Emperor Hongwu-Zhu Yuanzhang

Zhu Yuanzhang (A.D. 1328- 1398), renamed Xingzong, was the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty and reigned for 3 1 year. He died of illness at the age of 7 1 and was buried in the Xiaoling Mausoleum in Yingtian (now playing under Mount Everest in Dulong House, Zhongshan South, outside Nanjing).

Zhu Yuanzhang was born in Haolou Zhongli (now Fengyang County, Anhui Province). Born in a poor peasant family, he used to be a landlord shepherd boy when he was a teenager. In the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1344), Zhu Yuanzhang's hometown suffered from drought, locusts and epidemics. His parents and brothers were killed in this disaster. In order to make a living, Zhu Yuanzhang became a monk in Huang Jue Temple. However, the recent famine forced him to leave the temple and go out for alms. He traveled in western Anhui and eastern Henan for three years and experienced hardships. This outing had an important influence on Zhu Yuanzhang's life.

When the Red Scarf Army uprising broke out, the red scarf storm swept across the Jianghuai Plain. In the 12th year of Zheng Zheng (AD 1352), Zhu Yuanzhang defected to the Red Scarf Army led by Guo Zixing in Haozhou. Because of his wisdom and courage, he soon became Guo Zixing's confidant and married Ma Shi, Guo Zixing's adopted daughter. When Zhu Yuanzhang was under Guo Zixing, he constantly expanded his power and mastered a team that really belonged to him, which made Zhu Yuanzhang easily defeat Guo Zixing's son and gain the control of the whole team after Guo Zixing's death.

After that, Zhu Yuanzhang used Liu Futong to fight the Yuan Army in the north, expanded his team and led troops south. In A.D. 1355, he was appointed as the left deputy marshal by the Song regime in Han Liner, Wang Xiaoming. In A.D. 1356, Zhu Yuanzhang conquered Qing Ji and renamed Qing Ji Yingtianfu (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province). He was awarded the title of Pingzhang as a province in the south of the Yangtze River by the Song regime, and also called himself Wu Guogong. And adopt Zhu Sheng's suggestion of "building a wall high, accumulating grain widely, and slowing down is king", take the weather as the center, vigorously develop production, and lay a solid foundation for a bigger war in the future. From 1363 to 1367, Zhu Yuanzhang first completely defeated Chen Youliang, who was stronger than himself, and called himself the king of Wu. Later, Zhang Shicheng, Zhejiang Province was destroyed and Han Liner was sunk, all according to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Xu Da and Chang Yuchun were sent to explore the Central Plains. In the first month of A.D. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtian, with the title of Daming, and the founding year was "Hongwu", with its capital in Yingtian. In August of the same year, the Ming army conquered Yuan Dadu and will rush back to the desert, and Yuan perished. From then on, Zhu Yuanzhang pacified the whole country in 10 years.

Zhu Yuanzhang was born in poverty, so he was still obsessed with the sufferings of the people. During his reign, he adopted the policy of living in peace with the people, census the household registration, clean up the land, build a fish scale atlas, build water conservancy projects, open up wasteland, reward farming, reduce taxes, and promulgate the Daming Law, which enabled the tired people to recuperate, promoted the recovery and development of social production, and increased the national land rent by three times compared with the Yuan Dynasty.

Zhu Yuanzhang witnessed the political corruption, greed and disability of officials at the end of Yuan Dynasty. I hate corrupt officials' stupid politics and endangering the people. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he vigorously rectified the official management, promulgated severe laws and took unprecedented severe measures to punish corrupt officials. At that time, the law stipulated that any official who was found to be corrupt and endangering the people could be directly arrested and sent to the capital. Anyone who dares to stop it will ruin the family and the nation. Anyone who steals money, food, etc. From the warehouse, if the stolen goods exceed sixty taels of silver, they will be beheaded and skinned. He took the land temple on the left side of the government, state and county government as a place to peel people's skin, which was called Pichang Temple. In addition, there is a leather bag stuffed with grass hanging on both sides of the official position, which makes the government officials always on tenterhooks and dare not break the law again. He also used torture such as hamstringing, chopping fingers, chopping feet, breaking hands, hooking intestines and cutting genitals. Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor for more than 30 years and punished many corrupt officials successively. For example, in the ninth year of Hongwu (1376) alone, more than 10,000 people sent spy officials to the small ocean to open up wasteland. In a series of corruption cases, Guo Huan is the most prominent one. Guo Huan officials went to the assistant minister of the Ministry of Finance to collect autumn grain in western Zhejiang, which happened in the 18th year of Hongwu (1385). As a result, seven million mangokus of grain were recovered and six officials below assistant minister were executed. The confession implicated the officials of the chief secretaries, and thousands of people were killed. The recovery also implicated many wealthy families in China, so that most middle-class families went bankrupt. It can be said that it is unprecedented to punish corrupt officials with harsh laws like this and kill corrupt officials on such a large scale. Zhu Yuanzhang severely punished corrupt officials with great fanfare, which played a certain role in killing corruption and improving official management.

