Current location - Music Encyclopedia - Chinese History - The Historical Evolution of beijing-baotou railway
The Historical Evolution of beijing-baotou railway
Zhan Tianyou was the chief engineer of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway and later the general manager of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway Bureau. Zhan Tianyou has surveyed three routes, and the second detour is too far. The third is today's abundant sand line. Due to the limited funding of the Qing court and short time, Zhan Tianyou decided to take the first route, that is, from Fengtai to Zhangjiakou via Xizhimen, Shahe, Jingnankou, Juyongguan, Badaling, Huailai, Ji Ming Post and Xuanhua. The difficulty of the whole line is to close the ditch, where the mountains overlap and the cliffs are steep and varied. At that time, the difficulty of the project was not in the whole country, and it was rare in the world.

Zhan Tianyou divides the whole line into three sections: Fengtai to Nankou as the first section, Nankou to Kangzhuang as the second section, and the rest as the third section.

1905 started construction on September 4th, and 65438+65438 started track laying on February 2nd. On the first day of track laying, the coupler chain of an engineering vehicle broke, causing derailment accident. This has become evidence that China people can't build their own railways, and all kinds of slanders have poured in. However, Zhan Tianyou finally solved this problem by using the automatic hook method. 1September 30, 906, the first bid section of the project was all opened to traffic.

The first section of the project was opened to traffic, and the second section started at the same time. The difficulty lies in the second quarter. First of all, we must open four tunnels: Juyongguan, Wuguitou, Shifosi and Badaling. Badaling tunnel is the longest1092m. This requires not only accurate calculation and correct command, but also new mountain cutters, ventilators and pumps. The former is not a problem for Zhan Tianyou, while the latter is not available in China at that time, and it can only be imagined by the hands of workers. At the same time, the north and south ends are dug to the middle of the tunnel at the same time, and the shaft method is used for excavation. Dig two vertical shafts in the middle, which can be dug separately in the opposite direction to increase the working face. The first long tunnel in the history of highway construction in China was built by manpower. The most famous project of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway is the herringbone railway at Qinglongqiao Station, which was built to overcome the height difference between Nankou and Badaling. Overcoming many difficulties, the second bid section was completed in September 1908.

The difficulty of the third bid section is second only to that of Guangou. Huailai Bridge is the longest bridge on Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, which is erected by 7 steel beams 100 feet long. 1909-04-02 The train goes to the next garden. Although the section from Xiahuayuan to Jimingyi mining area is not long, Yanghe is on the right and Shishan is on the left. A six-foot-wide passage should be opened on the mountain, and a seven-mile-long riverbed should be padded at the foot of the mountain. Zhan Tianyou paved the river bed at the foot of the mountain with stones paving the road on the mountain. In order to prevent mountain torrents from impacting the subgrade, cement bricks are used for protection. 1September 24, 909, Zhangjiakou city, and the third section was completed.

It took only four years for the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway to officially start construction on September 4, 1905, and to hold the opening ceremony at Nankou on October 2, 1909. The construction period of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway has been advanced by two years. According to the original budget, the cost of building and purchasing locomotives and rolling stock on Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was 7.29 million taels of silver, but only about 7 million taels were actually used.

1907 In March, the construction of Jingmen Branch Line (now Jingmen Railway), a coal branch line of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, was started and completed in September of the following year. After the opening of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, it will be built in sections to the west,191year1month, and the section from Zhangjiakou to Yanggao will be completed. The 56.6-kilometer-long Yanggao-Datong section was suspended due to the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, and officially resumed work in June 19 12, and was opened to traffic in June 19 14.

March 19 14, Datong-Fengzhen section of 44.8km, opened to traffic in September, 19 15.

1965438+ Beijing Ring Road started in June 2005 and was completed in February 2008. The loop line starts from Xizhimen Station in Beijing, runs along the north wall of Beijing, and connects to Dongbianmen Station of Beijing-Fengrailway from north to east, with a total length of 12.6 km.

After the Dafeng section was completed, it should have continued to build westward, but the continuation project was forced to be interrupted because of the warlord scuffle.

19 18 In April, in order to meet the needs of highway coal fuel, Jingsui Railway Bureau built a new Kouquan branch line in Datong, with a total length of 19. 18 km, which was opened to traffic in September of the same year. In February 65438, an 8.65-kilometer Shuimo branch line was built in Xuanhua, Hebei Province, which is a light rail railway for transporting iron ore from Yantongshan. Later, due to the collapse of the iron ore company, it was demolished on 1922.

After four years of suspension, the 240.3km line from Fengzhen to Suiyuan started in August, and 19 19 entered Suiyuan. 1 921may1day was completed, and it was renamed Pingsui Railway (Beiping-Guisui).

