In the fifth year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 200), Cao Cao conquered Liu Bei and won in Xuzhou, capturing Guan Yu and two emperors. Cao Cao thought that if he could surrender, Cao could unify the whole country as soon as possible. Cao Cao, eager to seek wisdom, gave Guan Yu three banquets a day, treated him with great hospitality, worshipped him as a partial general, and built a castle for his house. However, Guan Yu did not lose the festival. He was still in Cao Ying, and his heart was in the Han Dynasty. He hoped that the two emperors could reunite with their sworn brother Liu Bei as soon as possible. Cao Cao saw that the gift was not good, so he used a new trick of forcing each other with love. He locked Guan Yu and the wives of two emperors in a room in an attempt to make it public in the future to get rid of Guan Yu's thought of restoring Han Dynasty. As night fell, Guan Yu faced the wives of the two emperors, blushing and resenting Cao Mengde's betrayal. After a little thought, I got up and went outside and began to read Confucius' Spring and Autumn Annals. Guan Yu's clear voice sometimes reads, "A scholar can't help himself. It's a long way to go, Xiu Yuan. Benevolence is not very important. Isn't it far after death? " Cao Cao put his ear to the wall and sighed softly, "Guan Yunchang is really a hero!" Seeing that there was no hope of surrender, he put Guan Yu back. When leaving, Guan Yu presented Cao Cao with a painted poem bamboo, and the densely crossed bamboo leaves formed four poems, saying, "Don't thank Dong Jun, Dan Qing has an independent name. Don't be too lonely, it won't wither for long. " To express his firm belief that he is alive and his heart is in Han. Guan Yu's noble sentiment of reading Spring and Autumn Annals at night has always inspired future generations.

First, Guan Yu read Spring and Autumn Annals at night to express his ambition.

Guan Yu lit a candle and read The Spring and Autumn Annals written by Confucius, aiming to show Cao Cao that he was in Cao Ying and his heart was in the Han Dynasty. According to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao besieged Guan Yu on a heaped-up mountain. Under Zhang Liao's strong persuasion, Guan Yu and Cao Cao concluded the famous "Tu Shan Three Covenants": First, surrender to Han but not to Cao Cao; Second, support Liu Bei's two wives; Thirdly, once he knows the news of Liu Bei, Wan Li will go through fire and water to find his brother no matter how far away. Cao Cao finally agreed to harsh conditions. Guan Yu, who was in Cao Ying, reminded Cao Cao many times that he never forgot his former teacher Liu Bei. Later, Yan Liang and Wen Chou were beheaded, and the siege of the White Horse was lifted to repay Cao Cao for not killing. Guan Yu's loyalty to Liu Bei and Taoyuan is vividly expressed in the novel. During the Three Kingdoms period, Guan Yu's theory of rebellion was skillfully resolved, leaving a famous allusion, that is, "being in Cao Cao's heart is in Han Dynasty". What pushed Guan Yu's image of loyalty to the extreme was the scene in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms in which Guan Yu let Cao Cao go in Huarong Road, which moved countless people.

Guan Yu read Spring and Autumn for Cao Cao at night. Guan Yu sometimes reads "Qingyin": "Scholars should strive for self-improvement. It's a long way to go, Xiu Yuan. Not too heavy, heartless. Isn't it far after death? " Cao Cao put his ear to the wall and sighed softly, "Guan Yunchang is really a hero!" Seeing that there was no hope of surrender, he put Guan Yu back.

Second, did Guan Yu study history by reading Chunqiu at night?

What is Chunqiu? The Spring and Autumn Annals is the earliest existing historical work of China. Because it is chronological (the genre of writing history books in chronological order), it is also the earliest existing chronological history books in China.

Reading history books has nothing to do with a soldier. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms and Biography of Jiang Biao quoted by Pei, Guan Yu usually loves Zuo Zhuan and "satirizes and recites fluently". In the Han Dynasty, the phenomenon of chanting and reading scriptures was very common, and Chunqiu was a must-read book for people at that time. For example, Pei quoted in Biography of Li Dian as saying: "The canon is less studious, but not interested in military affairs. Instead, it is the study of teachers, and the biography of Zuo Shi in the Spring and Autumn Period is widely read. " It should be said that it is very common for Guan Yu to read Chunqiu. Does Guan Yu read Chunqiu in the evening to study history?