In order to make the Zhu Ming dynasty last for generations, Zhu Yuanzhang strengthened centralization unprecedentedly. In the ninth year of Hongwu (A.D. 1376), the province of Zhongshu was abolished, and a department of deployment, sentencing and legal proceedings were established, all of which were command departments in charge of the rights of local people, criminals and soldiers; In the 13th year of Hongwu (AD 1380), the province of Zhongshu was abolished, and the prime minister system was abolished. The power was divided into six parts: official, household, ritual, soldier, criminal and industrial. The imperial power has been greatly strengthened through a series of measures, such as setting up supervisory officials of the Inspectorate and a Royal Guards to supervise courtiers and people.

On the one hand, Zhu Yuanzhang vigorously promoted centralization, but at the same time, he implemented a contradictory policy, that is, enfeoffment of princes as kings, so that they "shielded the royal family." The purpose of Zhu Yuanzhang's enfeoffment system is to strengthen the defense against northern Mongolia and prevent traitors from usurping the throne. According to Zhu Yuanzhang, the king can "take treacherous court official by transferring the text, and transfer troops to Jun Qing". At the same time, in order to prevent the king from dominating, Zhu Yuanzhang allowed the emperor to order "cutting the vassal" when necessary. This laid a curse for the later struggle for the throne.

In addition to these two situations, many people died in the founding of the people's Republic of China. Only a few people, such as Tang He and Geng Bingwen, were lucky enough to die well. It is unprecedented for Zhu Yuanzhang to kill heroes like this.

At the beginning of governing the country, Zhu Yuanzhang thought it necessary to use such severe measures to suppress lieutenants and purge bureaucrats, but this was only a stopgap measure and could not be used forever. So in his later years, he ordered future generations not to follow suit.

In May of the 31st year of Hongwu (1398), Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, was exhausted and finally fell ill. When his illness became critical, he made a testament saying that he had been declared emperor for 3 1 year. This describes his hard life and his mental state in the fierce struggle within the ruling class. In the testamentary edict, Zhu Yunwen, the great-grandson, was ordered to succeed to the throne, and all the scholars guarded their respective countries, so it was unnecessary to attend the funeral in Beijing, just in case anything happened. Soon he died in Nanjing Xigong.

After Zhu Yuanzhang's death, he was named Emperor Gao, with the temple name Taizu.

Ming Huidi

Emperor Wen Jian-Zhu Yunwen

Ming Huidi Zhu Yunwen (A.D. 1377-? ), the grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang, the great emperor of Ming Dynasty, succeeded to the throne after illness. He ruled for four years, and the capital was lost after being attacked by his uncle Judy.

Zhu Yunwen, grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang, Ming Taizu, the second son of Prince Zhu Biao.

Zhu Yunwen was known as the Emperor of Wen Jian in history, and was honored as the Emperor Jean of Hui Zong in Hongzhi period of Nanming. During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, he was canonized as Emperor Gongminhui, so Emperor Wen Jian was also called Ming Huidi in history.

Ming chengzu

Emperor Yongle-Judy

Judy (A.D. 1360- 1424), the fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, ascended the throne after defeating his nephew, Emperor Jianwen. After 22 years in office, he died on his way back to Mobei at the age of 65. Buried in Changling (now Ming Tombs in Beijing) at the foot of Tianshou Mountain in Changping, Beijing.

Judy, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was a controversial emperor in history. He made great achievements and created the prosperity of the early Ming Dynasty, but he was overjoyed, suspicious, and killed people without blinking an eye, and his hands were covered with blood. But as the old historian said: "Gao (Zhu Yuanzhang) became (Judy) and enjoyed the country for a long time. In the 1960s and 1970s, granaries were full of food and teeth. " Therefore, Judy, like Zhu Yuanzhang, is a well-deserved figure.