Pingsui Railway has only been opened for five months, and the construction of 149.6 km Suiyuan-Baotou section has started. The line starts from Suiyuan in the west, between the southern foot of Daqingshan and Dahe, and passes through Bikeqi, Chasuqi, Taosihao and Sarazzi to Baotou Beizhong Station. 1923 1 was completed and opened to traffic, so the whole line runs through, with a total length of 8 17.9 kilometers. 1June, 939 During the Japanese occupation, in order to transport coal resources, the Daqingshan branch line was built between Baotou and Zhao Gou, with a total length of 4 1.4 km. /kloc-0 was completed in July, 940, and was demolished in June, 945. 1In September 1939, Japan built the extension line of Jingmen Railway, that is, Taitai Branch Line, on the basis of the original Jingmen Railway, with a total length of 30.4 kilometers, starting from Mentougou Station of Jingmen Railway and passing through Seshufen Station and Guoluopoling Station to Datai Station. The project was completed in May. 1940.

1940 65438+In February, in order to plunder the coal resources of Longyan Coal Mine, Japan built the Xuanpang Branch Line (now Xuanpang Railway), with a total length of 40 kilometers, from Xuanhua to the east and slightly to Pangjiabao. The branch line construction lasted for four years, and finally the whole line was completed in June1944+February 65438. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), first of all, the infrastructure destroyed by the war in the whole country was repaired and rebuilt on a large scale. The Pingsui Railway, which suffered heavy losses, was also reopened to traffic on June 1949, and was officially renamed beijing-baotou railway.

1June, 953, Guanting Reservoir was built in the upper reaches of Yongding River. The line from Kangzhuang Station to Langshan Station was located in the flood storage area of the reservoir to be built, and the railway was changed. The project must be rerouted to 15.9 1 km, abandon Guishui River Station, and cross the reservoir with the newly-built Guishui River Bridge with a total length of 654 meters and a height of 26 meters, with permeable dikes with both ends more than 22 meters high. 1954 65438+was completed in February and put into production in March of the following year.

In June, 1955, 1 1, the line change and double-track project from Shacheng Station to Guoleizhuang Station started, and in June, 1958+0 1 was completed. This is the first double-track section in beijing-baotou railway.

1March, 956, the reconstruction project of beijing-baotou railway Gemstone Branch Line started. Baoshi branch line, also known as Shiguaizi branch line, is connected to Erdaohe Station in Baotou in the west, and from Shiguaizi Station to Shuimotan Station in the east, with a total length of 3 1.7km. The line crosses the river valley and the Dadonggou and Shiguaigou watershed. The river bends, and the line bends with the river. Every ditch has a bridge. The number of bridges and culverts per kilometer reaches 4, and the curve with a radius of 250 meters accounts for 30% of the total length. 1958165438+10, the project was completed and officially put into use that month. In the same month (1March, 956), the reconstruction of the double-track line from Guoleizhuang Station to Datong Station officially started. Due to the bad relationship between China and the Soviet Union and the serious influence of the Cultural Revolution, the reconstruction and double-track construction of this line went through many twists and turns, and finally it was fully completed and put into use in March 1974.

1In August, 957, the ring road of beijing-baotou railway Baotou Hub started construction, with a total length of 29.2 kilometers, from Baotou East Station to Kundulun Zhan Zhao Station. 1962 65438+February All the projects were completed and put into use.

1in July, 958, the line reconstruction and double-track project from Datong Station to Baotou Station officially started.

1Feb. 959, the new project of Xuanhua Dalinbao branch line started. The line is planned to be drawn from Li Daren Zhuang Station of the former Xuanpang branch line (now Xuanpang Railway) in beijing-baotou railway, leading to Chicheng County, Hebei Province, passing through Huangcaorang and Longguan to the vicinity of Balizhuang, and then going deep into Dalinbao mining area as a special line for ore transportation, with a total length of 50. 19 km. The line passes through Zhao Chuan Basin and Longguan Basin in the loess hilly region, and crosses Huangcaoling Mountain area. Due to the bad relationship between China and the Soviet Union, the project was stopped at the end of that year, resumed on June 1960, and completely stopped on196/kloc-0. During the construction period, subgrade construction will only be carried out in some sections, and the whole line will not be laid until the construction is stopped.