History is a record and evaluation of everything that happened in the past. Everyone looks at history and some historical figures have different emotional positions. In this process, readers will have questions: who is right and who is wrong? With such doubts, people will look for different versions of history books to compare and identify, and learn something or someone recorded in history from different angles, so as to get closer to the truth step by step. Just as we know where we are, we really can't judge if we only see the front or the back. Only when we have a comprehensive understanding of the front, back, left, right and up, and even find a reference to locate, can we have an accurate judgment of our position.

Reading history is the same. Comparing what happened in ancient and modern times, history will slowly tell us how it developed and why it became what it is today. This multi-angle, multi-level and multi-directional thinking has gradually produced a series of problems in our minds. With these questions to study, to reason, and finally to form an objective judgment, this is the origin of wisdom. The process of generating, answering, comparing and refining questions endows us with persistent pursuit of fair and objective historical facts. All these processes have also made us question and criticize the authenticity of Historical Records, and gradually formed our thinking habit of independent thinking.

Guan Yu reads Spring and Autumn Annals at night, and he also tries to find the right and wrong of history. He is thinking about a problem: righteousness. Chunqiu can find the answer for him. A large number of righteous deeds are recorded in the Spring and Autumn Zuozhuan. These people and events caused Guan Yu to think a lot. He achieved Guan Yu's loyalty thought, and Guan Yu later became the embodiment of loyalty.

Guan Yu's loyalty thought does have the ideological basis of feudal society in China, and it has quite complicated contents. This loyalty thought has the following characteristics:

First, a hero disobeys two masters.

Guan Yu once followed Liu Bei, never changing, never changing, till death do us part. Guan Yu's "righteousness" is loyalty and loyalty. Guan Yu followed Liu Bei. In the tripartite struggle, the weak side, especially in the early days, suffered repeated defeats and wars, and had no place to stand, but he was determined and never wavered. In order to save Liu Bei's wife and children, he was temporarily sent to Cao Ying. In order to buy him off, Cao Cao spent three days on a small banquet and five days on a big banquet, reaching the point where he did everything he could, but he was not tempted. Once he found out where Liu Bei was going, no force could stop him from moving forward. Guan Yu's heavy righteousness has reached the point of contempt for everything. This is worthy of recognition.

Second, keep your word.

Guan Yu's words and deeds have always been associated with "righteousness". For the sake of "righteousness", he can quickly fly a knife and make people fall to the ground, or he can turn the horse's head and let the enemy head escape; You can bravely defeat a strong enemy and win instantly, or you can be unbearable and put people under the sword; You can ignore the strategist and do your own thing, or you can obey and be loyal. What he did, thought and thought were bound by righteousness and moved by it. Justice is above everything else.

Third, emphasize righteousness and do not hesitate to abolish the public.

Guan Yu's righteousness has a strong personal loyalty. It is not enough for Huarong Road to let Cao Cao go because of righteousness. "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" was written here, and "righteousness" was mentioned many times. For example, Cao Cao said, "A gentleman values faith. The general is familiar with Spring and Autumn Annals. Don't you know that Geng Gong's company is chasing Zizhuo's lovely son? " It is also what the author said, "Yun Chang is a man of great righteousness. I think of Cao Cao's many encouragements in those days. Later, how can I not be tempted?" This is really writing evil intentions into goodwill, and such "righteousness" is really not enough.

Guan Yu was killed by Sun Quan, and The Romance of the Three Kingdoms eulogized: "The sun is like a mirror, and the spring and autumn are just a thin cloud." "The wind and thunder are unparalleled, and the sun and the moon compete for glory." The weight of praise is hard to see. After Guan Yu's death, he appeared in Yuquan Mountain to protect the people. The villagers felt his virtue, so they built a temple on the top of the mountain to offer sacrifices at four o'clock. This may be the earliest temple closure.

With the deepening of Guan Yu's loyalty thought, Guan Yu changed from the image of a loyal minister in history to an imitated idol, and his position changed from a minister to an emperor. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the worship of Guan Yu reached its climax. Guandi Temple is built everywhere, and fireworks continue year after year, which has become a unique cultural phenomenon among the people.