After Judy's death, Emperor Xiaowen of posthumous title was named Taizong. In A.D. 1538, Emperor Jiajing changed the name of the temple to Chengzu, which was called Emperor Yongle in history.

Mingrenzong

Emperor Hongxi-Zhu Gaochi

Zhu Gaochi (AD 1378- 1425), the eldest son of Judy, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, succeeded to the throne after his death. In office 1 year, died at the age of 47. Buried in Xianling (now Ming Tombs in Beijing).

Ming Xuanzong

Emperor Xuande-Zhu Zhanji

Zhu Zhanji (A.D. 1398- 1435), Zhu Gaochi's eldest son, died in 10 and was buried in Jingling (now the Ming Tombs in Beijing).

After Zhu Zhanji's death, he was named Emperor Zhang Xiao, with the temple name Xuanzong, and was known as Emperor Xuande in history.

Ming Yingzong

The Orthodox Emperor-Zhu Qizhen

Zhu Qizhen, Ming Yingzong (A.D. 1427- 1464), the eldest son of Zhu Zhanji in Ming Xuanzong. Xuanzong succeeded to the throne after his death. He ascended the throne twice and reigned for 22 years. He died at the age of 38 and was buried in Yuling (now the Ming Tombs in Beijing).

In the first month of A.D. 1464 (the eighth year of Tianshun), Zhu Qizhen died in Wenhua Temple at the age of 38. Zhu Qizhen thus completed his complicated life.

Ming Taizong

Jingtaidi-Zhu Qiyu

Ming Daizong Zhu Qiyu (A.D. 1428- 1457), the second son of Zhu Zhanji, the younger brother of Zhu Qizhen, Ming Yingzong, was captured by Waci soldiers and succeeded to the throne. After eight years in office, he was deposed and placed under house arrest because of the restoration of the British Sect, at the age of 30. Buried in Jinshankou, a suburb of Beijing, Ming Chengzu cemetery.

After his death, the emperor's name was restored in A.D. 1475, and he was named Jingdi, and the temple name was changed to Zong.

Ming Daizong and Zhu Qiyu supported Yu Qian in opposing the southward migration, won the battle to protect Beijing, reused the persecuted loyal ministers of the orthodox dynasty, saved the day, and made contributions to the post-war recovery of the Ming Dynasty. However, he was too stingy when welcoming back the British Sect, and at the same time he pushed his luck on the issue of the prince, which ended in tragedy.

Ming Xianzong

Emperor Chenghua-Zhu Jianshen

Ming Xianzong Zhu Jianshen (A.D. 1447- 1487), the eldest son of Zhu Qizhen, Ming Yingzong, succeeded to the throne after the death of Yingzong, and reigned for 23 years. He died of his wife's illness at the age of 4 1. Buried in Maoling (now Ming Tombs in Beijing).

The temple after Zhu Jianshen's death was called Xianzong.

Hongzhi emperor-Zhu Youtang

Zhu Youtang (AD 1470- 1505), the third son of Zhu Jianshen, succeeded to the throne after his death. /kloc-died in 0/8 at the age of 35. Buried in Tailing (now the Ming Tombs in Beijing).

Historians of later generations spoke highly of Xiao Zong of Ming Dynasty, believing that he saved the crisis, cleared the order of Ning Dynasty, was thrifty and thrifty, and loved the people. He is the master of the country, and his achievements are no less than Mao and Cheng Zu. Personally speaking, it is better than success.

Mingwuzong

Zheng De-Emperor Zhu Houzhao

Zhu Houzhao (A.D.1491-1521), the eldest son of Zhu Youtang, was succeeded to the throne after his death. 16 years, died of excessive debauchery at the age of 30. Buried in Kangling (now Ming Tombs in Beijing).

Since Wu Zong had no children, the throne had to fall into the hands of the royal family, and filial piety was over.

Ming shizong

Emperor Jiajing-Zhu Houxing

Zhu Houqi (A.D. 1507- 1566), the grandson of Zhu Jianshen, Ming Xianzong, is a cousin. Amin Wuzong died of illness and had no children. He succeeded him. After 45 years in office, he died of taking Dan medicine. At the age of 60, he was buried in Yongling (now Ming Tombs in Beijing).

Ming Shizong Zhu Houqi, Xing's eldest son Zhu Youqi. Since Wu Zong died in March of 152 1, and since Wu Zong left no children and was a single biography, the Queen Mother and the Cabinet recorded that Yang Tinghe decided that Wu Zong's cousin Zhu Houqi, the nearest royal family, would inherit the throne, and changed the title to Jiajing the next year.