1960 1, the new construction of beijing-baotou railway-Beijing auxiliary line of the Northeast Ring Road of Beijing Hub (now Shuangsha Railway) started. The new line starts from the signal station on the east side of Baiziwan, goes north and then west, and ends at the K28 uplink and downlink station (the original 28km signal station) in beijing-baotou railway. The total length of the line is 32. 1km, and it was completed and put into operation in February 1966. In February of the same year, the double-track project from Xizhimen Station to Shacheng Station in Hebei Province started. Due to the bad relationship between China and the Soviet Union, the construction of196/kloc-0 was dismounted in July. Among them, Qinglongqiao West Station is newly built near Qinglongqiao Station of the original herringbone railway. The distance between Qinglongqiao West Station and Qinglongqiao Station is less than 1 km. Originally, it was planned to expand Qinglong Bridge Station and increase the departure line, but due to the limitation of nearby terrain, a new series station was built. After the Qinglongqiao West Station was put into operation, Qinglongqiao Station only received the upward trains bound for Beijing; Qinglongqiao West Railway Station only receives and sends down trains bound for Baotou.

The original starting point of beijing-baotou railway is Liucun in Fengtai. 1968, a section of railway from Fengtai to Guang 'anmen Station was demolished northward, and Xizhimen Railway Station (Beijing North Station) became the starting station of beijing-baotou railway. At present, the kilometer mark along the beijing-baotou railway is still calculated on the basis of the 0 kilometer mark in Liucun, Fengtai, Beijing, and has not changed, but the actual main line has been shortened by12km.

1971July, the construction of Beijing Northwest Ring Railway started. The total length of the line is 33.3 kilometers, connecting beijing-baotou railway Shahe Station and Fengsha Railway Sanjiadian Station, and it is one of the important railway connecting lines in Beijing. 1979 65438+was initially completed in February, which lasted for 8 years.

From April 1977, the whole line from Shacheng Station to Datong Station was automatically blocked, which was completed at the end of the same year.

198 1 April, beijing-baotou railway was electrified, starting from Beijing, with a total mileage of 379 kilometers, passing Shacheng, Zhangjiakou South, Datong and Kouquan Railway Station.

On April 3rd, 1983, the capacity expansion test of passenger trains in beijing-baotou railway, Longhai Railway, Lanxin Railway and baotou-lanzhou railway was completed. According to the test results, the Ministry of Railways decided to expand the above four trunk lines to a total of 17 pairs of passenger express trains, with a total of 29 trains, which is equivalent to adding 3 pairs of trains every day, which can increase the long-distance passenger capacity by more than 9,000 people every day.

1983165438+1October1,passenger train No.51516 running between Zhangjiakou and Yongdingmen in beijing-baotou railway was named as "civilized train" by the Ministry of Railways. This is the only award-winning train on the beijing-baotou railway line after the Ministry of Railways proposed to strengthen the work of intermediate stations and slow trains from 65438 to 0980, implement "three trains and two stations" and create "three excellent civilized roads".

1984 12.30, electrification of beijing-baotou railway-Beijing-Datong double track was completed. With the completion of the electrification transformation of Fengsha Railway, Fengsha Railway was officially opened and put into operation. Before and after the completion of Daqin Railway, this line was one of the important channels for coal transportation in Shanxi. Although the transformation from single-track to double-track, from steam locomotive traction to partial diesel locomotive traction, and from semi-automatic block to automatic block, it still cannot meet the needs of traffic growth. After electrification, the annual transportation capacity will gradually increase from more than 50 million tons to more than 60 million tons.

1987165438+1On October 6th, Zhan Tianyou Memorial Hall, the highest point in Badaling section of beijing-baotou railway, was completed and officially opened. The memorial hall has a viewing hall, a preface hall and an exhibition hall. On the front of the viewing platform is a huge photo of Zhan Tianyou's whole body, with Zhou Enlai's inscription "Glory to the People of China" hanging above it.

1March 990 10, the line reconstruction and double-track project from Datong Station to Baotou Station were completely completed, and the double-track was officially opened. The double-track project of Dabao section started as early as 1958. Due to various internal and external factors, the project stopped many times and took 32 years to complete. At this point, beijing-baotou railway double track has been opened to traffic.

On May 22nd, 1996, the new bridge of Guishui River Bridge across Guanting Reservoir was started. Since the original bridge was put into operation for 43 years, due to repeated ice damage in winter, the whole bridge 19 pier was crushed by ice, which caused railway interruption many times and affected the normal passenger and cargo transportation. Later, it was decided to build a new bridge 30 meters downstream (south side) of the original bridge. 1997 65438+On February 2, 2007, the new bridge was completed and put into use. Beijing-baotou railway changed to a new bridge, and the old bridge was abandoned and demolished. Now all that's left is the dock. The total length of the main bridge and approach bridge of the new Guishui River Bridge is 852.64m, the pier height in water is14.7m, the diameter of the cap is18m, and the thickness is 3.5m.. The foundation structures of piers and abutments are firm and can completely resist the influence of ice damage.