Analysis of test questions: This question examines the ability to obtain material information and transfer the knowledge learned. From the stem of the question, "it was not until the bourgeoisie in western Europe began to share or gain all power in the18th century that nationalism took on a modern form", which shows that nationalism promoted the democratization process in western Europe, so item A conforms to the material information and is excluded; From the information that "since the middle of19th century, it has become more and more chauvinistic and militaristic", it can be seen that nationalism has been further developed due to the industrial revolution, so item B conforms to the material information and is excluded; From the stem information and the previous analysis, we can see that the nature of nationalism has changed in different periods, so item C conforms to the material information and is excluded; China's Revolution of 1911 is inconsistent with the message that "19 century has become more and more chauvinistic and militaristic", so item D is correct.