many differences between them and the traditions and steady habits of northerners.
Blame. Generally speaking, there are many southerners in the new party and many northerners in the opposition party.
Ⅱ bipartisan camp
1 Old Party: At that time, Sima Guang, Ouyang Xiu and other conservatives who attached importance to the rule of virtue opposed the new law.
Refuse to cooperate.
New Party: Wang Anshi had to find other supporters, citing Lv Huiqing, Zhang Dun and other newcomers to form the old party.
The two camps, the party and the new party, attacked each other.
Iii. The inner-party struggle is fierce.
1 reason: the dispute between courtiers in the northern song dynasty has a long history, but it has nothing to do with the national plan and is insignificant. Until/very
During Zongshen period, after Wang Anshi's political reform, the party struggle became increasingly fierce.
2 development:
A Wang Anshi's ruling political situation is unstable: Old party member was often relegated or forced to lead, and the political situation went from bad to worse.
Ann.
B Wang Anshi's resignation politics is even worse:
One reason: due to improper employment, the implementation of the new law was quite disturbing to the people, and the people complained, so Anshi had to
Leave your post
B Result: Lv Huiqing and others remained in power. They used the new law to pursue their own desires and made politics worse.
After C, the struggle became more and more fierce, and both the old and the new often took revenge for granted, and their power came and went.
Four impacts:
1 political disaster: The situation was impossible before Huizong took charge of the new party Cai Jing himself.
A. Imprisonment by erecting a monument: Cai Jing holds the power, exclusive of the old Party, imprisoning by erecting a monument and controlling the overall situation.
B Collusion with Tong Guan: Cai Jing colluded with eunuch Tong Guan, amassing wealth to serve him, and his politics was very bad.
2 infighting: the coastal areas in northern Zhejiang are all trapped in thief areas.
3. Opening the border to the outside world: leading to the invasion of the Jin people to the south.
4 the demise of the northern song dynasty: the demise led to the disobedience of the capital and the fall of north China.
The relationship between Song and Jin in the fourth quarter
First, the prosperity of gold.
~ 44 ~
My jurchen is divided into two parts.
1 time: the period when Liao was strong.
The second part:
A mature woman, Zhen: She lives in the south of Songhua River. She once registered her household registration in Liao country, and she is deeply in Liao country.
B Jurchen: scattered north of Songhua River, non-Liao people, not deep in Liao Dynasty, to complete Yan Yan's department.
The strongest.
The birth of a daughter is the foundation of People's Republic of China (PRC).
1 Background: Jurchen tribe is scattered, and Wanyan tribe is the strongest.
2 founder: akuta beat Hong Yan.
3 After the founding of the People's Republic:
Unified ministries: When Song Huizong was in power, Akuta unified the ministries of Jurchen.
B Rebellion against Liao: I couldn't stand the greed and blackmail of Liao, but used the ignorance and debauchery of Emperor Tian of Liao to rebel against Liao.
C. The establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC): In the fifth year of Zheng He (A.D.115), Akuta became emperor, and People's Republic of China (PRC) was awarded the title of the founding country.
Metropolitan Ning (south of Acheng, Songjiang) is.
Second, the Song-Jin alliance destroyed Liao.
My Song-Jin Alliance
1 Origin: After Jin Taizu proclaimed himself emperor, he broke up the Liao Division many times, with a sudden increase in momentum. Cai Jing, the prime minister of Song Dynasty, attacked him with gold.
Liao.
Content of the Covenant: After the event is completed, the Song Dynasty will lose gold due to the loss of the old coins of Liao State, and the gold will be returned to the Song Dynasty by sixteen states.
What happened: Nomads and soldiers were victorious in Lien Chan, but Song Jun was defeated again and again, with huge losses.
Result: Kim failed to take part in the war. Song had no choice but to redeem Yanjing and its surrounding six countries with huge sums of money.
Land.
