In A.D. 1 year and 266, Wei was usurped, Luoyang was its capital and Jin was its capital. History is called the Western Jin Dynasty, which destroyed Wu in 280 and completed reunification. In 3 16, the western Jin dynasty was destroyed by barbarians in the north, and there was chaos in the north, which was called "five chaos" in history.

2.3 17 years, Jinshi crossed south, Si Marui established the Eastern Jin Dynasty in Jianye, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty made many northern expeditions. In 383, the Eastern Jin Dynasty was temporarily consolidated after the war with the former Qin Dynasty. During the Jin Dynasty, Wuhu moved to the Central Plains, strengthened ethnic integration, and northerners moved south to develop the Jiangnan area. In 420, Liu Yu established Liu Song, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty perished. The history of China entered the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Second, the Southern Dynasties

1, Liu Song Dynasty (420-479) was the largest, strongest and longest-lived regime in China, which lasted for 4 generations, 8 emperors and 60 years.

2. Qi (479-502) was very short, only 24 years. However, due to frequent fights and killings, there were three generations of seven emperors, with an emperor every three years on average, which was an extremely rapid change of emperors in the history of China.

3. Liang (502-557) lived for three generations and four emperors for fifty-six years. Among them, Emperor Xiao Yan enjoyed the country for the longest time, nearly half a century.

4. Chen (557-589) reigned for 33 years, with three generations and five emperors. The disadvantages of Chen Cheng's decline are its narrow territory, weak population and weak power. In addition, the rulers were extremely corrupt, and they eventually died in the hands of powerful enemies in the north.

Third, the Northern Dynasties

1. Tuoba GUI of the Northern Wei Dynasty established its capital in Pingcheng (now Datong, Shanxi) in 398, and changed its title to emperor in 399, gradually annexing Xia, Beiyan and Beiliang 16 countries. From Tuoba GUI's establishment of the State of Wei to the demise of the Western Wei in 557 AD, there were seventeen emperors, 17 1 year.

2. In the Eastern Wei Dynasty, in 534 AD, Emperor Xiaowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty was frightened by the powerful general Gao Huan and fled to Guanzhong. Gao Huan established Yuan as Emperor Xiaojing and moved his capital to Ye (now southwest of Linzhang, Hebei Province), which is known as the Eastern Wei Dynasty in history. It was replaced by Gao Yang in 550 AD, and the Eastern Wei Dynasty lasted for 17 years.

3. Western Wei Dynasty. In 534 AD, Emperor Xiaowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty entered Xiguan and was greeted by General Yu Wentai. In 535 AD, Yu Wentai poisoned Emperor Xiaowu and established Yuanbao as Wei Wendi, with its capital in Chang 'an, known as the Western Wei Dynasty in history. In 557 AD, it was replaced by Yu Wenjue (the third son of Yu Wentai), and the Western Wei Dynasty lasted for 24 years.

4. Beiqi. In 550 AD, Gao Yang, the son of Gao Huan, a general of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, seized the Eastern Wei regime and proclaimed himself emperor. His country name is Qi and his capital is yeyu. In order to distinguish it from Xiao Qi in the Southern Dynasties, it was called Beiqi in history, and it was also called Gaoqi because of its high royal surname. In 577 AD, it was destroyed by the Northern Zhou Dynasty, which lasted for twenty-eight years.

5. Northern Zhou Dynasty. In 557 AD, Yu Wenjue, the son of Yu Wentai, a general of the Western Wei Dynasty, seized the Western Wei regime and proclaimed himself emperor. People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded in Chang 'an, known as the Northern Zhou Dynasty in history. Because the royal family is named Yuwen, it is also called Yuwen Zhou. In 577 AD, the Northern Qi Dynasty perished and the northern part of China was unified. In 58 1 year, it was replaced by Emperor Yangdi, which lasted for 25 years.

Extended data:

During the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the royal family in the Southern Dynasties was mainly a poor family or a common people. Because the military power is gradually controlled by a poor family or civilians, it can usurp the throne. In the early days, the economy gradually recovered and the military strength was strong. Due to the strategic mistakes and strong military strength of the North Korea, the border moved southward one after another. The emperor and the imperial clan often fought bloody battles for the throne. Liang Wudi improved Nanliang, making its national strength strong again. In his later years, the country was eroded, and the Hou Jing Rebellion greatly weakened the strength of the divided Southern Dynasties, and the overseas Chinese clan that dominated the political situation completely collapsed.

Although Chen Wendi unified the Southern Dynasties, its national strength declined and it could only rely on the Yangtze River to resist the Northern Dynasties. The Northern Dynasty inherited the Five Hu and Sixteen Countries, and it was a new dynasty where Hu and Han lived together. The royal family of the Northern Wei Dynasty belongs to Xianbei nationality. Influenced by Wuhu culture, most Han officials intermarry with Hu people. Xianbei royal family was also influenced by China culture. The Northern Wei Dynasty was restrained by the softness of the North, and it was not until the friendly Turks annexed softness that they tried their best to deal with the Southern Dynasties. Later, after civil strife and peasant riots in six towns, the strength was greatly reduced.

After the Northern Wei Dynasty split the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Western Wei Dynasty, it was quickly replaced by the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty respectively. The Northern Qi Dynasty was dominated by Liuzhen Group, which had strong military strength in the early period. The Xianbei army in the Northern Zhou Dynasty was less than that in the Northern Qi Dynasty, and its political status was not as good as that in the Southern Dynasties.

Finally, Guanlong Group initiated by Yu Wentai annexed Beiqi, which was increasingly corrupt politically. After the death of Emperor Wu of the Zhou Dynasty, Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty took control of the imperial court, and established the Sui Dynasty by surrendering to Emperor Jing of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. After eight years of operation, he sent troops to destroy and unify China. After the Sui Dynasty unified the world, it merged the Kanto and Jiangnan nationalities to form a new Han nationality and created an open and inclusive Sui and Tang Empire.

Baidu encyclopedia-Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties