Hongkou 4306 Xuhui 5340 Yangpu 6480 Putuo 8235 Huangpu 1608 Jiading 858 Jinshan 329
Nanhui 297 Qingpu 260 Songjiang 256 Fengxian 237 Chongming 1 18 Pudong New Area 7404 There are about 50,000 Hui people in Shanghai, scattered in the whole city 12 district and 10 county.
The time when Hui ancestors and Hui people moved to Shanghai can be roughly divided into three stages:
1. In the Song Dynasty, Hui ancestors stopped in Shanghai.
Since the Northern Song Dynasty, Shanghai Qinglong Town (founded in the fifth year of Tang Tianbao, that is, in 746 AD) has become an important port for foreign trade along the southeast coast of China, with a large number of outsiders. Arabs and Persians who are good at business keep coming here. During the political period of the Northern Song Dynasty (A.D.113), Xiuzhou Huating, which belongs to Qinglong Town, set up a city shipping department and a special supervisor. Mi Fei (said to be a Muslim), a great painter and calligrapher in the Song Dynasty, served as the supervisor of Qinglong Town during Yuanfeng period in the Northern Song Dynasty. According to local records, at that time, there were thousands of fireworks in Qinglong Town, and the market was prosperous. "There were many merchants and boats" ("Yao". The official position "No.44" was the only place in ancient Shanghai with international contacts. According to 1975, lilac wood was unearthed during the excavation and inspection of Fangta underground palace in Songjiang, Shanghai, and it was firmly identified as agarwood. The tower was built in Song Taiping during the period of Xingguo (976-984 AD), and agarwood has been imported from the western regions, which proves that Arab and Persian Muslim businessmen did come to Shanghai for business activities in the Song Dynasty. There is no doubt that these Hui ancestors-Arab and Persian businessmen will also stay here for religious activities. According to the Records of Shanghai Tongzhi, "Islam was introduced into Shanghai during the Song and Yuan Dynasties". "From Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang. Its introduction time was about between Song and Yuan Dynasties. Therefore, when a company is established in Shanghai to trade with overseas countries, Islam will be introduced at this time. " However, whether they stayed in Fanfang like "the fifth generation Ke Fan" and "the native Ke Fan" has not been verified, and no historical materials have been found.
2. From Yuan Dynasty to the middle of Ming Dynasty, the Hui ancestors settled in Shanghai and the Hui people formed.
Shanghai has traces of the settlement of Hui ancestors, and the Yuan Dynasty began in Songjiang. Songjiang has been an important coastal defense town since the Yuan Dynasty, with Guhuating County Port adjacent to Qingpu, which is the waterway for ships from overseas countries to enter China. At that time, there were close contacts between the East and the West, and the Songjiang generation was prosperous in economy, rich in humanities and developed in handicraft industry.
Since A.D. 1277, mosques have been built in Jiangnan area, including Shanghai. The first mosque in Shanghai was built in 1295, when Nasu Latin, a Muslim from the Western Regions, was guarding Songjiang. This mosque was once called "Worship Temple", "True Religion Temple" and "White Crane Temple in the Cloud". A "Hui Hui's Tomb" was built in the temple. There are still three stone tablets and a tombstone inscription in the temple. One of them was "revising the inscription of Zhenjue Temple" in the fourth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (AD 1677); On the other hand, there is an inscription on the donation mosque, which was built in the 17th year of Jiaqing (AD 18 12). The inscription on this tablet is engraved with moire crane pattern, which is tangent to the name of "White Crane Temple in the Cloud". This temple is a famous Islamic temple in the south of the Yangtze River and is listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in Shanghai. Muslims from the western regions settled in this mosque. Some of them joined the army, some were stationed in the fields, and some were engaged in various businesses and handicrafts. At that time, Songjiang was a government city, with a large number of troops and the largest number of "Western Regions (Hui) pro-armies" settled, so Songjiang was called "Cheng Huihui" by the people. As can be seen from the Records of Songjiang Prefecture, the surnames of Hui people who settled in Songjiang at that time were: Mahma, Nasrudin, Haji, Udumasha, Darima, Aduchi, Ruiqing, Shaquan, Milan, Hassasha, Jinlafuding, Amdura, Mishi and so on. According to local chronicles, after settling in Songjiang, these civil and military officials and hometown soldiers in the western regions moved to the surrounding areas one after another, and settled in Qingpu County, Nanhui, Shanghai, Jiading and Qibao. In Qingpu County and Qibao Town, mosques and Muslim tombs were built in history. They come from Arabia, Persia, Central Asia and West Asia. These Hui ancestors formed a new social group in Songjiang area. They got married and had children in the residential area and became Hui people in Shanghai.
Third, the late Ming Dynasty to the middle Qing Dynasty is the development period of the Hui people in Shanghai.
In the sixth year of the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (AD 1573), there was a temple called Huihuitang in Qingpu County, Shanghai. Ma Hualong, the magistrate of Changzhou, wrote an inscription for the temple (the temple was demolished because of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's road construction), which was located in Qibao Town, Shanghai County in the middle of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty. It is said that there are "Hui tombs" in Qibao, Zhuqu and other towns and villages, indicating that the Hui population has expanded to towns and villages, and there are Hui people living in compact communities.
As for the Hui people currently living in Shanghai (including urban areas), it was not until the Qing Dynasty (about AD 1736) that they began to appear. Shanghai's commercial capital was developed at that time. With the change of the territory of Shanghai, the population has also increased. Especially after the Opium War, Shanghai was turned into a trading port, and domestic and foreign trade developed rapidly. As the colonialists stepped up their aggression against China, the vast rural areas became bankrupt day by day, so many Hui people from Shandong, Hebei, Henan and Anhui moved to Shanghai. At the same time, many Hui craftsmen and urban poor from Nanjing, Suzhou and Zhenjiang in Jiangsu came to Shanghai to make a living. With the prosperity of Taiping Army, more and more Nanjing Hui people came to Shanghai. They are concentrated in the area of Shanghai military camp outside Xiaonanmen, hence the name "Nanjing Street". Later, he moved to nine acres of land. About AD 1853, the first mosque-Nansi, also known as Caoxiewan Mosque, was built in the city. It was rebuilt in 1904. Subsequently, as more and more Hui people moved to Shanghai, 19 mosques were established one after another. These mosques have become the activity centers of the Hui people. Living around temples, some new Hui communities have formed in Shanghai. For example, the area around Jiumu is mainly inhabited by Hui people in Nanjing. Xiaoshadu area in the west of Shanghai is mainly inhabited by Hui people from Henan, Anhui and Hubei. These settlements have now developed into 12 Hui settlements, such as Luxiang Street in Shinan District and Jiaozhou Street in Putuo District. Although the population is small and surrounded by the Han nationality, the Muslims in Shanghai have survived and developed because of the mosques established by the Hui nationality and the characteristics of the Islamic nation, and their customs and psychological state are still obviously maintained today.