Ⅱ. Eliminate Liao
1 Liao Wu: In the seventh year of Xuanhe (the third year of Emperor Taizong of Jin Dynasty), Emperor Zuodi of Liao Tian was captured by the Jin people, and Liao Wu enjoyed the country.
2 10 year (9 16- 1 125).
2 The establishment of the Western Liao Dynasty (textbook note): At the end of the Liao Dynasty, it was repeatedly defeated by Jin, and its imperial clan poems led some Liao people to the West.
Go, Samarkand area when People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded, still called Liao country, historically called Western Liao country (West
From 1 125 to 120 1 year), it is a big country in the western regions.
Third, the difficulty of Jing Kang
~ 45 ~
I reason
1 Jin Guosong: After the joint attack on Liao, the heart of Song was lightened by Jin.
2 Song surrendered: Less than two months after the compromise between Song and Jin, Jin invaded on a large scale under the pretext of the border of Song and South Jin.
Song.
Ii passing by
1 Song Huizong gold drives Bianjing: Hui Zong surrendered to Qinzong in desperation.
2 When Song Qinzong was in Jin, Wei and Bianjing:
One origin: In the first year of Qin Zongjingkang (A.D. 1 126), Jin Jun crossed the river and surrounded Bianjing.
B Song Countermeasure: Qin Zong used Li Gangwei, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, to stick to it, demote Cai Jing, kill Tong Guan and take it.
Win people's hearts
ⅲ results-Jing Tang broke Bianjing in two years.
1 reason: the imperial court went up and down, and the rate was timid, and the city did not keep it.
Results: Jin Jin took more than 3,000 people, including Hui Zong, Qin Zong, clan relatives and ministers, to visit the cultural relics and treasures of Bianjing.
On the one hand, it is because of "the difficulty of Jingkang". The Northern Song Dynasty perished and enjoyed the country 168 (West
Yuan 960 ~ 1 127).
Fourth, Du
Background: Li Jing is a traitor.
1' s puppet: Jin Xuan took Zhang Bangchang as Chu Emperor and ordered him to rule the south of the Yellow River.
2 intention: it is not easy to rule the Central Plains by Gai, and it is intended to control Han with Han.
3 Ending: Zhang Bangchang couldn't do this, and many Song people refused to accept it. So after the nomads retreated, Bangchang went under a false name.
Ii. the founding of emperor gaozong.
1 acceded to the throne: Kang Wang Zhao Gou, located in Nanjing, is the emperor. Zhang Bangchang committed suicide at the age of 33 and became emperor.
Day.
2 development:
The early momentum of an emperor is quite amazing:
Phase A planning: Gao Zongchu ascended the throne, and Li Gang was given priority in the war, so he planned to defend himself by fighting. Mingzong Liu Ze
Defend Bianjing and guard the throat of Jin people going south.
B- Famous soldiers: Famous soldiers: There are also famous soldiers such as Han Shizong and Yue Fei.
There are many volunteers: there are rebels in the north.
The last thing to do after B: Naigaozong was afraid, listened to the words of the Lord and the peacemaker, blindly avoided the enemy and gave up the procedure.
Three results:
~ 46 ~
A nomads from the Golden Army invaded the south again: Kim invaded the south again, and the emperor rushed south, and the nomads from the Golden Army directly attacked Mingzhou (Zhejiang Yin).
County East), full of prey.
B Jin Puppet Qi: After the Jin soldiers returned to the division, they continued the policy of controlling Han by Han, and became the Emperor of Qi, which was the capital city at first.
Name, following the move to Bianjing, is the land of Jinshou, Henan and Shaanxi.
C The Southern Song Dynasty was partial to Jiang Zuo: Emperor Gaozong was slightly shocked, and Lin 'an (Hangzhou) officially made Shaoxing its capital in eight years.
How is the security situation formed?
4 reasons why the Southern Song Dynasty favored Jiang Zuo:
A song sticks to all parts of the Yangtze River, and the strength of the nomads is not enough to destroy it.
