Renà i, [charity] forgiveness and love; Love and compassion.

Kindness is a kind of top-down love, which can be from mother to child or from king to courtiers.

Kindness is the core idea of The Analects. Confucian benevolence includes three levels: love based on family, love based on society and love based on universe. The love in these three systems is interrelated and has the same philosophical basis, that is, the Confucian doctrine of the mean is "too much is not enough".

Example:

1. In the second year of Zhenguan, drought and famine occurred in Guanzhong area. Emperor Taizong said to his ministers, "It is the monarch's fault that floods and droughts are not coordinated. God should punish me for my bad behavior. What crime does the people have to suffer from such difficulties and embarrassment? I heard that some people sell children and girls, and I sympathize with them. "

So he sent Du Yan, an ancient imperial doctor, to inspect and redeem the sold children with the money from the imperial treasury and return them to their parents. In the 19th year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong conquered North Korea and stationed in Dingzhou. Emperor Taizong visited the North Gate to express his condolences to the soldiers.

A soldier is ill and can't go to see him. Emperor Taizong sent someone to his bed to ask about his illness and ordered the county to treat him. Therefore, the soldiers are happy to follow Taizong's expedition. The army returned to Liucheng, and Taizong ordered the collection of the bones of the fallen soldiers, and set up cattle, sheep and pigs for their sacrifice.

Emperor Taizong personally came to cry for the dead, and all the soldiers in the army shed tears. The soldiers who watched the sacrifice talked about it when they got home. Their parents said, "Our son died in battle, and the son of heaven wept for him and died without regret."

2. Chun Gong Yu at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty was a kind person. His family has both mountain fields and fruit trees. There was a famine at that time, and people often went to his field to steal fruit trees and cut rice and grass. For these thieves, Chun Gong Yu took a tolerant and kind attitude.

When he saw someone stealing fruit, he comforted and helped them pick it and let the fruit thief take it away. When he saw someone secretly cutting crops in his field, he was worried that the thief would feel ashamed when he met him, so he lay in the grass and waited until the crop cutter left quietly before standing up. Because of Chun's noble behavior, the people in the village were deeply influenced. Later, theft was rare.

At the same time, under his guidance, the villagers also abandoned their feelings of not wanting to farm in the war. Because the villagers thought that the war would continue and they didn't know when they would die, they gave up farming. Chun Gong Yu said to the villagers, "If I can't, I won't be hurt!" It means: if you die at that time and can't get it, what does it matter if you leave it to others to enjoy!

After Chun Gong Yu died of illness, the court erected a monument in his hometown to commend his achievements.

3. During the Three Kingdoms period, Dong Feng, a famous doctor of the State of Wu, in the name of benevolence and righteousness, did not charge for treatment, and only asked the cured person to plant several apricot trees around his residence. A few years later, apricot trees turned into a forest, and the harvest proceeds were used to treat the poor or exiles. Later generations regarded "Xinglin" as a synonym for medical circles or clinics. Now, plaques or banners of "Xinglin is warm in spring" are often used to praise accomplished doctors.

4. After being martyred in Yongjia, the officials of Jin Dynasty were exiled to the countryside, impoverished and even starved. The villagers respected his reputation and virtue, so they took turns cooking for him. Gong took his nephew Mai and his nephew Zhou to dinner. The fellow villagers told him that everyone is poor now, and if we add two more children, I'm afraid we can't raise them together.

After that, a person went to the palace to eat and wiped the rice on his cheek. When he came back, he vomited on two children, and the two children survived. This is the famous "Xi Gong Han Fu". When Gong died, Zhou Yi was appointed as the county magistrate. He resigned and went home. He put a straw mat in front of his bed and mourned for three years.

5. Liu Zongyuan, a famous scholar in Tang Dynasty, practiced benevolent government when he was in power in Liuzhou, Guangxi.

First, he banned the sale of handmaiden, and then led the people to dig wells to open up wasteland, build ships, renovate city walls and streets, and plant trees widely; And personally planted 200 oranges in the suburbs and planted a large number of willows by the Liujiang River; Other measures have been taken to stabilize people's livelihood and develop production.

After three years of hard work, a new atmosphere has finally emerged in Liuzhou: "The people have experience, the public has no burden, the four have rewards, and they are willing to accomplish things ... pigs, cows, chickens and ducks are fat and sweet."

6. Su Shi, a great writer in the Song Dynasty, lived in Changzhou in his later years. He spent his last savings and bought a house. He is preparing to move in another day. By chance, he heard an old woman crying very sadly.

He asked the old woman why she was crying. The old woman said that she had a house that had been handed down for a hundred years and had just been sold by unscrupulous children. She cried very sadly. Looking carefully, it turns out that the house that Su Shi bought is the ancestral home that the old woman said.

So Su Shi immediately told the old woman that he was the buyer. He also burned the deed of the house and asked the old woman's son to welcome her back to her hometown and not to ask for the purchase money back. In July this year, Sue died in a rented house.