Mingmuzong

Emperor Qin Long-Zhu Zaihou

Zhu Zaihou (A.D. 1537- 1572), the third son of Zhu Houqi, the founder of Ming Dynasty, succeeded to the throne after his death. After six years in office, he died at the age of 36. Buried in Zhaoling (now Ming Tombs in Beijing).

In March of A.D. 1572, Zhu Zaihou fell ill, rested for two months, went to the palace to see things, and suddenly became dizzy and returned to the palace. Knowing that his illness was not serious, he called Gao Gong, Zhang and Gao Yi, accepted their orders and ordered the prince to succeed to the throne and die.

After Zhu Zaihou died, he was named Zhuang Zong, and the name of the temple was Mu Zong.

Ming Shenzong

Emperor Wanli-Zhu Yijun

Ming Shenzong Zhu Yijun (A.D. 1563- 1620) is the third son of Amin Mu Zong Zhu Zaihou. Mu Zong succeeded to the throne after his death and ruled for 48 years. He died at the age of 58 and was buried in Dingling (now the Ming Tombs in Beijing).

Ming Shenzong Zhu Yijun was born in the 42nd year of Jiajing (1563). His biological mother, Shi Li, was originally a maid-in-waiting, and was later attracted by Zhu Zaihou, who was still in Yu Wang at that time. In the first year of Qin Long (1567), she was named the imperial concubine.

Ming Shenzong completed his contradictory life and made great efforts in the first ten years of his succession. With Zhang's help, the economy of Ming Dynasty was unprecedentedly prosperous, and capitalism sprouted in the south of the Yangtze River. In the middle ten years, I changed from diligence to laziness. In the last thirty years, I didn't care about anything. However, he has always been the chief handle. From this point of view, he is by no means a mediocre person. However, he lacks bright talents and talents. Coupled with his mental illness, he not only failed to revive the Ming Dynasty. Instead, it pushed the Ming dynasty to a desperate situation. Therefore, later generations commented that "the death of the Ming Dynasty is actually the death of Zongshen."

Mingguangzong

Emperor Taichang-Zhu Changluo

Zhu Changluo (A.D. 1585- 1620), the eldest son of Zhu Yijun, Ming Shenzong. Zongshen succeeded to the throne after his death, and his reign time was only 1 month. Because of excessive debauchery, he died after eating red pills. At the age of 36, he was buried in Qingling (now Ming Tombs in Beijing).

Zhu Changluo was one of the most legendary emperors in the Ming Dynasty, and all three mysteries in the Ming Palace were related to him. He reigned for only one month and was the shortest-lived emperor of the Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Changluo has only been emperor for a month, and he is known as "the son of heaven in January" in history. At this time, the corpse coffin of Emperor Wanli had not been buried, and the underground palace of Emperor Taichang could not be built quickly. In desperation, the new mausoleum was rebuilt on the abandoned site of Jingtai Mausoleum in Changping, Beijing. In the first year of the apocalypse (162 1), it was renovated in March, completed in August, and buried in September.

The temple after Zhu Changluo's death was named Guangzong.

Mingxizong

The Apocalypse Emperor-Zhu Youxiao

Zhu Youxiao (A.D. 1605- 1627) is the eldest son of Zhu Changluo, who succeeded to the throne after Guangzong died of illness. He was in office for seven years. He died of excessive amusement and illness, took the "fairy medicine" and was buried in Deling (now the Ming Tombs in Beijing) at the age of 23.

Zhu Youxiao was buried in Deling, Changping, Beijing after his death. The temple is called Xizong, also known as the Apocalypse Emperor.

Mingsizong

Emperor Chongzhen-Zhu Youjian

Ming Sizong was named Zhu Youjian (A.D.161~1644), the fifth son of Ming Guangzong Zhu Changluo and the younger brother of Ming Xizong Zhu Youxiao. Xizong succeeded to the throne after his death. 17 years, Li Zicheng insurgents committed suicide after capturing Beijing. At the age of 34, he was buried in Siling (now Ming Tombs in Beijing).

Zhu Youjian, in a.d. 1622, was made the letter king. Xizong died in August 1627. As he had no children, he was ordered to succeed to the throne on the fourth day of the same month. In the second year, the country name was changed to "Chongzhen".