The appearance of pseudo-Qi reduced the direct conflict between Song and Jin, which was beneficial to the rest of the early Southern Song Dynasty.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) The Peace War between Southern Song Dynasty and Jin Dynasty
A Song Gaozong.
1 Wu Shu's southward invasion:
One background: Jin Xizong was in power and adopted the policy of peace talks. Later, because the warring factions seized power, the war reignited.
B: Song Bing won the battle, especially Yue Fei's first army, which was the most sophisticated and brave, and defeated Wu Shu in the battle of Yancheng.
Heroes of the two rivers respond to news.
C Result: Since Yanjing went south, the order of the Jin Dynasty failed, which dealt a great blow to the Jin people and the peace talks resumed.
2 Shao Xinghe put forward:
A background:
A Qin's return to the wrong country: Qin Gui, regardless of national interests, tried to figure out the psychology of Gao Zong Gou 'an and begged for it.
Harmony, but also exclude heroes to ensure power.
Loyalist was suppressed:
1. Yue Fei: Only by relying on Yue Fei can he become famous and become the crown of all generals. At the same time, he urged to recover lost ground and Qin Gui became stronger.
Make Yue Fei move troops and kill him in prison.
2. Han Shizhong: Han Shizong was outraged by this, then resigned and left, and the peace talks were completed.
B Time: the 11th year of Shaoxing, Song Gaozong (A.D. 1 14 1 year). Jin was the reign of Emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty.
C content:
Song surrendered to Kim.
Song paid 252,000 taels of silver and 250,000 silks to Jin every year.
C is bounded by Huaishui in the east and Dasanguan (south of Baoji, Shaanxi) in the west.
D. results:
Song became a vassal state of Jin.
~ 47 ~
The two sides have maintained peace for 20 years.
Qin Gui remained in power for 15 years, was a loyal minister and a good soldier, and was persecuted many times, and the wealth of the country declined.
D Twenty years later, there was a war between the two countries, and Song was generally at a disadvantage.
3 Hailing Wang marched south:
Time: In the last years of Song Gaozong, King Hailing invaded the south.
Results: Yu was defeated by quarrying (northwest of Dangtu, Anhui Province) and Jingkou successively.
Song Xiaozong, Song Ningzong
1 Northern Expedition: The northern expeditions of Song Xiaozong and Song Ningzong both failed.
2 draw: Song Jun failed twice, and both won the peacekeeping bureau by signing a huge annual currency treaty.
Three influences
1 Song national strength damage: A large number of ancient coins seriously damaged Song national strength.
2. The income of gold is declining: in terms of gold, it is also threatened by the rise of Mongolia, and the income is declining.
Sixth, the China of gold.
First, the early sinicization
1 Jin Taizu: Yang Puce, a Han Chinese, imitated Qidan script and China regular script to create Jurchen script.
2 Jin Taizong: He also adopted the suggestion of Han Qixian, the left prime minister, to reform the etiquette system with Chinese law.
Ⅱ. Active China.
1 Jin Xizong: A large number of people moved to the Central Plains to live together with the Han nationality, which contributed to racial integration.
2 King Hailing:
A moving the capital: moving the capital south to the mainland is because of the cool cultural relics in the Central Plains. (Textbook Note: First move to Yanjing, then
Move to Bianjing. After Liang's death, Jin became the capital of Yanjing. )
B Political system: At this time, the measures of respecting Confucius, setting up schools and setting up examination system in China law have all become.
The rule of governing the country with gold.
Ⅲ Conservative China
1 Jin Shizong:
A: Restrict Sinicization: After Wang Hailing succeeded to the throne, under the pressure of conservatives, he tried his best to restrict Sinicization.
Carry forward jurchen culture.
B Translation of Confucian books: However, Sejong himself is quite fond of Confucian history books, which were once translated into Jurchen and promulgated throughout the country.
Jin Zhangzong: On the surface, he inherited Sejong's policy, pushed himself to master China's knowledge, and used a large number of Han scholars.
Abolish the marriage ban and pretend to be orthodox in the Central Plains.